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As a result of keeping pace with the rapid and varied developments that entered the life of modern man in all its aspects, the means of expression and his oral and visual languages developed, among them the plastic arts in its various branches, such as drawing, photography and printmaking , and the development has realized the aesthetic visions in these arts and the means of expression used in their implementation, in addition to the raw materials. And the materials included in its structure, taking advantage of the results of the new vision for those raw materials and the great material capabilities that it provided to them. With this new technical data; The contemporary plastic artist is no longer satisfied with the traditional expressive methods and means, but has entered new fields in search of materials, materials and modern means capable of enriching the surface of his artistic work.The new technologies in artistic printing have provided many opportunities for artists to use what is called mixed printing techniques (Mixed Media). Artworks that are printed in the style of prominent, embossed, flat and porous printing appeared in the production of a single printed artwork. One of the most important techniques that the researcher used in this experiment is the idea of visual integration, which is the focus of the research.Therefore, the researcher believes that it is possible to take advantage of the new visual combination of materials as surfaces that combine many paper materials and the artistic edition, which can enable many innovative and unique treatments through the synthesis of the paper materials that make up a single artwork, which adds richness to the palette as a new approach.

The extensive expansion of tin mining in Bangka Island and a small part of the open sea is causing environmental damage in coastal areas. In recent years, the damage has been increased by the opening of shrimp ponds, leading to the reduction of mangrove areas and the disturbance of coastal tourism assets. Therefore, this study aims to explore the dilemma between the economic activities of tin mining and shrimp pond openings in coastal areas through qualitative methods using interviews, observations, and documentation. Investors manage tin and shrimp pond potentials by compensating residents. In contrast, the residents have predominantly accepted tin mining as primary employment, serving as an alternative economic opportunity for individuals previously engaged with the company. Furthermore, mangrove areas experience habitat destruction and a decrease in coastal support capacity. Tourism assets and potentials are also disrupted because of the reduction in the naturalness of coast and the disturbance of coastal habitat ecosystems. The results show that the persistence of the dilemma is due to inadequate law enforcement measures and the impartiality of village officials. Consequently, the situation remains stagnant since the parties maintain divergent perspectives without reaching an agreement. Making money and conserving is still a big challenge in saving the environment, especially when each actor chooses not to take a firm position.

Since the transition of Indonesia from the authoritarian New Order era to the more democratic Reformation Order in 1998, significant changes have occurred in leadership recruitment at the national and regional levels. There have also been substantial transition in the pattern of voter mobilization, specifically the increasing prevalence of identity politics. This study showed that each region had a different approach to incorporating identity in electoral politics. Even with the Indonesian multicultural nature and a diversity of identities, every region has unique political cultures, and acknowledges the significance of identity-related issues for achieving electoral success. Also, there was a tendency for inconsistent and double-standard positioning of identities, which biased the stance on identity and lacked neutrality. Moreover, Indonesian democracy was still perceived as naive, with identities remaining a primary electoral tool.

The objective of this study is to gain a thorough understanding of the dynamic relationship between the tin mining industry and tourism in the Bangka Belitung Province of Indonesia. This study utilizes qualitative research methods. Findings revealed that there are challenges associated with the relationship between tin mining and tourism in the Province. The process of transitioning from extraction to attraction necessitates meticulous planning and collaboration among different stakeholders, such as local communities, government entities, private enterprises, and non-governmental organizations. Ensuring the long-term sustainability of both industries requires a paramount focus on balancing economic interests with environmental protection. This study highlights the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach to sustainable development in the Bangka Belitung Province. It is crucial for policymakers to give utmost importance to responsible mining practices and implement strict environmental regulations. At the same time, they should also focus on promoting investment in tourism infrastructure and enhancing capacity building. The collaboration between the mining and tourism sectors has the potential to generate innovative solutions that can bring benefits to the local economy, while also preserving cultural heritage and safeguarding the environment.

Article 28H and section (4) of Article 33 in the Indonesian Constitution guarantee every citizen the right to a good and healthy environment with green economy. In order to implement it, the government issued Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. The environmental regulations that became the umbrella act are facing challenges both in substance and implementation. Substantially, questions remain whether the green constitution has been incarnated in this regulation, and how it positions itself as the umbrella act for a number of regulations. In implementation, the challenges include the availability of legislations, from government regulations to technical policy, and its implementation in regional level, both at the provincial and regency levels in Bangka Belitung Islands. In each regime, the environmental issues have always been a part of strategic issues. This research focused on identifying environmental regulations from upstream to downstream, and how they are implemented in the context of environmental issues due to tin mining in Bangka Belitung. Data were obtained through literature review using statute and conceptual approaches.

A region’s development planning should be carried out by referring to the strategic issues faced by the region. Thus, strategic issues become the basis upon which regional governments formulate their policies and work programs. This study examined how each region in Bangka Belitung Islands Province positioned strategic issues of ecology in its regional development planning. The current writers examined eight regional governments’ Regional Medium-Term Development Plan (RMTDP) documents; one of which belongs to the provincial government, while the rest belongs to the regency/city governments. This study found that ecological issues comprised an average 17.6% of the strategic issues in all of the planning documents, the highest of which was found in Belitung Regency’s planning document. In addition, the analysis revealed that the general focus of the strategic ecological issues was environmental damage, which was reported by three of the regions as a result of mining activities. This study provides an illustration of how each regional government is committed to take ecological issues seriously and include them in the strategic issues at the regional level.

The article deals with the organizational and technological features of construction. Currently, based on foreign and domestic experience, a significant number of regulatory and methodological documents have been developed for the use of facade systems, but these works do not fully disclose organizational and technological issues and contain only general recommendations for the production of work. In particular, the existing recommendations for the installation of facade systems, for the most part, describe the constructive solutions of facade systems, technological issues related directly to the installation of the facade system, while not disclosing in sufficient detail the organization of the construction site, the issues of choosing the necessary means of paving, the issues of standardizing the labor intensity of work, issues of quantitative and qualitative selection of the composition of workers for the production of work. The organization of construction production for the installation of hinged facade systems with an air gap during the construction of buildings is associated with coordination with general construction works. Often, construction management projects developed at the design stage are adjusted taking into account the current conditions. These changes can occur both before the start of work and during the production of work. The introduction of organizational and technological changes in the production process of work can lead to a significant decrease in technical and economic indicators. In this regard, it is relevant to resolve the issues of assessment and selection of effective organizational and technological solutions for the device of facade systems.

Chinese ethnic in Bangka Island has been there since the colonialism and has become part of tin mining history on the island. It is no wonder that the acculturation has stated for a long time ago especially in the grass root society. This study found out how is Chinese assimilation in this area using the qualitative approach. Based on the data from interviews and observations on the field, the writer found out that Chinese assimilation on the island formed a unity identity without losing their own identity. Tong Ngin Fan Ngin Tjit Tjong which means Chinese and Native, has become the grass roots’ principle and social bond among them. Since the reformation in 1998, this broadens the relation from social into electoral politics. However, the spirit of acculturation in the grass roots must be kept that it doesn’t appear to the surface. The celebration of Chinese identity recognition must be done naturally so as not to cause antipathy. The tolerance that has been practiced so far at the grassroots must be strengthened so that when conflicts of elite interests occur, relations at the grassroots level are not affected.

The satisfaction of visitors is an important part of developing tourism. Knowing satisfactory of the visitor and the dimension will be advantage and weakness of a tourism visit, stakeholders are able to figure out what must be done. This study used the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method to find out the satisfactory of visitors. There are some interesting findings in this study, such as the fact that Bangka Belitung visitors’ satisfactory is quite high, but the disparity of visitors’ satisfaction is quite high and put Belitung on the good quadrant. However, Bangka needs more concern. This study also found that supporting facilities and transportation still become a serious problem. On the other side, the value of eco-tourism has not met the standard, such as education, environment protection, and voluntarism value. The local Stakeholders need to put extra concern on supporting facilities and maintain that has been considered as good, such as the natural beauty and the locals’ hospitality.

Tourism and ecology are two important issues in regional development planning in Bangka Belitung. As an archipelago that has a productive tin mining area, environmental damage is an important issue. Not only because of the impact of damages due to mining, but the dimensions of tourism which are important sectors in this area are also affected. In recent years, local governments in the Bangka Belitung region are focusing on working on the issue of tourism by relying on the ecotourism sector as an important alternative to post-mining. This study explores how political policies are arranged in regional planning documents. The research method used was descriptive qualitative by examining the regional medium-term development planning documents in 6 districts, 1 city, and 1 provincial government in Bangka Belitung. This study found 4 things. First, that none of the regional governments listed the vision of tourism and only 1 region that included an ecological vision. Secondly, the study found that there was only one government that made the issue of tourism in the development mission and only 3 regions mentioned the ecological mission, the rest only mentioned implicitly. Third, each region places tourism and ecological issues as two different programs, not considered an issue that must be managed synergistically. Fourth, almost all regional planning documents mention tourism and ecology as regional strategic issues, but they are not balanced with a strong vision, mission, and work program as a translation. Fifth, only 4 out of 8 regions have made the issue of developing ecotourism a regional strategic issue even though it has not been followed by a strong design development in development planning. In the end, this study concluded that tourism and ecology had not been placed optimally in planning documents politically.

Tin mining generally results in massive environmental damage. This condition occurs in Bangka Belitung as an area rich in tin natural resources. Due to the environmental damage, tin mining in this area runs along with several rejection of the mine. Environmental activists will generally assist the community in carrying out resistance movements. However, environmental activists will face various dilemmas in advocacy. This paper discusses how the environmental advocacy dilemma in the tin mining community in Bangka Belitung. The study model used is a qualitative model by collecting data in the form of in-depth interviews and conservation. This study found four important things, namely: first, the tendency of society to split in two different attitudes in the context of tin mining. The gap focused on at least 10 dimensions of attitude difference. Second, the study found that the environmental advocacy movement generally centered on the aspect of rejecting the existence of tin mines in the sea and coastal areas as well as Watersheds (DAS). Third, environmental activists are always faced with intimidation and pressure from paid groups by investors. Environmental activists generally face back pressure from counter-pressure groups. Fourth, this study also found that people tended to be apathetic towards the environmental advocacy movement, some of them because they were worried about pressure and partly because they felt unaffected or directly related. The study also found that apathy also arises because of the pragmatism of the people in certain regions which are actually accommodating to tin mining.

Tin in Bangka Belitung has been exploited since 17th century; however, local people have received the opportunity in mining only in the last two decades, when the tin was not set as a state’s strategic commodity. Therefore, since the last two decades, people economic activities in this area have dramatically increased. Nevertheless, it was not as long as two decades that tin had its glory. The tin price fluctuated along with its production. However, in turn, the market has already been dependent on tin mining. Through the qualitative study having survey motive, this paper traced the answer of the key question: “Is it true that Bangka Belitung economy is a tin economy?” This study was performed in a market area selling people’s primary and tertiary needs in all regions and municipalities of Bangka Belitung Islands Province. It concluded that market dependency on tin mining was extremely high. Market has had a direct impact on the price increase and decrease of tin mining and its production. It also inferred that at least the tin mining and trader were in the same condition in that they were very depended on tin commodity. This was a consequence of the motivation of the economy from which it was initially independent, and it was at this time that it became dependent, and it was difficult to get out of this dependence. This condition was called as already dependent.

With its building infrastructure almost completely destroyed during the military conflict, modern Iraq is facing an urgent need for a number of measures to increase the quality of installation, construction and reconstruction jobs and to reduce timeframes taking into account local and climatic features. To achieve this, the priority task is to develop methods and theoretical recommendations based on the analysis of existing methods for calculating construction timeframes, ones that would most accurately reflect the influence of such factors as cement class, type and an average daily air temperature. The climatic conditions in Iraq impact negatively on the properties of hardened concrete. Specifically, concrete mixture shrinks more rapidly, which entails a change in its physico-mechanical properties and further corrosion of reinforcement bars at joints in monolithic prefabricated housing construction. This paper aims to determine factors that affect construction timeframes and quality for prefabricated reinforced concrete buildings, and to develop a model on the basis of statistical research to determine the concrete hardening time at joints in prefabricated frame housing construction.