Search

As soon as pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) is diagnosed, whether at the localised, locally advanced or metastatic stage, it is important to provide supportive care combined with the best possible antitumoral treatment. The psychological impact, in the form of anxiety-depressive disorders (ADD), affects more than one the third patients. It also affects carers, who are directly affected by their loved one's illness. Psychological symptoms often appear at an early stage in the history of the disease, and in some cases may even be the first symptom or even reveal it. TADs arise from the natural history of PA and its complications, such as pain, jaundice, anorexia and cachexia. However, biological factors may also be involved in triggering anxiety-depressive symptoms, with inflammation playing a major role. Finally, psychosocial as well as medical factors may have an influence on ADD, such as the empathy of the doctor, as perceived by the patient at the time of diagnosis, and of the healthcare team as a whole during follow-up. In this context, early diagnosis and appropriate management of the psychological impact on patients and their carers is a major challenge for their quality of life, as well as optimising adherence to anti-tumour treatments. Increased collaboration between clinicians, clinical psychologists and researchers, with the development of dedicated studies, seems an essential condition for achieving this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuromodulation is used within our discipline for the management of fecal incontinence and abdominal pain associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders. In the field of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), it appears that sacral neuromodulation has a comparable effect to that observed in healthy individuals in anal incontinence, including in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Even though vagal stimulation is a very practical tool in irritable bowel syndrome, to date, no study has evaluated its effectiveness in managing chronic abdominal pain in IBD. Transcranial stimulation, on the other hand, has demonstrated its effectiveness in this indication with a good level of evidence. On the inflammatory side, although there has been a therapeutic boom in IBDs, we have yet to shatter the glass ceiling. Some preclinical and clinical studies suggest a therapeutic potential of vagal and sacral stimulation on intestinal inflammation in IBD. Although the level of evidence from these studies remains limited, neuromodulation could represent an add-on therapy for patients insufficiently relieved by exclusive pharmacological approach. It has the advantage of being a cost-effective, safe, and easily acceptable approach for our patients. The future will tell whether we will also begin the electric transition in IBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic atrophic polychondritis is a rare condition characterized by recurrent inflammation followed by degeneration of the cartilage of the ear, nose, larynx and tracheobronchial tree. The condition results from an autoimmune reaction against as yet unknown cartilage antigens, followed by enzymatic proteolysis of the cartilage matrix. Diagnosis is clinical. The association between chronic atrophic polychondritis and ankylosing spondylitis is rare. We describe the case of a patient with ankylosing spondylitis (SpA) associated with chronic atrophic polychondritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efferocytosis is an important mechanism in the control of inflammatory processes. Efficient efferocytosis inhibits accumulation of apoptotic cells, and maintains homeostasis before the onset of necrosis, which promotes inflammation. During efferocytosis, mitochondrial fission and the oxidative stress process are linked through reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress control. Autophagy plays an important role in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, and in promoting efferocytosis by activated inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages. Autophagy in neutrophils is activated by phagocytosis of pathogens or activation of pattern recognition receptors. Autophagy is essential for major neutrophil functions, including degranulation, oxidative stress and release of neutrophil extracellular cytokines. Failed efferocytosis is a key mechanism driving the development and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Impairment of -efferocytosis in apoptotic macrophages is a determinant of atherosclerosis severity and the vulnerability of plaques to rupture. Deletion of efferocytosis pathways leads to aggravated inflammation and increased atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le but du présent travail a été d’identifier les plantes médicinales utilisées par les parents des sujets drépanocytaires pour la prise en charge de la maladie et d’évaluer l'activité anti-drépanocytaire et anti-inflammatoire des plantes les plus citées (Ipomoea batatas et Persea americana). Une enquête par la technique d’échantillonnage en boule de neige a été réalisée auprès 30 parents (25 à 89 ans d’âge). L’enquête ethno-botanique a permis de répertorier 30 espèces distribuées dans 30 genres et 25 familles botaniques. Les familles les plus représentées étaient les Fabaceae, les Acanthaceae et les Buseraceae. La florule recensée est constitué de cinq formes de vie principales notamment les arbres, les arbustes, les sous-arbustes les lianes et les herbes vivaces. Les arbres (10 espèces) et les arbustes (9 espèces) étaient dominants suivis respectivement des herbes vivaces (7 espèces); des lianes (3 espèces) et les sous-arbustes (1 espèce). Les analyses phyto-chimiques ont révélé que les feuilles de Ipomoea batatas contiennent de saponines, de polyphénols, de anthocyanes, de flavonoïdes, de quinones liées, de leucoanthocyanes, de tanins, de alcaloïdes et de stéroïdes. Par contre, les feuilles de Persea americana contiennent de saponines, des anthocyanes, de flavonoïdes, de quinones liées, de leucoanthocyanes, de tanins et de stéroïdes. Les extraits bruts hydro-alcooliques de deux plantes ont montré une activité anti-falcémiante in vitro. A la dose de 89,3 µg/mL, ces extraits sont plus actifs que le Diclofénac sodique (39,7 %). En outre, l’extrait aqueux est plus actif que l’extrait organique. Persea americana (84,3% vs 78,0 %) est plus actif en milieu aqueux tandis que Ipomoea batatas (58,3 % vs 52,0 %) est plus actif en milieu organique. Les feuilles de I. batatas sont douées des propriétés anti-drépanocytaires in vitro. La concentration minimale de normalisation (CMN), c’est-à-dire la plus faible concentration pour laquelle le taux de normalisation est maximal, a été évaluée à 30 µg/mL. Mots clés: Drépanocytose, Inflammation, Médecine Traditionnelle, Ipomoea batatas, Persea americana

The objective of this study is to determine the antiarthritic activity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Linum usitatissimum L. seeds in vitro, as well as the phytochemical screening and determination of the flavonoid and flavonol content in the extracts. Phytochemical analysis of Linum usitatissimum seeds revealed the presence of sterols, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids in the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. The flavonoid contents were 06.91 ± 0.38 and 04.85 ± 0.05 mg QE/g extract for the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts, respectively. For the flavonol assay, the contents are 04.53 ± 0.25 mg QE/g for the hydroalcoholic extract and 04.51 ± 0.03 mg QE/g for the aqueous extract. With the Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA) test, the aqueous extract showed the protective activity against BSA denaturation significantly (P < 0.05) the highest with an IC50 of 07.62 ± 1.56 mg/ml; on the other hand, the hydroalcoholic extract of Linum usitatissimum seeds is revealed significantly (P < 0.05) the most active with the egg albumin denaturation test whose IC50 recorded is 36.86 ± 2.72 mg/ml. From the results obtained, it was found that the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Linum usitatissimum seeds possess protective activity in vitro against protein denaturation, which plays a role in the training of inflammatory and arthritic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette revue de la littérature résume les publications récentes sur l'utilisation de l'imagerie thermique dans l'étude de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PR). La plupart des travaux sur la PR ont utilisé l'imagerie thermique comme un processus statique seul, mais la technique a aussi été appliquée avec une composante dynamique/fonctionnelle supplémentaire. Ont également été décrits des algorithmes destinés à automatiser l'analyse des clichés d'imagerie thermique dans la PR. Plusieurs études d'imagerie thermique dans la PR ont mis en évidence des observations thermographiques différentes entre patients atteints de PR et témoins en bonne santé, et/ou ont comparé des paramètres thermographiques à d'autres paramètres cliniques, fonctionnels ou d'imagerie. En revanche, peu d'études ont évalué le rôle de l'imagerie thermique dans la discrimination de la sévérité de la maladie. L'imagerie thermique est une technique non invasive relativement peu coûteuse, qui fournit une mesure objective de la température à la surface d'une articulation dans le cadre de l'évaluation de l'inflammation articulaire dans la PR. Malgré l'accumulation de publications sur l'utilisation de la thermographie dans la PR, des études de validation supplémentaires sont indispensables pour définir précisément ses rôles éventuels parmi les patients. La présente revue se concentre sur la littérature récente concernant l'imagerie thermique et apporte des informations à jour sur ses nouvelles applications dans la PR. This review aims to summarize the recent literature concerning the usage of thermal imaging in the study of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Most RA studies have applied thermal imaging as a static process alone although thermal imaging has been conducted with an additional dynamic/functional component. Algorithms to automate the analysis of thermal imaging in RA have also been described. Several RA thermal imaging studies have demonstrated differences in thermographic findings between RA patients and healthy controls and/or compared thermographic parameters with other clinical/functional/imaging parameters; while fewer studies have assessed the role of thermal imaging in discriminating disease severity in RA. Thermal imaging is a relatively low-cost, non-invasive imaging technique offering an objective measurement of joint surface temperature in RA joint inflammation assessment. Although there has been an increasing literature build-up on the use of thermography in RA, more validation work is still necessary to delineate the potential role(s) of its use among patients with RA. This timely review focuses on the recent literature concerning thermal imaging, and provides clinicians with an update on its recent development in RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperferritinaemia is a frequent anomaly, which is admittedly not very specific, but is also of great diagnostic value if the clinician is able to observe a certain number of interpretation rules. Physiologically, ferritin is a protein synthesised mainly by the liver and designed to store iron in the liver, macrophages and erythrocytes. Despite this, pathophysiology tells us that the increase in ferritinemia goes far beyond iron overload to encompass other factors, in particular inflammation, cell lysis and distribution abnormalities. In the vast majority of cases, the cause of hyperferritinaemia can be identified using a global approach that incorporates the ferritinaemia value, the history and the patient’s clinical and biological context, without having to go through the transferrin saturation coefficient and in-depth liver investigations. Recourse to CST, MRI, genetic tests or even liver biopsy is only necessary in rare situations where the most obvious causes cannot be identified. Finally, recent years have seen the arrival of other entities, in particular SARS-COV2 infection, where ferritin has proved to be of great value both diagnostically and prognostically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease which represents the first cause of intrahepatic cholestasis. The aim of our work is to study the clinical, evolutionary and prognostic profile of PBC. This is a descriptive retrospective study collecting all the cases of PBC followed in our training from January 2010 until January 2020. We have identified all the clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. For the results, fifty-eight cases of PBC were collected. They were women in 92% of cases. The average age was 57.8 years. The average diagnostic delay was 7 months. Cirrhosis was found in 48% of cases. The circumstances of discovery were pruritus (46%), jaundice (24%), asthenia (15%), ascites (10%) and upper gastrointestinal bleeding (5%). Cholestasis was found in all our patients. Anti-mitochondria type M2 antibodies were positive in 91% of cases. 34% of our patients had associated autoimmune diseases. The liver biopsy puncture was performed in 15% of cases in front of a seronegative PBC and suspicion of overlapping syndrome (CS). It revealed different lesions, mainly interface hepatitis, lesions of the bile ducts, ductopenia and granulomas. CS was found in 13 cases (24%). The treatment was based on the prescription of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), in combination with corticosteroid therapy for cases of overlap syndrome. The response rate to the UDCA was 62%. Seven patients died from decompensated cirrhosis.Our study shows the frequency of cirrhosis at the time of PBC diagnosis may explain the low response rate to UDCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End-stage renal failure in hemodialysis patients is the pathological entity most associated with accelerated arterial aging. More recently, a link has been established between arterial stiffness and coagulation. The pathophysiology is characterized by early endothelial damage, a common feature of these two phenotypes. At a later stage of renal disease, arterial stiffness develops, in concert with atherothrombotic lesions. This results in a biological profile typical of a pro-thrombotic state. Anticoagulant therapy is not justified in primary prevention, due to the inherent hemorrhagic risk associated with renal disease. For this reason, the thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk of kidney disease has not yet been translated into clear therapeutic recommendations for either arterial stiffness or coagulation. In this review, we will address the clinical and biological issues of such a mechanistic association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An overview analysis highlighting the possibilities of solving the problem of preventing the formation of an obesoand diabetogenic environment, preventing inflammatory processes in adipose tissue, imbalance in the mechanisms of neuroendocrine interactions of relationships based on an integrated approach, characterized by a harmonious combination of individualized correction of the applied diet with hypothermic stimulation.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a rare but very serious condition, mainly affecting young women. In addition to the neurological complications well described in the literature, other medical complications affecting other organs may arise, increasing the vulnerability of these patients. These extra-neurological manifestations, the result of catecholaminergic stress and the systemic inflammatory response, may be cardiovascular, pulmonary or metabolic in nature. Indeed, with advances in the endovascular and surgical management of intracranial aneurysms, these extra-neurological complications will have an increasingly important impact on the outcome of patients with SAH. The aim of our study is to evaluate the frequency of medical complications, their risk factors, and their impact on outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of cytosolic pathological nucleic acids is a key step for the initiation of innate immune responses. In the past decade, the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) adaptor protein has emerged as a central platform enabling the activation of inflammatory responses in the presence of cytosolic DNAs. This has prompted a plethora of approaches aiming at modulating STING activation in order to boost or inhibit inflammatory responses. However, recent work has revealed that STING is also a direct regulator of metabolic homeostasis. In particular, STING regulates lipid metabolism directly, a function that is conserved throughout evolution. This indicates that STING targeting strategies must take into consideration potential metabolic side effects that may alter disease course, but also suggests that targeting STING may open the route to novel treatments for metabolic disorders. Here we discuss recent work describing the metabolic function of STING and the implications of these findings.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are characterized by uncontrolled activation of intestinal immune cells in a genetically susceptible host. Due to the progressive and destructive nature of the inflammatory process in IBD, complications such as fibrosis, stenosis or cancer are frequently observed, which highlights the need for effective anti-inflammatory therapy. Studies have identified altered trafficking of immune cells and pathogenic immune cell circuits as crucial drivers of mucosal inflammation and tissue destruction in IBD. From a drug survival point of view, therapeutic choice result of the right association between efficacy, tolerance and acceptability of each treatment and according to reimbursement rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Canine & Féline is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of basil and carob in traditional medicine to address inflammation and oxidative stress reflects a long-standing practice rooted in folk medicine. This study was conducted to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a rosmarinic acid-rich extract of Ocimum basilicum (RAE) combined with a carob aqueous extract (CAE). Paw edema in rats and vascular permeability in mice were measured to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect. The assessment of lipoprotein oxidation was carried out by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances as well as determining the scavenging activity towards lipoperoxyl radicals and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The combination (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and vascular permeability in mice (p

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity (in vivo) using the method of the edema inflammation caused by the injection of carrageenan of the aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts prepared from Thymus vulgaris L., Olea europaea L. and Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves as well as the phytochemical screening of these extracts. The extracts of the plants tested showed in vivo an activity against the inflammation induced by the injection of carrageenan with percentages of inflammation inhibition ranging up to 86.88 ± 5.03% with the hydro-alcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris leaves. In light of these results, we suggest the use of these plants or their components in the prevention of several pathologies including gastric inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that enteroviruses (EV) and particularly coxsackieviruses B (CVB) are likely to trigger or accelerate the onset of islet autoimmunity and the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in genetically susceptible individuals. Several mutually non-exclusive mechanisms have been proposed to explain the involvement of CVB in the pathogenesis of T1D. CVB can infect and persist in the intestine, thymic cells, monocytes/macrophages, ductal cells and pancreatic β-cells, which leads to structural or functional alterations of these cells. A chronic inflammatory response and disruption of tolerance towards β-cells due to CVB infections are able to promote the recruitment and activation of pre-existing autoreactive T-cells and the destruction of β-cells. Vaccine or therapeutic strategies to control EV infections have been developed and open perspectives for the prevention or treatment of T1D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annales Françaises de Médecine d'Urgence is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nouveau Praticien Vétérinaire Élevages et Santé is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pain is a hallmark of acute inflammation following infection-induced tissue damage. In normal conditions, pain perception decreases a few days after infection, when antigen-primed T lymphocytes accumulate within the inflammatory site. This endogenous regulation of inflammatory pain is dependent on the peripheral inhibition of nociceptor firing by T-cell-derived opioids. This phenomenon could explain why some patients with inflammatory bowel diseases do not suffer from abdominal pain or why visceral pain is not always a clinical feature at the disease onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whipple's disease is a rare disease linked to chronic infection with the intracellular gram-positive bacterium, Tropheryma whipplei. The clinical signs suggestive of this disease are the association of unexplained fever, lymphadenopathy, gastroenterological disorders (malabsorption) and inflammatory joint disorders (arthritis). However, isolated cardiological, neurological or ophthalmological forms have been described. We report the rare case of a 56-year-old patient complaining of floaters and recent visual loss, who presented with bilateral panuveitis in the absence of any systemic disorder. Clinical examination showed inflammation of the anterior segment, vitritis, inflammatory optic disc edema, focal retinitis, and venous vasculitis in both eyes. We describe the clinical characteristics and ancillary findings of the disease (fundus photos, visual field, auto-fluorescence, macular OCT, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography). The diagnosis was made with the blood (T. whipplei) PCR test and with the help of accessory salivary gland biopsies. We describe the work-up leading to the diagnosis of Whipple's disease, the laboratory tests, and the recommended extended work-up. The patient's course was marked by complete resolution of the symptoms and clinical signs within a few months following corticosteroid therapy (1mg/kg/day) combined with hydroxychloroquine (600mg per day for 1 year) and life-long doxycycline therapy (200mg per day). In conclusion, this is a rare disease which should be discussed when dealing with steroid-resistant and/or steroid-dependent chronic uveitis with a negative work-up (especially in the presence of joint and/or digestive involvement)., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Patients treated with immunotherapy might need surgical procedures in addition to the medical treatment. The main indications are cytoreductive nephrectomy, cystectomy (as part of clinical trials) and metastasis removal in some oligometastatic patients. This study aims to assess the feasibility of surgery for patients treated by immunotherapy and describes the histological modifications found in the pathological analysis., Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, monocentric study. We included all patients operated for a urologic cancer and previously treated with systemic immunotherapy between February 2018 and June 2022. We compared this population with a control group of patients treated with surgery without having previous immunotherapy. Patients were compared according to the cancer type, age and sex. We compared perioperative complications. We performed an analysis for evaluation of the peri-tumoral inflammatory infiltration., Results: We included 50 patients in this study. The two groups were comparable in age (63.7 vs. 63.3years old, P=0.95) and sex (4 and 6 women in the first and second group). The peroperatory complication rate was comparable (20% vs. 16%, P=1). The mean bleeding volume was comparable (664 vs. 629mL; P=0.89). The postoperative complication rate (48% vs. 56%; P=0.78) and their grade (Clavien III-IV 8% vs. 24%; P=0.24) were comparable. The anatomopathological analysis described the same rate and intensity of peri-tumoral inflammatory infiltrate (96% vs. 96%; P=1)., Conclusions: Preoperative immunotherapy does not appear to be associated with increased surgical difficulty and perioperative complications. Blind histological analysis of the surgical specimens did not reveal any specific features related to pre operative immunotherapy., Level of Evidence: Grade 3 HAS., (Copyright © 2024 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency is a genetic disease characterized by an increased production of 2,8 dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) precipitating in urine, leading to a crystalline nephropathy and end-stage renal disease. Here, we describe the high prevalence of granuloma (88%) in biopsies from patients with APRT deficiency. A murine model of 2,8-DHA nephropathy was generated, showing that anakinra or dexamethasone, combined with allopurinol, improved renal function to a larger extent than allopurinol alone, the standard therapy. Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of 2,8-DHA nephropathy, and therapy based upon drugs targeting innate immunity could improve renal function recovery.

Urinary supersaturation is important for crystallization and likely cause of stone formation on ductal plugs. Formation of idiopathic stones that develop on Randall’s plaques in the presence of low supersaturation is, however, dependent upon immunological responses of the kidneys. Experimental data suggests osteogenic and inflammatory processes playing pivotal role in plaque formation and its exposure to the pelvic urine which is necessary for stone development. Inflammatory and crystallization modulating molecules are released into the urine, becoming incorporated within the crystals and stones as organic matrix. Many of these molecules play roles in both inflammation and crystallization.

Résumé: Introduction. Une interprétation fiable de l'albuminémie est essentielle pour l'évaluation nutritionnelle biologique (ENB) de la personne âgée. L'objectif principal était d'évaluer si une formule de correction proposée en cas d'inflammation prolongée pouvait être extrapolée aux situations d'inflammation biologique aiguës : albuminémie corrigée = albuminémie dosée + protéine C réactive (CRP)/25. Méthode. Cette étude observationnelle prospective monocentrique incluait des patients âgés hospitalisés de manière non programmée au CHU Grenoble-Alpes. Un recueil clinique et biologique était réalisé à J1 et J8. Le critère de jugement principal était la comparaison de l'albuminémie corrigée par la formule à J1 avec l'albuminémie dosée à J8. Résultat. Parmi 175 patients analysés, la moyenne de la CRP était de 64 mg/L (3 ; 324) à J1 et 24 mg/L (3 ; 99) à J8. Entre l'albuminémie corrigée à J1 et l'albuminémie dosée à J8, la corrélation était de p = 0,58, [IC 95 % : 0,47 ; 0,67], p < 0,001, et la différence moyenne de 2,9 mg/L (-13,5 ; 18), IC 95 %[-3,68 ; -2,20], p < 0,001. Entre l'albuminémie dosée à J1 et l'albuminémie dosée à J8, la corrélation était de p = 0,74, IC 95 % [0,66 ; 0,80], p < 0,001, et la différence moyenne de 0,4 mg/L (-14 ; 11), IC 95 % [-0,24 ; 1,02], p = 0,23. Discussion. La formule proposée ne peut pas être extrapolée aux situations d'inflammation biologique aiguës au cours desquelles l'albuminémie dosée semble être stable. L'albuminémie dosée pourrait servir telle quelle de référence à l'ENB, en s'intégrant dans une histoire clinique. Introduction. A reliable interpretation of albumin is essential for the elderly's biological nutritional assessment (BNA), but is complex because many parameters change it. The main objective was to evaluate the extrapolation of a correction formula proposed for prolonged inflammation to acute biological inflammation situations: corrected albuminemia = measured albuminemia + CRP/25. Method. This prospective, single-center observation study included patients over 65 years of age who were unexpectedly hospitalized in geriatrics and internal medicine at Grenoble University Hospital, excluding carriers of active neoplasia, hepatic insufficiency, nephrotic syndrome, and those for whom a ABI persisted on the eighth day. A clinical and biological collection was made on the first and eighth days. The primary endpoint was the comparison of albuminemia corrected by the formula on day 1 with measured albuminemia on day 8. Results. One hundred and seventy-five patients were analyzed. The average CRP was 64 (3; 324) mg/L on day 1 and 24 (3; 99) mg/L on day 8. Between corrected albumin at day 1 and albumin at day 8, the correlation was ρ = 0.58, 95%CI [0.47; 0.67], P < 0.001, and the mean difference of 2.9 (-13,5; 18) mg/L, 95%CI [-3.68;-2.20], P < 0.001. Between D1 albumin and D8 albumin, the correlation was ρ = 0.74, 95%CI [0.66; 0.80], P < 0.001, and the mean difference of 0.4 (-14; 11) mg/L, 95%CI [-0.24; 1.02], P = 0.23. Discussion. The proposed formula cannot be extrapolated to acute inflammatory situations. Measured albuminemia appears to be stable during acute biological inflammation situations. Measured albuminemia could be used as a reference for BNA, integrated into a clinical history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curcumin is a polyphenolic compound with multiple beneficial effects in human health. It has shown a remarkable anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. The limitations of curcumin are primarily in its bioavailability. Curcumin nanoparticles is suggested to reduce the limitation of bulk curcumin and probably enhance its desired effect. Curcumin was turned into nanoparticles by using simple wet-milling method. The characterization of curcumin nanoparticles indicated the presence of curcumin in size less than 100 nm. The effect of both curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles on wound healing was investigated in rabbits, in paraffin wax. Rabbits whom under curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles have shown faster healing from day 5 compared to control rabbits whom showed a proximate advancement after day 7. On day 14, rabbits whom treated with bulk and nanosized curcumin have shown a perfect healing with no sign of infection. Furthermore, both bulk and nanosized curcumin have shown a comparable antioxidant effect with ascorbic acid. Furthermore, curcumin nanoparticles were exhibited a slightly powerful antioxidant effect compared to curcumin.

Résumé: La fièvre de la vallée du Rift (FVR) est une arbovirose émergente majeure possédant un cycle de transmission complexe. Le virus de la FVR (RVFV) est transmis aux élevages de ruminants par des moustiques vecteurs, provoquant des épizooties, puis de l'animal à l'Homme, déclenchant alors des épidémies. Au cours de son cycle, le RVFV infecte une large gamme d'hôtes, la pathogenèse associée soulevant de nombreuses questions. Malgré un tropisme principalement hépatique, le RVFV a également un tropisme multicellulaire induisant un effet physiopathologique dans de nombreux tissus. Un tableau clinique commun est habituellement retrouvé (hépatite sévère, hémorragies, leucopénie) mais une variabilité interspécifique a également été décrite. Ainsi, certaines formes sont principalement retrouvées chez l'Homme (atteintes neurologiques et oculaires) ou dans les élevages de ruminants (vagues d'avortements). Bien que les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués soient encore mal connus, il semblerait que la sévérité de la pathologie soit liée à la réponse inflammatoire précoce. De même, la pathogenèse du RVFV semble être soumise à de nombreux facteurs responsables d'une variabilité inter-individuelle importante dans la sévérité de l'infection. Devant l'absence de traitement spécifique, il semble primordial de mieux comprendre la pathogenèse du RVFV. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a major emerging arboviral disease with a complex epidemiological cycle. RVF virus (RVFV) is transmitted by mosquito vectors to ruminants, causing epizootics, and then from animals to humans, triggering epidemics. During its cycle, RVFV infects a wide range of hosts, but the associated pathogenesis has yet to be elucidated. RVFV displays a predominant hepatic tropism, but also has a multicellular tropism inducing physiopathological effects in several tissues. However, there is variability between species in terms of physiopathology : a common clinical picture is found (severe hepatitis, hemorrhages, leukopenia), but certain forms are mainly found in humans (neurological and ocular damage) or in ruminant herds (waves of abortions). Although the molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly understood, it seems that early inflammatory response is related to the severity of the pathology. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of RVFV seems essential, especially since no specific treatment exists to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Dans les formes sévères de la Covid-19, les réponses inflammatoires exacerbées, les dommages tissulaires subséquents, ainsi que les évènements thromboemboliques ou immunothrombotiques déclenchés par le Sars-Cov-2 sont les principales causes d'insuffisance respiratoire et de décès. Il est connu que les filets du neutrophile (NET), libérés lors d'un processus appelé NETose, peuvent se former dans les poumons suite à une infection par des virus respiratoires. Ces structures extracellulaires ont la capacité de provoquer des lésions pulmonaires et de favoriser la formation de thrombi et la fibrose, complications majeures de la Covid-19 sévère. Dans une étude récente, nous avons cherché à comprendre comment la NETose pouvait être liée aux changements immunopathologiques pulmonaires associés à des cas mortels de la maladie. Nous avons recherché ces structures NET dans les biopsies pulmonaires post-mortem de patients Covid-19. Nous avons ensuite analysé leur localisation dans les lésions et dans les différents compartiments micro-anatomiques des poumons. À cette fin, nous avons effectué une coloration par immunofluorescence de la myéloperoxydase, de l'histone citrullinée H3 et de l'acide nucléique (DAPI) sur des coupes de biopsies pulmonaires incluses dans la paraffine de quatre patients Covid-19 et de quatre patients décédés d'une cause non liée à la Covid-19. Les premiers représentaient des cas prototypiques graves et mortels de la Covid-19, caractérisés par une pneumonie et une insuffisance respiratoire fatale associées à une inflammation systémique, une neutrophilie et une coagulopathie. Nous avons détecté des NET dans les poumons de chaque patient Covid-19. Une analyse histopathologique détaillée a révélé de larges zones d'infiltration de NET dans plusieurs compartiments pulmonaires correspondant aux microthrombi artériolaires, aux zones inflammatoires riches en neutrophiles de l'interstitium pulmonaire ainsi qu'aux alvéoles ou bronchioles où elles étaient souvent colocalisées avec des dépôts occlusifs de fibrine. Une autre étude, publiée simultanément à la nôtre, a fourni les premières preuves expérimentales de l'existence d'un lien causal possible entre la NETose et les lésions pulmonaires. Même si l'implication des NET dans les évènements thrombotiques associés à la Covid-19 n'a pas encore été démontrée, ces données soutiennent l'hypothèse selon laquelle les NET représenteraient des acteurs clé des complications pulmonaires associées à la maladie. Elles suggèrent également que le ciblage des NET pourrait représenter des voies potentielles pour le traitement des réponses inflammatoires et thrombotiques à l'infection par le Sars-Cov -2. In severe Covid-19, hyperinflammatory tissue-damaging, thromboembolic or immunothrombotic responses triggered by Sars-Cov-2 are major causes of respiratory failure and death. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), released by activated neutrophils during a process called NETosis, can be formed in the lungs upon infection with respiratory viruses. They have the ability to promote lung damage, thrombosis and fibrosis, three cardinal features encountered in severe Covid-19. In a recent study, we sought to understand how NETosis could relate to lung immunopathological changes associated with fatal cases of the disease. We assessed whether NET structures could be identified in post-mortem lung biopsies from Covid-19 patients, and whether they were located in particular lesions and micro-anatomical lung compartments. We performed immunofluorescence staining of myeloperoxidase, citrullinated histone H3 and nuclear acid (DAPI) on sections of paraffin-embedded lung biopsies from four Covid-19 patients who succumbed Covid-19 and from four patients who died from a Covid-19-unrelated cause. The four patients represented prototypical severe and fatal cases of Covid-19, characterized by pneumonia and fatal respiratory distress associated with signs of systemic inflammation, neutrophilia and coagulopathy. NETs were uniquely detected in the lungs of each Covid-19 patient. Detailed histopathological analysis revealed widely distributed NET-infiltrating areas encompassing several lung compartments, including arteriolar microthrombi, neutrophil-rich inflammatory areas of lung interstitium as well as alveoli or bronchioles where they often co-localized with occluding fibrin-rich deposits. Another study published simultaneously to ours provides first experimental evidence for causality between NETosis and lung injury in severe Covid-19. However, the possible involvement of NETs in thrombogenesis remains to be addressed. Notwithstanding, these data support the hypothesis that NETs may represent drivers of Covid-19-associated severe pulmonary complications, and suggest that NET-targeting approaches could represent potential avenues for the treatment of uncontrolled tissue-damaging, thrombotic or fibrotic responses to Sars-Cov-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR), the ratio of platelets to lymphocytes (PLR), the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes (MLR), and mean platelet volume (MPV) are considered novel inflammatory markers. We stated a hypothesis that apart from C-reactive protein (CRP) level, also NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPV are higher in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA, where both skin and joints are involved) than in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) Material and Methods: Our study is based on a retrospective analysis. We collected laboratory data, namely CRP levels as well as a total blood count, and calculated the following additional parameters: NLR, PLR, MLR, and MPVLR (mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio). For all data, two groups of patients were compared: PsV with N=80 and PsA with N=80. Results: CRP levels were significantly higher in PsA patients compared with those in PsV patients (median PsV – 19.43 nmol/L vs median PsA – 37.90 nmol/L, p=0.001). Similarly, both NLR and PLR were higher in PsA patients than in PsV patients (NLR, median PsV – 2.0 vs median PsA – 2.28, p=0.030; PLR, median PsV – 111.61 vs median PsA – 121.85, p=0.027). Moreover, for patients with psoriatic arthritis a weak to moderate positive correlation between C-reactive protein levels and WBC, neutrophils count, monocytes count, platelets count, NLR, PLR, and MLR was observed. CONCLUSIONS: CRP levels are higher in patients with PsA than in patients with PsV, which can be helpful in predicting arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Furthermore, similar information can be obtained from a blood count. In particular, NLR and PLR are simple predictors which can indicate ongoing joint inflammation in patients with psoriasis, hence they can be used as an alternative to the CRP level.

Résumé: L'infection respiratoire causée par le coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2), maintenant nommée Covid-19 (pour coronavirus disease 2019), a été qualifiée de pandémie en 2020. L'infection par le Sars-CoV-2 peut conduire à une réponse immunitaire inadaptée, et en particulier à une amplification de la réponse inflammatoire responsable d'une aggravation clinique chez 5 à 10 % des patients atteints de Covid-19. Les patients qui présentent une pneumonie sévère sont susceptibles de développer une hypoxémie nécessitant une assistance ventilatoire invasive ainsi que des complications thrombotiques macrocirculatoires et/ou microcirculatoires. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2), has now spread to all continents. About 5-10 % of Covid-19 patients require intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation. Critically ill Covid-19 patients are prone to develop hypoxia, excessive inflammation and frequent thrombotic manifestations affecting both the macrocirculation and the microcirculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biologie Aujourd'hui is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a severe liver dysfunction with complex pathological mechanisms and rapid development. MiRNAs have been identified as promising biomarkers for human disease screening and monitoring. This study focused on evaluating the clinical significance of miR-224-5p in PALF and revealing its potential molecular mechanism in regulating liver cell injury. This study enrolled 103 children with PALF and 55 healthy children without liver diseases. Serum miR-224-5p levels were compared between the two groups, and their clinical significance was estimated by analyzing the correlation with clinicopathological features and outcomes of PALF children. In vitro, a normal liver cell was treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cell growth and inflammation were assessed by CCK8 and ELISA assay. Upregulated miR-224-5p in PALF showed significance in screening PALF children from healthy children with the sensitivity and specificity of 78.64% and 84.47%, respectively. Increasing serum miR-224-5p in PALF children was closely associated with increasing prothrombin time, alanine transaminase, international normalized ratio, total bilirubin, ammonia, and aspartic transaminase and decreasing albumin of PALF children. MiR-224-5p was also identified as a risk factor for adverse outcomes in children with PALF. In LPS-treated liver cells, miR-224-5p could negatively regulate ZBTB20, and silencing miR-224-5p could alleviate the inhibited cell growth and promoted inflammation by LPS, which was reversed by ZBTB20 knockdown. Increasing miR-224-5p distinguished PALF children, predict severe disease development and risk of adverse prognosis. miR-224-5p also reguled LPS-induced liver cell injury via negatively regulating ZBTB20.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is the main pathology in lung circulation, characterized by increased pressure in pulmonary arteries and ultimately resulting in right heart failure with potentially fatal outcomes. Given the current lack of available curative treatments, it is of paramount importance to identify novel therapeutic targets. Due to its involvement in pulmonary arterial remodeling, hyperreactivity, and inflammation, our explorations have focused on the nerve growth factor (NGF), offering promising avenues for innovative therapeutic approaches., (Copyright © 2024 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The fields of neutrophil and endothelial cell biology are being deeply revised. While lung marginated neutrophils have been identified decades ago, their roles in the healthy adult lung are still contentious. Furthermore, while it is now clear that the lung constitutes an important immunological niche, the role of lung endothelial cells has been neglected so far. A better understanding of the role of short-lived neutrophils in contributing to lung endothelial cell physiology will improve our understanding of lung endothelial cell fate and heterogeneity under homeostasis and inflammation. Furthermore, it will provide new mechanistic insights on lung marginated neutrophil function and crosstalk with endothelial cells and provide robust foundations for devising therapeutic approaches in which endothelial cell (dys)functions are involved.

Botriomycoma, also called pyogenic granuloma, is a common benign skin lesion that usually forms as a result of skin irritation. Although it is considered benign, its potential appearance as a malignant tumor can cause great concern in patients and lead to demand for prompt treatment. This article reviews the current knowledge about this lesion, including its possible causes, clinical manifestations, and treatment options., Competing Interests: les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Chronic Granulomatosis Disease (CGD) is an inherited immune deficiency due to a mutation in the genes coding for the subunits of the NADPH oxidase enzyme that affects the oxidative capacity of phagocytic cells. It is characterized by increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, particularly Aspergillus, as well as complications associated with hyperinflammation and granulomatous tissue infiltration. There exist two types of frequently encountered pulmonary manifestations: (1) due to their being initially pauci-symptomatic, possibly life-threatening infectious complications are often discovered at a late stage. Though their incidence has decreased through systematic anti-bacterial and anti-fungal prophylaxis, they remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality; (2) inflammatory complications consist in persistent granulomatous mass or interstitial pneumoniae, eventually requiring immunosuppressive treatment. Pulmonary complications recurring since infancy generate parenchymal and bronchial sequelae that impact functional prognosis. Hematopoietic stem cell allograft is a curative treatment; it is arguably life-sustaining and may limit the morbidity of the disease. As a result of improved pediatric management, life expectancy has increased dramatically. That said, new challenges have appeared with regard to adults: difficulties of compliance, increased inflammatory manifestations, acquired resistance to anti-infectious therapies. These different developments underscore the importance of the transition period and the need for multidisciplinary management., (Copyright © 2024 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Un appendice épiploïque est une formation graisseuse sous séreuse pédiculée de la surface externe du colon, recouverte de péritoine. La vascularisation est terminale. La localisation préférentielle est le colon gauche. Une appendagite, ou torsion de frange épiploïque, est une inflammation isolée d'un appendice épiploïque. La tomodensitométrie objective une: masse de densité graisseuse intra-péritonéale, accolée au colon, souvent ovale, bien limitée par un fin liseré de densité plus élevée, réhaussé après injection de produit de contraste iodé (« small ovoid fatty mass » avec un « ring sign »).

Résumé: Nous vous proposons une revue de littérature avec les dernières actualités concernant la maladie de Horton ou artérite à cellules géantes, tant sur le plan diagnostique que sur le plan thérapeutique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis is a chronic disease which can be asymptomatic or causes pelvic pain and/or an infertility. Relation between endometriosis and infertility is clearly demonstrated but pathological mechanisms could be multiples. Impairment of fertilization, implantation and ovarian reserve are mainly implied, as a result of a chronic inflammation state, hormonal changes and consequences of surgical treatment. Other mechanisms can be involved related to tubal anomalies because of intraperitoneal adhesions or the frequent association with adenomyosis. Moreover, dyspareunia can also interfere with fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pandemic produced by COVID-19 has surprised almost all health and socio-economic systems worldwide with its high degree of infectivity and mortality. In short time we have learned many aspects of the epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical aspects of the virus responsible, SARS-Cov-2, and the disease it induces. COVID-19 is known to produce in some patients the development of an excessive immune response and hyperinflammation, damaging various organs and sometimes causing death. There is no effective treatment available at the moment, other than life support, and for this reason different revealing therapeutic options are being tested but pending confirmation of their effectiveness and safety in well-designed clinical trials. We describe the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Acupuncture, as well as its preclinical and clinical effectiveness in different conditions that have some similarities to the severe forms of COVID-19. The proven biological plausibility of acupuncture, together with its acceptable level of clinical effectiveness and safety, make this medical technical procedure an option to try in this health emergency situation. We propose an adjusted classification of the clinical presentation of COVID-19 and an appropriate adjuvant Acupuncture protocol for each phase of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biologie Aujourd'hui is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This congress shared 3 main topics: inflammation - especially in the rehabilitation phase, fires and smoke inhalation, and flaps in sequelae. The first is reported by Valérie Chauvineau, the second by Ronan Le Floch and the third by Louise Pasquesoone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Mme X, 21 ans, nous consulte car elle présente une sensation de cuisson, et une chaleur au niveau d'un tatouage réalisé la veille. Elle est allée voir un tatoueur ayant pignon sur rue dans sa ville. Cependant, elle a peur d'avoir un problème infectieux suite à la réalisation de cet acte. Cliniquement, nous mettons en évidence une plage érythémateuse très homogène tout autour de son tatouage. En fait cette réaction est très fréquente et correspond à une réaction inflammatoire secondaire à la réalisation de son tatouage. Ms. X, 21, consults us because it has a feeling of cooking, and heat at a tattoo done the day before. She went to see a tattoo artist who was well established in his city. However, she is afraid of having an infectious problem following the realization of this act. Clinically, we highlight a very homogeneous erythematous beach all around his tattoo. In fact this reaction is very common, and corresponds to an inflammatory reaction secondary to the realization of his tattoo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]