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Current commercial aircraft ventilation design focuses on space optimization and pressure-related safety parameters. It inadequately takes into account the impact of the mixing ventilation system on pathogen dispersion in an enclosed space with low humidity. Current international guidelines relating to pathogen transfer reduction, suggest a combined approach using both traditional mixing ventilation systems and personalized ventilation. The present paper studies the impact of seat-integrated personalized ventilation diffusers on the air quality in the passenger breathing zone. The study employs an experimental setup backed by numerical simulations to evaluate the system’s potential to disperse pollutants near the breathing zone. Human thermal manikins were used to simulate the passengers in a full-scale mock-up of the airplane cabin. The velocity fields of the personalized ventilation diffusers and the thermal plume have been measured using PIV techniques. The experimental results were used to validate the CFD scenarios. The numerical part of the study used exhaled CO2 accumulation in the breathing zone to assess the effectiveness of the PV diffusers. Results indicate that the presence of the PV diffusers directs the exhaled CO2 upwards and can act as a barrier preventing pathogens from entering the breathing zone.

Thermal manikins are valuable tools used in advancing our understanding of thermal comfort. This study examines the effect of varying clothing insulation on the predicted degree of thermal comfort using a thermal manikin named MONICA (MONitoring Indoor Comfort and Air quality). The experiments were conducted in a controlled climate chamber with the room temperature maintained at 24 °C. Three different clothing configurations were tested: naked, summer clothes (0.2 clo), and winter office clothes (0.7 clo). The equivalent temperature was measured for each configuration and compared to the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) values obtained simultaneously. Additionally, the study utilized the Background Oriented Schlieren (BOS) technique to visualize the thermally driven airflow around the manikin. The findings from this study confirm the effectiveness of the thermal manikin in simulating human thermal responses and provide valuable insights into the role of clothing insulation in thermal comfort assessments. The obtained results will be useful for choosing the right clothing insulation for future thermal comfort assessments with the manikin.

Ventilated facades represent a modern solution increasingly adopted in smart, low-energy building designs. A critical consideration in the implementation of these systems is ensuring fire resistance while simultaneously minimizing the risk of fire propagation. Modern ventilated facade solutions incorporate solar energy storage using phase change materials (PCMs). This study explores the fire performance of storage mass composed of spheres integrating paraffin-based phase-change materials combined with AlO nanomaterials in order to enhance thermal conductivity (nePCM). The investigation focuses on the behavior of these composite materials under fire conditions, providing insights into their safety and efficacy in sustainable building applications.

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude faite sur la terminologie relative à la covid 19 en quatre langues : anglais, français, allemand, roumain. Le but est de voir comment les termes relatifs à cette crise sanitaire ont circulé de la langue source, langue officielle de communication, c’est à dire l’anglais vers les autres langues et la capacité de celles ci d’assimiler les nouvelles unités termiologiques.

This article aims at presenting some issues related to translating culturemes. The first part deals with defining key concepts such as culture, cultureme, and their relation to language and translation. A few examples of difficulties in translating culture-bound words will be presented in the second part of the paper

Cette étude de propose de présenter quelques difficultés liées à l’inclusion des outils de traduction automatique et traduction assistée par ordinateur dans le parcours de formation de futurs traducteurs. Dans un premier temps, une courte synthèse des considérations théoriques autour des concepts de traduction, traductologie et compétence traductologique sera faite l’accent étant mis sur leur évolution au fil du temps. Dans un deuxième temps, nous essayerons de souligner le rôle de la technologie dans l’activité professionnelles du traducteur mais aussi dans la formation de la compétence traductionnelle.

With the increasing focus on indoor environmental quality, driven by the growing amount of time people spend in enclosed spaces, this study presents an approach to enhancing air distribution in office environments and confined spaces. A novel low-induction air diffuser is designed to deliver fresh, clean air in close proximity to occupants while maintaining their thermal comfort. Clean, unpolluted air is pivotal to healthy and productive workplaces. Yet, this paper underscores the importance of not sacrificing thermal comfort in the pursuit of improved indoor air quality. Inadequate thermal comfort may lead occupants to deactivate ventilation systems, negating the benefits of improved air quality. Inefficient temperature control can also result in discomfort, distractions, and reduced productivity. The innovative low-induction air diffuser resolves this issue, enhancing air quality near occupants without causing thermal discomfort. By directing air gently and efficiently, this solution is prepared to transform personalized ventilation systems, mitigating the discomfort associated with traditional jet flows while delivering high-quality breathable air. This research serves as a bridge between improved indoor air quality and thermal comfort, for office environments. It introduces a practical, energy-efficient solution that satisfies the core requirements of a healthy workspace—clean air and comfortable conditions.

Notre article se propose d’analyser le concept de variation terminologique au niveau de la transmission des informations de la part des institutions officielles vers le public dans le contexte de la crise sanitaire de 2019-2021. Plus précisément, il s’agit principalement des communiqués de presse et autres textes de communication en anglais du Conseil Européen et de la Commission Européenne et traduits en roumain qui ont été analysés du point de vue de l’utilisation de la terminologie relative à la COVID-19 afin de voir s’il s’agit d’un usage unitaire ou plutôt hétérogène vu l’évolution rapide et inattendue de la pandémie et l’extraordinaire dynamique communicationnelle qui a caractérisé cette période.

The purpose of our article is to analyse the concept of terminological variation in the transmission of information from official institutions to the public in the context of the 2019-2021 health crisis. More precisely, we dealt mainly with press releases and other official texts in English of the European Council and the European Commission translated into Romanian which have been analysed from the point of view of the use of the COVID-19 terminology in order to see there is a unitary or rather heterogeneous use given the rapid and unexpected evolution of the pandemic and the extraordinary communication dynamics that has characterised this period.

Cet article se propose de présenter quelques aspects de la traduction médicale du français au roumain qui ont contribué à la constitution et au développement de la terminologie médicale roumaine. Il s’agit ici de quelques cas de traduction qui affectent le niveau lexical et le niveau morphosyntaxique.

Nos proponemos en este artículo presentar el proceso por el cual se remodela la imagen de Neruda en la segunda etapa del régimen comunista rumano (1965-1989), después de su desmesurado ensalzamiento entre 1947 y 1964 en calidad de ejemplar «compañero de ruta» en la construcción del socialismo. Confiscada inicialmente por unos agentes culturales y traductores aferrados a los dogmas del realismo socialista, su valiosa poesía consigue ocupar su merecido lugar durante «el deshielo cultural» e incluso después de 1971, cuando las políticas culturales ceausistas se orientaron hacia un nuevo dogmatismo de factura nacionalista. Si bien, en comparación con las primeras dos décadas del totalitarismo, su visibilidad decrece y su figura se esfuma entre los nuevos latinoamericanos llegados al escenario cultural rumano – los autores del boom –, la poesía de Neruda sigue presente en Rumania y ella será tanto instrumentalizada por los oportunistas del aparato de propaganda ceausista-nacionalista como rescatada de los clisés ideológicos por los agentes culturales del frente apolítico, estetizante.

The amount of time spent in traffic by vehicle occupants has increased dramatically over the last two decades. This is because the average commute length and time spent stuck in traffic without a way out have increased at rates far exceeding population growth. At the same time, the quality of life has increased, in many areas of this world, leading vehicle users to prefer increased thermal comfort conditions inside the cabins when they are in traffic, a better thermal comfort in the vehicle being nowadays an important parameter when choosing a new vehicle. A solution to improve the thermal comfort of vehicle users is to uniformize the airflow inside vehicle by enhancing the mixing of the freshly introduced air with the ambient air. Based on literature previous research, air mixing can be improved by passive means using innovative air diffusers which have the ability of entraining more air than regular air diffusers. A comparative numerical study between different air diffusers will be carried out in the present paper with the help of Ansys Fluent software. The results revealed that a particular air diffuser, based on the lobed shaped cross orifice was found to entertain with 35% more air than a regular air diffuser.

Introduction. Sialolithiasis is one of the most common pathologies of the salivary glands. When calculi are present in the distal excretory duct, in the hilum or in the parenchyma, complete removal of the submandibular gland is recommended. Case report. We present the case of a 43-year-old male patient, suffering from left chronic submandibular sialadenitis. The patient accused recurring colic and intermittent swelling of the left submandibular gland experienced for about 10 years, with a progressive evolution. CT scan revealed a lower volume of the left submandibular gland compared to the right submandibular gland, the presence of a microcalcification in the parenchyma and an oval calcification corresponding to the projection area of the left submandibular gland’s duct. A left sub mandibulectomy was performed. Conclusion. Complete removal of the submandibular gland is the most effective therapy for sialolithiasis, being associated with better long-term outcomes and low operative morbidity.

Cet article se propose de présenter les principaux résultats d’un travail de recherche terminologique dans le domaine de l’automobile. L’objectif du projet a été la réalisation d’une base de données terminologique regroupant des termes du domaine de l’automobile (composants, processus, opérations, mécanique, automatisation, développement durable) en anglais, allemand, français et roumain. Nos propos seront centrés sur quelques difficultés de traitement des termes déterminées par la variation terminologique.

Cette étude se propose de présenter les principaux résultats d’une enquête réalisée auprès des étudiants roumains préparant une licence en LMA (Langues Modernes Appliquées) afin d’identifier les principales difficultés auxquelles ils se heurtent dans la traduction de textes techniques du français au roumain. Une attention particulière sera accordée au traitement de la terminologie technique, la mauvaise appréhension du sens des termes menant à des cas de non-sens, faux sens ou contre-sens. Quelques situations qui pourraient présenter des difficultés de traduction importantes seront ainsi analysées : fourches lexicales, structurations de signifiés différentes, terminologisation par métaphorisation menant à une polysémie divergente, traduction des abréviations et acronymes.

The ideas of E. G. Racovitza which led to the development of biospelaeology (biospeology, is the term used by Racovitza and adopted here) are reviewed. We emphasize the important research programme named Biospeologica which allowed to implement practical investigations on the subterranean animals due to enthusiastic cooperative work of many scientists

I Even if more and more people use mobile phones, the gap between younger and older age groups persists and its importance is timely and widened given the present ageing and digital inequality phenomena. How wide is the difference on types of phone usage between different age groups? For answering this research question, we employ binary logistic regressions on several types of phone usage keeping into account age and controlling for region, education, income and whether respondents use a feature phone or a smartphone. The analysed data come from the Spring Change Assessment Survey 2010 provided by the Pew Research Center and it is representative for the United States of America. Our results show that, net of the all the variables included in the model, older persons are less likely than younger persons to use such phone functions, but the strength of association is low. Education and income are relevant for these functions. Using a smartphone in comparison with using a feature phone is important in all the situations included, as well as income. Considering models only for older persons, over 65 years of age, college and income are less relevant. Using a smartphone is more likely than using a feature phone to encourage all types of phone usage, independently of age.

De nombreux auteurs ont signalé ces dernières années la nécessité d’innover l’enseignement universitaire de la traduction afin de répondre aux besoins de formation des futurs traducteurs. Les pratiques universitaires n’ont pas pourtant beaucoup évolué. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous nous proposons de mener une réflexion sur l’enseignement de la traduction professionnelle à l’université en contexte européen. Nos considérations porteront sur la contribution de la traductologie à la didactique de la traduction, ainsi que sur l’amélioration des pratiques en vue d’une adaptation de l’enseignement universitaire de la traduction professionnelle aux besoins de la société contemporaine.

Cet article se propose de retracer l’évolution de la terminologie et de délimiter le domaine d’autres disciplines auxquelles il a été associé le long de son existence. D’autres aspects tels que l’opposition mot-terme ou le caractère monosémique et univoque des unités terminologiques seront également abordés afin de comprendre la complexité des problèmes théoriques que la terminologie se pose

La création du mot utopie n’est pas seulement l’acte de naissance d’un genre littéraire - le genre utopique, mais aussi la source d'une approche possible de l'utopie en tant que fantaisie compensatoire, à la suite du rapprochement entre le néologisme en linguistique et le néologisme en psychiatrie. Moyennant les concepts psychanalytiques de compensation et de régression, l'utopie pourrait être considérée soit comme une solution soit pour échapper à un complexe d'infériorité émanant d'un présent jugé comme insatisfaisant, soit comme un retour à des temps bienheureux de l'humanité. Dans les deux cas, la question angoissante qui en découle est si l’utopie relève du rêve ou bien plutôt du cauchemar.

The work “Management of labor conflicts in public health organizations” treats a very importantissue, of the present, with extensive and multiple implications for public health. The work can be consideredas an interdisciplinary study justified by two arguments: first, it is essential to applied research step, theknowledge and use of enshrined informational content in management literature, especially of models andmechanisms of managerial activity on the administration of human resources, managerial style, mobilizationcapacities, communication, coordination or decision ones and, not least the mechanisms characteristic tocollective relations established between managers and employees; second, it is required for theimplementation phase of research findings, capitalization of an informational sphere of law field, specifically,labor law, because labor conflicts are based both on specific regulations of labor law and on a juridicalliterature, of great interest and of strict use for a concrete optimization of labor social relations.

Zusammenfassung Braucht es Integration im Gesundheitswesen? Und wenn ja, welches sind die Umweltbedingungen und die Faktoren, die zum Dienstleistungserfolg einer integrierten Pflegeinitiative gehören? Das folgende Kapitel versucht diese Frage mit Hilfe von zwei Forschungsmethoden zu beantworten. Erstens, mit einer umfassenden Literaturdurchsicht zum Thema der diffusesten Integrationsstrategien in Europa und Nordamerika. Zweitens, mit Hilfe von 4 Fallstudien, welche auf Grund ihrer maximal Umweltunterschiede ausgewählt wurden (Kanada, USA, Italien und Schweiz). Die Analyse basiert auf einem konzeptionellen Rahmen und involviert Elemente auf Makro-, Meso- und Mikrolevel: Zusammenhang, betriebliche Mittel, Transition Management Kultur und Organisationsmodelle. Résumé Une intégration dans le domaine sanitaire est-elle nécessaire? Si oui, quelles sont les conditions contextuelles et les combinaisons des facteurs associés au succès des livraison de service dans les initiatives de soin intégrée? Ce chapitre veut tenter de répondre à ces questions sur la base d'une revue de la literature complète sur les stratégies d'intégration les plus diffusées en Europe et en Amérique du Nord et, sur la base de 4 études de cas, sélectionnés selon un critère de différences contextuelles maximales (Canada, USA, Italie et Suisse). L'analyse se base sur une structure conceptuelle, qui inclue des éléments au niveau macro, meso et micro: context, méthodes opératives, culture managériale de la transition, et modèle d’organisation.

Licensing represents one of the modern techniques most often used as an environmental protection means. In concrete, this technique is envisaged in the obligation of obtaining an authorization (lato sensu) in order to develop a certain activity or to use a product or service that is considered to attain an ecological risk, respectively the granting of permits, licences, authorisations or certifications. Authorisation (licensing) is based on the Environmental Impact Assessment, which is a constitutive part of the authorization process, as the conclusions of the environmental impact assessment study are conditioning the result of the authorization process. In order to attain a panoramic and complete reflection of the authorization as an environmental protection legal instrument, we consider to be highly useful the presentation of two transversal instruments, characterised of proactive operativity, a high degree of participation on the part of the involved subjects and a high level of environmental protection that they tend to attain. Basically, these two instruments are Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental Assessment.

This study is a part of a larger experimental and numerical campaign intended to evaluate the influence of the turbulence intensity at the inlet of the terminal air distribution systems on the local draft sensation and thermal discomfort of ventilation users. In this paper we present preliminary results of CFD simulations using a realistic model of human body along with an experimental validation. The model is further used in a piston distribution scheme to evaluate the influence of turbulence intensity on the comfort indicators. The recorded velocity, turbulence and temperature fields allowed us to estimate the distributions of DR, PPD and PMV indexes. For the investigated case, the results indicated a direct correlation.

In order to achieve more realistic boundary conditions on the inlet of a ventilation system it is necessary to study the influences of the air diffuser orifices geometry on the airflow distribution in the enclosure. Integrating these orifices directly in a real scale air diffuser for a numerical study will result in a huge computational grid which will translate in huge computational resources and a much larger calculation time. The solution, in this case, was the numerical simulation of the airflow through small parts of the studied air diffuser. Later, the numerical results will be implemented as boundary conditions in the unidirectional diffuser of a numerical simulation that represents a real scale operating room (OR). In the current study two diffusers with different orifices were studied, one having circular („O”) and the other one lobbed („+”) orifices. The initial numerical model had 25 orifices on the diffuser, but because of the very large numerical grid resulted for the initial meshes (>35 million tetrahedral cells), a solution with only 4 orifices was chosen for this study. A mesh independency study was made for these two types of air diffusers. The numerical studies were made using RANS method, with SST k-ω turbulence model in steady state conditions. The numerical results obtained with the first step models showed very good agreement with the PIV stereoscopic experimental measurements.

The current concept of Crew Quarters on board of the International Space Station has several issues according to the crew member’s feedback. Major issues concern noise levels, the accumulation of CO2 and the quality of the air distribution. Our study targets the airflow distribution, to diagnose this issue, we realise a series of numerical simulations (CFD) based on a real scale replica of the Crew Quarters. Simulations were set with a zero-gravity mode and with the theoretical air parameters inside the SSI. The geometry includes a thermal manikin having the neutral posture of a body in the absence of gravity. Numerical simulations were run for the three different air flow rates provided by the current ventilation system. Results have shown that the air distribution inside the Crew Quarter is insufficient for low airflow rates but becomes acceptable for the higher airflow rate, however the higher airflow rate can potentially produce draught discomfort.

The paper presents an analysis of the solar irradiation and the stability of the solar radiative regime, available for Bucharest and the southern area of Romania. The study is based on meteorological data measured at 3.6 seconds, on several consecutive days of each season, in the years 2017 and 2018. Data acquisition was performed at Technical University of Civil Engineering Bucharest. The daily mean values for sunshine number and sunshine stability number are computed and analysed. The analyses carried out in this research are useful for applications of solar energy and conversion to thermal energy in hot air solar collectors to estimate the temperature variation at the collector air outlet as well as for photovoltaic panels to estimate the resulting electrical energy.

An attempt at improving the ventilation solution for the crew quarters aboard the International Space Station requires a thorough understanding of the flow dynamics in a microgravity environment. An experimental study is required in order to validate the numerical models. As part of this process, a small-scale model was proposed for a detailed study of the velocity field. PIV measurements in water offer high quality results and were chosen for the subject. Following certain similitude criteria, an equivalence can be found between the results of these measurements and the real ventilation scenario. This paper describes the development process of this small-scale model as well as its performance in the initial test runs. Details regarding the advantages and weaknesses of this first model are the core of the paper, with the intention of aiding researchers in their design of similar models. The conclusion presents future steps and proposed improvements to the model.

Thermal comfort evaluation for vehicle occupants is very complicated due to the transient nature and non-uniformity of the vehicle interior. The thermal sensation of an automotive occupant is affected by the surrounding environment. More than this, the actual standard is proposing three evaluation indexes and was developed for steady state and controlled conditions and some of the indexes are not adapted for this complex environment. In this article the three standardized indexes values are compared in term of thermal comfort, in a vehicle passenger in summer season. The results are showing that the mean values of PMV/PPD model calculated in a single point with Comfort Sense equipment are far from the TSV mean values which was collected in questionnaires, while the teq index which was calculated with an advanced thermal manikin are closer to the TSV comfort votes. This may be explained by the fact that the TSV and teq consider the sensation for each body part at the local level. For a correct evaluation of the thermal comfort in non-uniform and transient environments like in the vehicles, is not enough to measure in a single point and the results to be considered in all the ambiance. The main conclusion is that the PMV/PPD indexes are not very well adapted to the vehicle environment.

The main declared goal of all car manufacturers is to ensure high comfort inside the cabin and to reduce the fossil fuel. It is well-known that the time spent by the people indoor has raised in the last decade. The distance between the home and the workplace increased due to diversity of activities and hence job diversity. The thermal comfort during the travel must to be ensured to reduce the occupant’s thermal stress. The present study is investigating a comparison between the measured data and the numerical simulation results in the case when the ventilation system is functioning. It was evaluated the effect of the boundary conditions air flow and air velocity distribution in a passenger compartment in two cases: first is the general used constant inlet flow and the second is a new approach of importing the measured data obtained during the experimental measurement session as a boundary condition.CFD simulations were made taking as input the measured data obtained during experimental session. We have observed differences between initial simulation results and the measured data, therefore, for more accurate results, a new approach is needed, to impose as boundary conditions the measured data.

The present paper analyses the airflow through the lobed orifices of a transpired solar collector which acts as a solar ventilated facade element through numerical simulation. This study is part of a complex research project which analyses the implementation of phase changing materials within air solar collectors. We decided to study an elementary part of the collectors' absorbent plate with four equivalent orifices in order to obtain the velocity and temperature field at the outlet of the computing domain since the numerical simulation of the entire solar collector (more than 5000 orifices) is not feasible due to the big amount of computational resources and time needed. This paper presents the experimental validation of the numerical model, its final parameters and preliminary results. The numerical simulation was conducted using Ansys Fluent CFD software and the results were processed via Tecplot. The boundary conditions imposed were emphasised and k-ε RNG turbulence model was used according to the literature. After comparing the velocity profiles and temperature fields obtained with both experimental and numerical approaches we concluded that the numerical model reproduces real flow phenomena within acceptable limits. The numerical model thus obtained will be used in further studies in order to optimise the collectors' geometry and characteristics by means of parametrical analyses.

The aim of this study is to determine how the air flow from a unidirectional air flow (UAF) system and a local ventilation system will interact with each other. The study analyzes the air circulation near the operating table at different air flow velocities from both systems. The air flow velocities correspond to the usual range of velocities recommended by norms and guidelines. The research was approached by numerical and experimental studies. The thermal plume of the occupants (patient and surgeon) were measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and thermography (IR). The results of the measurements were compared with the results from the numerical case. A mesh independence study was carried out for the numerical case. The study showed that velocities ≥0.2 m/s from the UAF, depending on the height of the room, can overcome the thermal plume generated by a human subject with a moderate activity (100÷120W). The velocities from the local ventilation system need to be higher with at least one step, in accordance with the distance from the ventilation system to the operating wound, in order to avoid disturbances generated from the UAF system.

This paper presents a study for two thermal plumes generated by two humanoid thermal manikins, one standing and one lying down. The research was approached from a numerical and experimental perspective. The numerical model represents an operating room (OR) with two surgeons, a patient and a unidirectional air flow (UAF) diffuser. The experimental study was made in a climatic chamber, having a similar air distribution system, using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and infrared thermography (IR) measurements. The purpose of the study was to characterize the thermal plumes of the two manikins by numerical and experimental studies. The results obtained from these different approaches were compared with each other and with the ones from the literature in order to validate our numerical models.

The overall objective of Community policy on the environment and business is to contribute to sustainable development. The EU eco-label scheme (as laid down in the new Regulation (EC) No1980/2000) is now part of a wider approach on Integrated Product Policy (IPP) within the new Action Programme. The Commission has published a Green Paper on IPP that will be a key innovative element of future environmental policy and sustainable consumption and production. Strategically, the European ecolabel Scheme is, and will be, in line with the principles, goals and priorities of the 6th action Programme "Our Future, Our Choice". Following the Rio Summit in 1992, preparations by the EU on the overall objectives of sustainable development are underway as the year 2002 will be the year of RIO+10. 2002 will also see the 10th anniversary of the Flower label. The European eco-label is based on the vision of greeningnon-food products all over Europe in a joint and common approach of all European stakeholders brought together in the European Union Eco-labelling Board (EUEB).

Les spécialistes du journalisme et les analystes des discours médiatiques caractérisent l’éditorial comme un discours avec un engagement fort de la part de son auteur. Notre communication se propose de voir comment l’éditorialiste se constitue comme sujet légitime de son discours.

L’univers de Paul Verlaine n’est pas vaste, mais il est assez contradictoire. L’originalité de la poésie verlainienne consiste en la manière dont les tons contrastés de gaieté, de mélancolie, d’innocence et de sensualisme se combinent. Les états d’âme - plaisirs, joie, remords, mélancolie- se mêlent aux paysages naturels - clairs de lune, soleils couchants- et donnent naissance aux « tableaux d’âme » si caractéristiques du symbolisme.

The present work aims to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the NREL phase II (generated only with S809 profile along the span for an untwisted case) rotor that is a horizontal axis downwind wind turbine rotor and which is assumed to stand isolated in the space. The two dimensional steady-incompressible flow Reynolds average NavierStokes equations, are solved by using the commercial CFD package Ansys Fluent. The 2D computations are first performed on S809 airfoil in order to define the most suitable model to be used; the turbulence closure model has been chosen among four possible candidates (standard , Spalart-Allmaras, based on comparison of pressure coefficient for the different configurations with experimental results. Secondly, through a three dimensional study we tried to simulate the experiment for wind speed velocities of 7.2, 10.56, 12.85, 16.3, and 9.18m/s. Results of pressure and torque for considered wind turbine rotor have been directly compared to the available experimental data. The comparisons show that CFD results along with the turbulence model used can predict the span-wise loading of the wind turbine rotor with reasonable agreement. The work presented here is the first stage of project that aims at giving a better understanding of the main influence of the rotational effect on boundary layer separation, and identify the stalled configuration in order to control this latter in future work.

Quality of life on the International Space Station (ISS) has become more and more important, since the time spent by astronauts outside the terrestrial atmosphere has increased in the last years. The actual concept for the Crew Quarters (CQ) have demonstrated the possibility of a personal space for sleep and free time activities in which the noise levels are lower, but not enough, compared to the noisy ISS isle way. However, there are several issues that needs to be improved to increase the performance of CQ. Our project QUEST is intended to propose a new concept of CQ in which we will correct these issues, like the noise levels will be lower, more space for astronaut, increased thermal comfort, reduce the CQ total weight, higher efficiency for the air distribution, personalized ventilation system in CQ for the crew members in order to remove CO2 from the breathing zone. This paper presents a CFD study in which we are comparing the actual and a proposed ventilation solution for introducing the air in CQ. A preliminary numerical model of the present configuration of the air distribution system of the Crew Quarters on board of the ISS, shows the need for an improved air distribution inside these enclosures. Lower velocity values at the inlet diffuser, distributed over a larger surface, as well as diffusers with improved induction would appear to be a better choice. This was confirmed through the development of a new model including linear diffusers with a larger discharge surface. In this new configuration, the regions of possible draught are dramatically reduced. The overall distributions of the velocity magnitudes displaying more uniform, lower values, in the same time with more uniform temperatures. All these observations allow us to consider a better mixing of the air inside the enclosure.

Nowadays, thermal comfort became one of the criteria in choosing a vehicle. In last decades time spent by people in vehicles had risen substantially. During each trip, thermal comfort must to be ensured for a good psychological and physical state of the passengers. Also, a comfortable environment leads to a higher power concentration of the driver thereby to a safe trip for vehicle occupants and for all traffic participants. The present study numerically investigated the effect of human body sited in the driver's place, over the air velocity distribution and over the thermal comfort in a passenger compartment. CFD simulations were made with different angles of the left inlet grill, in both cases, with and without driver presence. In majority of the actual vehicles environment studies, are made without consideration of human body geometry, in this case, the results precision can be affected. The results show that the presence of human body, lead to global changing of the whole flow pattern inside the vehicular cabin. Also, the locations of the maximum velocities are changing with the angle of the guiding vanes. The thermal comfort PMV/PPD indexes were calculated for each case. The presence of human body leads to a more comfortable environment.

The paper focus on the air quality inside the Crew Quarters on board of the International Space Station. Several issues to improve were recorded by NASA and ESA and most important of them are the following: noise level reduction, CO2 accumulation reduction and dust accumulation reduction. The study in this paper is centred on a reduced scaled model used to provide simulations related to the air diffusion inside the CQ. It is obvious that a new ventilation system is required to achieve the three issues mentioned above, and the solutions obtained by means of numerical simulation need to be validated by experimental approach. First of all we have built a reduced scaled physical model to simulate the flow pattern inside the CQ and the equipment inside the CQ has been reproduced using a geometrical scale ratio. The flow pattern was considered isothermal and incompressible. The similarity criteria used was the Reynolds number to characterize the flow pattern and the length scale was set at value 1/4. Water has been used inside the model to simulate air. Velocity magnitude vectors have been obtained using PIV measurement techniques.

Numerical simulation of climate conditions in automotive industry for the study of thermal comfort had become more and more prominent in the last years compared with the classical approach which consists in wind tunnel measurements and field testing, the main advantages being the reduction of vehicle development time and costs. The study presented in this paper is a part of a project intended to evaluate different strategies of cabin ventilation for improving the thermal comfort inside vehicles. A virtual thermal manikin consisting of 24 parts was introduced on the driver seat in a vehicle. A heat load calculated for summer condition in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania was imposed as boundary condition. The purpose of this study was to elaborate a virtual thermal manikin suitable for our research, introduction of the manikin inside the vehicle and to examine his influence inside the automobile. The thermal comfort of the virtual manikin was evaluated in terms of temperature and air velocity.

The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of fire in a nonventilated corridor. A real-scale model of a corridor has been modeled in Fire Dynamics Simulator(F.D.S.) in order to determine the evolution of indoor temperatures, the visibility and the oxygen quantities during a fire. The start time of a sprinkler has also been determined. The use of sprinklers in buildings has become a necessity and a requirement imposed by technical norms. The provision of this type of installation has become a common feature in buildings with a high fire risk, with two main effects: fire extinction and protection of structural and partition elements from high temperatures[15]. The ultimate goal is to ensure optimal conditions for saving the building users, intervention teams and maintaining the stability of the building. Low temperatures and good visibility on the escape routes during a fire are the basic conditions to ensure the optimal evacuation of users.

Nowadays, there is an increasing emphasis on indoor air quality due to technological evolution and the fact that people spend most of the time in enclosed spaces. Also, energy efficiency is another related factor that gains more and more attention. Improving air distribution in an enclosure can lead to achieve these goals. This improvement can be done by adjustingthe air terminals position, theredimensions or the air diffuser perforations. The paper presents the study of 8 types of panels with different perforations shapes. The systems were characterized by flow, pressure loss and noise. Usualand special geometries were chosen, all having the same flowsurface. The perforated panels were mounted in a unidirectional air flow (UAF)diffuser, also called a laminar air flow (LAF)diffuser, that is placed in a real scale operating room (OR) in our laboratory.The purpose of this study is to determine whether changing the shape in the perforated panels can improve the technical parameters of the diffuser.

In industrial applications, heat and mass transfer can be considerably increased using impinging jets. A large number of flow phenomena will be generated by the impinging flow, such as: large scale structures, large curvature involving strong shear and normal stresses, stagnation in the wall boundary layers, heat transfer with the impinged wall, small scale turbulent mixing. All these phenomena are highly unsteady and even if nowadays a substantial number of studies in the literature are dedicated, the impinging jets are still not fully understood due to the highly unsteady nature and more over due to great difficulty of performing detailed numerical and experimental investigations.

Urban pollution represents an increasing risk to residents of urban regions, particularly in large, over-industrialized cities knowing that the traffic is responsible for more than 25% of air gaseous pollutants and dust particles. Air quality modelling plays an important role in addressing air pollution control and management approaches by providing guidelines for better and more efficient air quality forecasting, along with smart monitoring sensor networks. The advances in technology regarding simulations, forecasting and monitoring are part of the new smart cities which offers a healthy environment for their occupants.