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The transient spectral element method can be understood as a specific high-order finite element method that is particularly accurate and fast with a low memory footprint, hence enabling 3D ultrasonic testing simulations on a standard PC. However, particular care must be taken in its settings when seeking both practicality and performance. In comparison, fast semi-analytical simulation using ray tracing is easily accessible to nondestructive testing experts, through the CIVA simulation software. Although this approximate model effectively deals with a wide range of industrial applications, it reaches its limits in certain cases, particularly at relatively low frequencies involving resonance phenomena. To deal with these challenging inspection configurations, CEA-List is working on dedicated finite element models in the CIVA framework to meet specific needs in a compromise between efficiency and accuracy. The case study considered in partnership with SLB perfectly illustrates the benefits of developing such a modelling approach. SLB provides cased-well imaging services using ultrasonic resonance methods to evaluate oil and gas well integrity. Defective cased wells have irregularities, such as corroded casings with pitting, localized cement debonding and channelings. Simulated ultrasonic signals of the actual wells are useful to understand the measurements and are available by finite element modelling with sufficient accuracy. However, the associated computational costs for numerous model cases limit the building of the model database as the digital twin of the actual well logging. The development strategy of dedicated hybrid finite element applications adopted by CEA-List is presented in broad outline. Cross-model comparisons on a reference configuration of pristine cases are presented, highlighting the effective limits of standard CIVA ray models. The contribution offered by the new hybrid finite element approach is then discussed. We discuss the evolution of model functionalities to handle geometries that differ from the canonical case (interface defects, loss of thickness in arbitrary geometries, etc.) from the perspective of a digital twin of this control.

To analyse the interaction between the indoor environment and the human body, various computer-simulated persons (CSP) which can treat specific characteristics of the human body have been suggested as a “digital twin” for experimental thermal manikin. However, previous studies simplified or ignored the reproduction of the clothing function. In this study, a digital twin based on ANDI thermal manikin integrated with a multi-node thermoregulation model was developed in a naked and clothed state. In addition, to validate the prediction accuracy of numerical thermoregulatory analysis coupled with CSPCFD simulation, the analysis results were compared with the experimental results using thermal manikin. The computational model was generated based on 3D scan data of ANDI manikin and clothe. Moreover, the user subroutine program for coupled simulation of CSP and Fiala thermoregulation model was developed and applied into CSP to estimate the heat generation by metabolism, heat transfer between layers and parts, and skin surface temperature. CFD analysis was performed using CSP under identical environmental condition with the experiment, by setting CFD boundary conditions based on the data measured in the experiment. Through a series of numerical analyses, we confirmed that the analysis result of CSP corresponds well with experimental results using thermal manikin.

L’exposition d’art dans des paysages est devenu populaire au Japon, avec la multiplication récente de festivals d’art locaux. Dans ces festivals, qui attirent chacun des centaines de milliers de visiteurs, coexistent des œuvres hétérogènes. Certaines sont des sculptures autonomes, d’autres des installations qui se fondent dans le paysage, et d’autres encore sont des œuvres de type « art relationnel ». Bien que ces œuvres in situ affirment leur lien essentiel avec le site naturel rural et avec le corps du spectateur — constituant un événement, une expérience, une rencontre éphémère —, les relations avec le site comme avec le visiteur sont complexes et ambigües. Il y a des œuvres in situ, mais parfois aussi in aliquo situ : des œuvres qui peuvent être installées n’importe où. Qu’est-ce qui attire les visiteurs dans ces expositions ? Quels sont donc la nature et le mérite de leur localisation ? Si les visiteurs apprécient de voir des œuvres dans ces paysages cela peut être en partie lié au principe japonais traditionnel d’expérience des lieux dit meisho-meguri, ou « pèlerinage vers des sites célèbres ». Cette pratique issue du Moyen Âge est associée historiquement au sacré. Aujourd’hui ce pèlerinage prend la forme du tourisme moderne mais conserve un sens traditionnel invisible car les visiteurs se déplacent à travers une série de lieux géographiques selon un jeu culturellement codé. Selon nous, dans le cas des visites d’œuvres d’art en zones rurales, l’appréciation des œuvres d’art participe à ce même jeu traditionnel de se déplacer physiquement dans une série de lieux. Cette dimension spirituelle implicite modifie à son tour la perception des œuvres. Ainsi on dira que la pratique japonaise de visiter ces expositions d’art in situ témoigne de la survivance d’une tradition, et constitue ainsi un système alternatif d’expérience esthétique.

This article, the text of a lecture given to the Foreign Correspondents’ Club of Japan in March 2013, looks back at the intellectual history of Japan in the Tokugawa Period and at the beginning of the Meiji Era.

The units of landscape in the Cocama and Ticuna agriculture, in the upper River Solimões, are characterized by productionarrangements and management of natural resources. This paper aims to characterize these agro-ecological based practices,the landscaped results and its regional applicability. The survey was conducted in Novo Paraíso, at Bom Intento Island,and in Nova Aliança, both located in the municipality of Benjamin Constant, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The social andeconomic organization of Ticuna and Cocama Peoples is founded on kinship and communal ownership of natural resources,including spaces for gathering. Family units, despite their weak linkages with the market and its rules, have in the logicof reciprocity the motivation for the production, transmission and management of resources and factors of production.The landscapes are reconstructed by agro-ecological production derived from ethno-knowledge and correspond to theinherent processes of management and conservation of flora and fauna. This process allows the existence of compleximbrications of constantly changing landscapes in which forms of production are recreated for sufficiency and sustainability.

In response to Japan’s increase on coal dependence, co-firing of woody biomass in a coal power plant has been considered as the most feasible sustainable alternative. We propose torrefaction as an effective method to improve the quality of biomass fuel. To measure how much CO2 can be avoided by utilizing torrefied fuel, Life Cycle CO2 (LCCO2) of woody biomass co-firing in the Japanese coal power plant was conducted in this study. As a comparative analysis in the LCCO2, scenarios constructed included the use of woody biomass in the form of chip, pellet, and torrefied fuel. Due to the unavailability of large quantity domestic feedstocks in Japan, Indonesia was chosen as the origin of the imported woody biomass in the simulated scenarios. The results showed that significant CO2 reduction could be achieved especially in the co-firing that includes torrefied fuel. In the case where 30cal% of torrefied fuel or 5cal% of pellets were used for co-firing in a 50 MW capacity coal power plant, 95,000 t of CO2 could be avoided annually compared to using 100% coal.

When dermatologists see acquired and wellcircumscribed pigmented macules on the palm, dorsal hand or forearm of the elderly, they tend to consider blue nevus, hematoma, nevus cell nevus and malignant melanoma as differential diagnoses [1].

Carbohydrates or glycans are major cellular macromolecules, working for a variety of vital biological functions. Due to long-term efforts by experimentalists, the current number of structurally different, determined carbohydrates has exceeded 10,000 or more. As a result data mining-based approaches for glycans (or trees in a computer science sense) have attracted attention and have been developed over the last five years, presenting new techniques even from computer science viewpoints. This review summarizes cutting-edge techniques for glycans in each of the three categories of data mining: classification, clustering and frequent pattern mining, and shows results obtained by applying these techniques to real sets of glycan structures.

As unidades de paisagem na agricultura dos povos Ticuna e Cocama, no alto rio Solimões, são caracterizadas por arranjos produtivos e formas de gestão dos recursos naturais. Caracterizar essas práticas de base agroecológica, os resultados paisagísticos e as possibilidades de sua aplicabilidade regional foram os objetivos dessa pesquisa, realizada em duas localidades: Novo Paraíso, na ilha do Bom Intento, e Nova Aliança, ambas no município de Benjamin Constant, Amazonas. A organização social e econômica dos povos Ticuna e Cocama é fundada no parentesco e na apropriação comunal dos recursos naturais existentes, incluindo os espaços para o extrativismo. As unidades familiares, apesar da fraca vinculação com o mercado e suas regras, têm na lógica da reciprocidade a motivação para a produção, a transmissão e o manejo dos recursos e dos fatores de produção. As paisagens são reconstruídas por meio da produção de base agroecológica, derivada do etnoconhecimento, e correspondem aos mecanismos inerentes ao processo de manejo e conservação da flora e fauna. Esse processo permite a existência de complexa imbricação de paisagens em constante modificação, nas quais formas de produção são recriadas para a suficiência e a sustentabilidade.

Na Reserva Extrativista (RESEX) do Rio Jutaí, Amazonas, os moradores têm manifestado expectativas e aspiram mudanças quanto ao manejo da andiroba (Carapa spp.). Na presente pesquisa, foram formuladas perguntas sobre as razões dessas mudanças e como elas estão acontecendo. Aspectos socioeconômicos e de manejo foram estudados em 31 unidades familiares de dez comunidades da RESEX. Utilizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e avaliação de tempo e esforço de trabalho. A população local atribuiu relevante significado para a espécie em razão do valor de uso, destacando-se as aplicações medicinais, na pesca de matrinxã (Brycon spp.) e de outras quatro espécies de peixe. O manejo da andiroba é realizado, principalmente, em áreas de floresta primária e é complementado pela maioria das famílias na forma de plantios, comercializando parte da produção no interior da RESEX. Análises multivariadas discriminaram um grupo que investe maior tempo e número de pessoas na coleta, tendo maior produção, no entanto com menor rendimento. Não existe tendência à especialização das atividades, pois as famílias são pluriativas. O fenômeno estudado se encaixa na proposta conceitual do neoextrativismo, na medida em que as práticas estão em transformação e incluem cultivo e beneficiamento.

This study examines the income distribution and demand formation pattern of the Japanese economy using the VAR model. The post-Keynesian model is used for theoretical reference. The VAR model in this paper includes income distribution, consumption growth rate, export demand, GDP, and capital accumulation. The results of this study indicate that between 1985 and 2008, the profit-led demand formation pattern was dominant in the Japanese economy. In this regime, both domestic and external demands have a positive relationship with GDP growth. In the bubble period, favourable macroeconomic performance was sustained by active consumption and investments realized from the rise in asset prices and improvement in economic outlook. However, after the bubble burst, a rise in wage share did not maintain consumption demand, and investment demand stagnated due to the deterioration of profitability, stock adjustments, and a credit crunch. Hence, the Japanese economy has failed to realize a domestic demand-led growth sincethe 1990s. After 2002, export demand expanded and profit share recovered, which induced investment expansion. Consequently, there was an improvement in the Japanese macroeconomic performance, led by external demand, until the subprime shock occurred.

This study builds a growth regime model to analyse demand, income distribution, and employment rate. It also examines the causes and effects of the endogenous dynamics of the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU) from Régulationist and post-Keynesian perspectives. Specifically, this study (1) explores how demand and distribution regimes are established; (2) identifies the stability conditions for the multi-feedback mechanism among demand, distribution, and employment under different regimes; and (3) reveals how different endogenous degrees of NAIRU affect the dynamic behaviour of macroeconomic variables within a growth regime. We identify four types of growth regimes: two types of demand regimes (i.e. wage-led and profit-led) and two types of distribution regimes (i.e. goods market-led and labour market-led). We also demonstrate that the multi-feedback mechanism among demand, distribution, and employment under different growth regimes needs particular institutional coordination to realise stability. Moreover, we show that a certain endogenous degree of NAIRU may induce perpetual cycles in some growth regimes, whereas the stability of other growth regimes is independent of NAIRU’s endogeneity. Thus, our growth regime approach confirms the primary conclusions of the Régulation theory: an economy has business cycles and growth patterns specific to its institutional structures.