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With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, the whole world is overwhelmed with a mood of fear, anxiety, depression and psychological discomfort. The Coronavirus has wrapped all aspects of life with a new mode so that the authorities concerned have imposed stay-at-home orders, curfews and restrictions on mass mobility and daily activities. These restrictions have given rise to unprecedented practices rarely available in pre-Coronavirus era. Consequently, the normal course of life has greatly changed and a new daily routine has been established during the COVID-19 pandemic whose impact on all life activities is characterized by being extensive and having far-reaching consequences. This paper investigates the COVID-19 repercussions in some purposively selected cartoons and comics from different websites. The selected cartoons and comics attempt to establish what may be called covidity, a neologism that requires collective and wide-spread response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyzes negative pandemic-related aspects that have bearing especially on travel, religious and sport activities. The study draws upon Kress and Leeuwen’s approach of Visual Grammar (2006) within the framework of social semiotics. The study probes Multimodal Discourse Analysis (MDA), which is mainly applied and opted for deeper examination of visual discourse maintained in the data under discussion. Multimodality is a concept that accounts for different semiotic resources in communication to express certain meanings or ideologies. The paper demonstrates how coping strategies help to alleviate the grim mood created by the pandemic and to get adapted to new circumstances. مع ظهور جائحة كوفيد-19، ساد العالم أجمع حالة من الخوف والقلق والانزعاج النفسي. لقد أضفى فيروس كورونا نمطا جديدا على كافة مناحي الحياة، مما دفع السلطات المعنية لإصدار تعليمات البقاء بالمنازل وحظر التجول والقيود على التنقل الجماعي والأنشطة اليومية. وقد أدت هذه القيود إلى ظهور ممارسات غير مسبوقة قلما تواجدت في فترة ما قبل فيروس كورونا. وبالتالي، تغير المسار الطبيعي للحياة بشكل كبير وظهر روتين يومي جديد خلال جائحة كوفيد-19 والذي كان له تأثير بالغ المدى على جميع أنشطة الحياة. تبحث هذه الدراسة تداعيات كوفيد-19 في بعض الرسوم الكرتونية والرسوم المضحكة المختارة من مواقع الكترونية مختلفة. تهدف البيانات المختارة إلى إرساء ما يمكن تسميته "بالكوفيدية"، وهو مصطلح جديد يتطلب استجابة جماعية وواسعة النطاق لجائحة كوفيد-19، ويحلل الجوانب السلبية المتعلقة بالوباء وتأثيرها لا سيما على السفر والأنشطة الدينية والرياضية. تعتمد الدراسة على منهج كريس وليوين في القواعد النحوية المرئية (2006) في إطار نظرية السيمائية الاجتماعية. كما تبحث الدراسة في تحليل الخطاب المتعدد الوسائط والذي يتم تطبيقه بشكل أساسي في تحليل الخطاب المرئي بصورة أشمل للبينات قيد الدراسة. إن تعدد الوسائط مفهوماً يفسر الوسائل السيمائية المختلفة في التواصل للتعبير عن معاني أو أيدولوجيات معينة. وتكشف الدراسة عن مدى مساهمة تلك الاستراتيجيات في التخفيف من حالة التجهم التي خلّفها الوباء والتأقلم مع الواقع الجديد.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to highlight the textual approach, which emerged in conjunction with the competency approach, in light of the general context of the education system, which has experienced several educational reforms, and tried through it to overcome the gaps left by the previous approaches. Thus, it made the textual approach a learning method for presenting the text, in order to extract from the learning process features that appear at the end of each educational phase, resulting in an improvement in the linguistic faculty of the learner, proficient in reading and writing. الملخص: سعينا في هذه الورقة العلمية لتقديم رؤية عن المقاربة النصية، التي تزامن ظهورها مع انتهاج المقاربة بالكفاءات، في ظل سياق عام عرفته المنظومة التربية، التي شهدت عدة إصلاحات تربوية، سعت من خلالها لتجاوز الثغرات التي خلفتها المناهج السابقة، فجعلت من المقاربة النصية طريقة تعلمية لتقديم النص، حتى تحقق من العملية التعلمية ملامح تخرج في نهاية كل طور تعليمي، ينجر عنها تحسن في الملكة اللغوية للمتعلم، يتقن استخدامها قراءة وكتابة.

ABSTRACT: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly expanded across various fields, impacting society by transforming linguistic and cultural habits in translation and breaking down language barriers. While offering opportunities like instant translations and recognition software, caution is necessary due to AI's limitations, particularly in automatic translation. The evolving interaction between humans and machines creates new frontiers in global connectivity, prompting questions about their roles in translation for the humanities and social sciences. Our analysis explores the current state of AI, its possibilities, and tools, focusing on its role in literary and academic translation. We also delve into the limits and risks of AI, underscoring the vital role of the human translator. The central question revolves around whether AI, especially in automatic translation, can reliably serve the humanities. Our hypothesis asserts that the human translator is crucial, using knowledge and experience to provide authentic translations, with the machine acting as a legitimate complement, tempered by the cultural insight of the human translator. RÉSUMÉ : L'intelligence artificielle (IA) s'est rapidement développée dans divers domaines, impactant la société en transformant les habitudes linguistiques et culturelles en matière de traduction et en éliminant les barrières linguistiques. Les possibilités qu’offre cette intelligence pour la traduction sont énormes. Toutefois, il est important de faire attention, car il s’agit enfin de machines programmées à cet effet. Le recours de plus en plus accru à ces machines de traduction qui évoluent rapidement suscite des interrogations des spécialistes de la traduction quant à la fiabilité et l’important domaine recouvert par ces dernières. D’autres questions émanent également sur leur conséquence et la place à occuper face au traducteur humain. C’est pourquoi notre analyse explore l’état actuel de l’IA, ses possibilités, ses outils et son rôle dans la traduction littéraire et académique. Il sera question, conjointement à cela, de voir les limites et les risques de l’IA, en soulignant le rôle vital du traducteur humain. En somme, la question centrale est de savoir si l’IA, en particulier dans la traduction automatique, peut servir de manière fiable les sciences humaines. Notre hypothèse affirme que l’intervention du traducteur humain dans cette équation est primordiale. Ses connaissances et son expérience seraient essentielles pour fournir des traductions authentiques.

ملخص:تنتمي الدراسة لحقل الدراسات التربوية والتعليمية، حيث سنتطرق فيها لمناقشة موضوع الأسس التعليمية المتبعة في تقديم ميدان اللغة العربية في المدرسة الابتدائية، وقد حصرنا عينة الدراسة على النص التعليمي الموجه للطور التحضيري، مستأنسين في دراستنا بالمنهج الوصفي الذي يتناسب مع الأطر المفاهيمية، والمراد التعريف بها في المبحث النظري للدراسة، بهدف تقريب المفاهيم للقارئ، وإماطة الإبهام عن المصطلحات المحتواة في عنوان المقال، كما استعنا بآلية التحليل أثناء توضيح إستراتيجية تقديم درس اللغة العربية، يكمن الهدف من الدراسة في إرساء وعي تعليمي موجه لكلا الفئتين (معلم،متعلم) فحواه أن العملية التعليمية باتت موضوعية، تتطلب التكوين الدائم للمتعلم حول كل جديد يرتبط باستراتيجيات التعلم، والمتابعة والتقويم للمتعلم، في حين تكمن أهمية الدراسة في تعزيز التراكمية المعرفية التي قدمتها الدراسة السابقة التي تناولت مواضيع تتعلق بالتعليمية، وتثمين المقاربات التعليمية الجديدة المنتهجة في إعداد وتقديم النص التعليمي في اللغة العربية الموجه لتلميذ المدرسة الابتدائية Abstract This study belongs to the field of educational and pedagogical studies, focusing on the educational foundations applied in presenting the field of the Arabic language in primary schools. The study narrows its focus to the educational text directed towards the preparatory stage, utilizing a descriptive approach that aligns with conceptual frameworks explained in the theoretical section of the study. The aim is to make concepts more accessible to the reader and clarify the terms contained in the article title. The study employs analytical methods to elucidate the strategy of presenting Arabic language lessons. The objective of the study is to establish an educational awareness directed towards both categories (teacher and learner). It emphasizes that educational science has become objective, requiring continuous learner training on new strategies for learning, monitoring, and evaluation. The significance of the study lies in reinforcing cumulative knowledge presented in previous studies related to education and valuing new educational approaches in preparing and presenting educational texts in the Arabic language directed at primary school students.

Bu çalışmada amaç; ilkokulda eğitim alan 3 ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin peritekstual okuma düzeylerini belirlemek ve cinsiyet, yerleşim yeri, sınıf düzeyi, okulöncesi eğitim durumu, baba ve anne eğitim durumuna göre incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada genel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya Ağrı ili Patnos ilçesinden 238 3 ve 4. sınıf öğrencisi gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak peritekstual okuma düzeyi belirleme ölçeği ile beraber kişisel bilgiler formu da kullanılmıştır. Peritekstual okuma düzeyi belirleme ölçeği 16 soru üç boyuttan oluşan ve 3’lü Likert tipinde hazırlanan bir ölçektir. Kişisel bilgi formu ise öğrencilerin demografik bilgilerini belirlemek amacıyla altı sorudan oluşturulmuştur. Verilerin analizi için normallik değerleri belirlenmiş ve parametrik testler kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda ilkokul öğrencilerinin peritekstual okuma düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca 3. sınıf öğrencilerinin metin içi peritekstual okuma düzeylerinin 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin metin içi peritekstual okuma düzeylerinden anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu; şehir merkezinde eğitim gören öğrencilerin genel peritekstual okuma, metin içi peritekstual unsurları okuma ve künye bilgilerini okuma düzeylerinde köyde eğitim gören öğrencilere göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek düzeye sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Anne ve baba eğitim durumlarında ise eğitim seviyesi arttıkça öğrencilerin peritekstual okuma düzeylerinin de arttığı belirlenmiştir. Diğer değişkenlerle peritekstual okuma düzeyleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Bu çalışma ile annesi veya babası okuryazar olmayan öğrencilerin peritekstual okuma düzeylerinin anne ve babası daha eğitimli olan öğrencilere göre düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sebeple anne ve babaların eğitimlerinin artırılması adına gerekli çalışmalar yapılabilir. Ayrıca öğretmenlere peritekstual okuma ile ilgili hizmet içi eğitimler verilerek öğrencilerin peritekstual okuma düzeylerinin ve farkındalıklarının artırılması sağlanabilir.

Within the framework of the Thaenae archaeological field-school, excavations were carried out from 2017 to 2022 by a Tunisian-French team in the vicinity of the Tacape Gate in order to contribute to the study of the urban evolution of the city, marked, in Late Antiquity, by the construction of a wall whose area is larger than that of the Early Imperial city. On the basis of cross-referenced field and laboratory data (coins, ceramics and radiocarbon), it has been shown that this wall was built in the first half of the 4th century (perhaps as early as the first quarter of the century) by including the funerary spaces and craft workshops, which were then moved outside the new wall. The monumental character of this wall and the care taken in its construction argue in favour of a prestigious operation testifying to the economic and political vitality of the city of Thaenae in the years preceding or following the advent of the Constantinian dynasty.

The term cognitive theories refers to the mental activities carried out by the recipient within the framework of the process of artistic appreciation of works of art, and mental activities "are those processes that involve under the concept of knowledge to discover, interpret, classify and remember information, evaluate ideas, principles of inference, rules of induction, and other cognitive aspects that represent Human experience in the position of artistic taste. And artistic appreciation for works of art can be linked to cognitive theories, especially since the trends of postmodern arts called the connoisseur to think about the artwork, and also called for stopping the direct emotion of feeling towards the artwork, and added more ambiguity to it, which in turn affected the connoisseur’s view of art. To these works of art, in an attempt to decipher the mystery surrounding them, especially since the taste based on feeling and feeling towards typical works of art is no longer valid with this type of art. In this context, the process of artistic appreciation for artworks is essentially a communicative process, requiring the presence of three parties, namely the sender, artist/receiver, recipient, message or artwork. Thus, "the process of artistic tasting raises the cognitive aspects of the recipient to explore the nature of the artwork, its subject and its aesthetics, so that it can be tasted by re-thinking about the prevailing ideas or theories.The research aims to reveal the cognitive theories that contribute to explaining the process of artistic taste for the works of postmodern arts, while the research problem lies in the possibility of revealing the cognitive theories that explain the artistic taste of postmodern arts? The importance of the research is to study the cognitive theories that support mental activity in the face of artistic work within the framework of the process of artistic appreciation. Research on the philosophical potential of cognitive theories and their role in interpreting the process of tasting artistic work as an aesthetic stimulus. It sheds light on a selection of postmodern artworks that support the cognitive theories that explain the process of artistic taste.

Yargılama, hukukun işleyiş sürecindeki zorunlu aşamalardan biridir. Hukuku tüm yönleriyle ele almak isteyen kuramsal yaklaşımlar, yargılamayı görmezden gelemez. Analitik hukuk biliminin temsilcisi Hart, genel olarak pozitif hukuka özgü kavramları ve bu kavramların birbirleriyle ilişkisini analiz ederek hukuku ahlaktan ayırır. Doğal hukuk öğretisini benimseyen Bodenheimer ise hukuk ve ahlak arasında zorunlu bir ilişki olduğunu farklı açılardan gündeme getirmeyi amaçlar. Ona göre, çoğu toplum tarafından benimsenen hukuk kuralları, insan doğasının bir yansımasıdır ve ahlaki temele sahiptir. Yasa koyucu, kural ihdas ederken kendisinin veya toplumun ahlaki yargılarından esinlenir. Hukuk ve ahlak arasındaki ilişkiyi açığa çıkaran bir diğer durum, yargıcın zor davalarda ahlaki prensiplerden destek almasıdır. Zor davalarda mevcut yasa olduğu gibi değil, olması gerektiği gibi yorumlandığı için hukukun otonomisi kaybolur. Hart için hukukun ahlakla ilişkisi analitik hukuk biliminin benimsediği ilkelere zarar vermez; çünkü bu ilişki zorunlu değildir. Hem yasa koyucu hem de yargıcın yasama faaliyetinde bulunduğu durumlarda, hukuk zorunlu biçimde ahlaktan türemez. Türk hukuk literatüründe incelenmemiş olan bu tartışma, analitik hukuk biliminin etraflıca tartışılması ve doğru biçimde değerlendirilmesine katkı sunmak üzere kaleme alınmıştır.

There are many works of art that adopt the Bernasian school of thought that adopts the art theory of art, which in turn has cast a shadow over the problem of receiving contemporary artistic work. Receiving a plastic work of art reflects various forms of systematic thinking and visual understanding of the artistic work as a direct response to the interaction between the recipient and the work of art on levels of aesthetic thinking. This, in turn, gives the artwork a direct impact on the recipient's senses and emotions. The artwork, with its sensory presence, is available in it through the total components of the artwork, which in its entirety constitute the subject of the work. However, art for art rejects all of the above and deals with the artwork in its formal form and rejects any kind of non-sensory contact between the recipient and the artwork, given their philosophy that the artwork should not bring on the recipient more than pleasure and pleasure, and it should not reflect A specific philosophy or thought that the artist adopts in the artwork.The art theory of art and the Bernasi school believes that the plastic work of art consists of a number of formal elements with a sensual significance, and that these elements should not go beyond being sensual and expand until they carry intellectual, philosophical or aesthetic contents that the artist transmits to the recipient within the framework of the experience of receiving the work of art. So that it may suggest to it the meaning behind the artistic work, and therefore the Bernasian doctrine and its adoption of the art theory of art is based mainly on the perceptual factor that in turn is based on the concept of the artistic aesthetic of the artwork and its role in dealing with the recipient of the artwork.While the research aims to uncover the philosophy of receiving the work of plastic art, and the theoretical problematic of the Bernasian doctrine in dealing with the recipient, while the problem of the research lies in the question about the possibilities of monitoring the problem of receiving the contemporary plastic art work in light of the theoretical data of the Bernasian school of thought anf The theory of Art for art's sake?

The narrative construction process of the plastic artwork represents the description that narrates the course of events, reveals the links between the characters and elements in the artwork and the role of each of them in the process of narrating the event in both dimensions (time - place), which casts its shadow on the narrative art scene that is a composite. Constructively, the artistic content of an event is evoked. The image of the hero plays in that visual narrative equation an ostensible role as the central figure in the artwork around which a group of other secondary elements revolve around which helps in highlighting the image of the hero and consolidating its concept with the recipient by expressing an event within the framework of the artwork, and from the above it is clear that the element The onion and his image in the artwork may include several different concepts that reflect the value of heroism and its meaning in the role embodied by this element in the work of art, and therefore the image of the hero is more than a central figure who plays a major role in the artwork.The research aims to uncover the narrative patterns of the transformations of the concept of the image of the hero in the plastic art work, while the problem of the research lies in the possibility of identify the narrative styles of the transformations of the concept of hero's image in plastic artworks?. The importance of the research is represented in studying what is the image of the hero in the plastic artwork, researching in monitoring the narrative patterns that influenced the concept of the hero’s image in the plastic artwork, and shedding light on the elements of the plastic artwork in light of the narrative transformations of the concept of the hero’s image in it.

Imidazopyridine and its derivatives are essential heterocycles widely utilized in medicinal chemistry, natural products, and synthetic chemicals. The unique structural characteristics of the imidazopyridine ring facilitate their interaction with various enzymes and receptors through weak interactions, leading to a wide range of biological and pharmacological effects. Many imidazole derivatives are extensively used in clinical practice to treat various diseases, highlighting their significant potential for further research. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current research on imidazopyridine or imidazopyridine derivatives in medicinal chemistry, focusing on their roles as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, and other therapeutic agents.

The synthesis of bicyclic heterocycles, notably nitrogen-containing imidazopyridines, holds immense appeal due to their structural diversity and pivotal role in biological systems. These compounds are ubiquitously found in nature and are prized for their significance in both chemical and biological contexts. Imidazopyridine derivatives, among nitrogen heterocycles, serve as fundamental structures in various applications spanning pharmaceuticals to food additives. Consequently, their synthesis and modification represent a focal point in both natural and synthetic organic chemistry. This review aims to comprehensively explore conventional methodologies alongside innovative synthesis approaches, while also delving into the diverse biological properties exhibited by these versatile heterocycles. Through this examination, we endeavor to provide valuable insights that will contribute to further advancements in the synthesis and utilization of imidazopyridines in various fields.

Dans le domaine du diagnostic des structures en bois, il est nécessaire d’apporter une méthodologie innovante avec des outils précis pour obtenir des analyses fiables sur l’état du bâtiment sans dégrader les parois. Cependant, les structures en bois se détériorent sous l'effet de contraintes mécaniques et des conditions climatiques. Les propriétés physiques et mécaniques de ce matériau dépendent des conditions d'exposition et de leurs variations. Dans le cas des constructions à ossature bois, la seule méthode pour évaluer leur état de santé consiste à démonter et endommager les éléments périphériques afin d'observer l'état et les pathologies des différentes couches et matériaux constitutifs. Par conséquent, il est impératif de prendre des mesures d'évaluation et de contrôle non destructif (CND) afin de vérifier leur conformité aux normes applicables à la livraison et de suivre leur évolution au fil du temps. Cela permettra de prédire la durée de vie des structures et de gérer de manière durable le patrimoine bâti. Cette étude propose de développer une approche novatrice utilisant les ondes radar millimétriques pour caractériser les matériaux constituants des assemblages à ossature bois.

Inscrire d’emblée cet article dans le cadre du cognitivisme relève du pari sur le conceptuel.Il s’agit en effet d’une approche qui s’offre à la fois comme approfondissement et comme réévaluation : elle est approfondissement parce qu’elle pointe le sujet discoureur dans sa conversion en sujet pensant; elle est également réévaluation parce qu’elle autorise aux signes de se signifier autrement. Comme concrétisation de cet esprit innovateur dont fait montre cette approche, nous proposerons de saisir le métadiscours comme support d’étude de la métaphore conceptuelle, et ce à travers deux principaux ouvrages que nous prenons commeassez présentatifs de l’ensemble de l’«esthétique» métalinguistique; il s’agit donc deGrammaire méthodologique du français1 et Dictionnaire de la linguistique2. Dans un premier moment, nous serons fort tenté par le volet définitoire où seront exposésles principaux concepts relatifs à la métaphore conceptuelle. Dans un deuxième moment, nousnous appliquerons à examiner la notion de spatialisation qui préside à un nombre importantde concepts métadisursifs. Nous comptons démontrer, dans la dernière partie, en quoi l’esprithumain s’assigne sa propre expérience corporelle, et par là même ontologique, comme sous-bassement de la métaphore (méta)discursive

Introduction : La participation de l’enfant dans ses occupations est essentielle pour son développement. Les occupations sont réparties tout au long de la journée dans ses soins personnels, ses activités scolaires et ses loisirs. La Mesure canadienne du rendement occupationnel (MCRO) peut être utilisée en ergothérapie lors de l’entretien initial pour faire émerger les difficultés occupationnelles de l’enfant, en lien ou non avec un support imagé tel que l’Outil THérapeutique d’autodétermination des Objectifs Pédiatriques en Ergothérapie (OT’Hope). Le but de cette étude est d’établir le portrait des difficultés occupationnelles des enfants français suivis en ergothérapie et âgés de 6 à 12 ans. Méthodologie : Une analyse descriptive rétrospective et exploratoire a été effectuée sur les données recueillies par la MCRO, avec l’utilisation ou non de l’OT’Hope, en 2019. En utilisant la méthode d’échantillonnage par convenance, 10 ergothérapeutes formés à la passation de la MCRO ont été invités à transmettre leurs données. Des analyses statistiques descriptives et de comparaison de moyenne ainsi qu’une analyse thématique sur les occupations soulevées ont été faites. Résultats : 720 activités auprès de 104 enfants ont été identifiées comme limitant leur participation dans leurs occupations. Le profil des difficultés occupationnelles est plutôt homogène entre les filles et les garçons sauf pour l’hygiène (p = 0,0002) et l’organisation du travail scolaire (p = 0,0009). L’écriture est l’activité la plus citée (19,3 %) alors que les loisirs représentent le domaine le moins évoqué par les enfants (6,81 %). Implication pour la pratique : La sous-représentativité des difficultés occupationnelles dans le domaine des loisirs devrait encourager les ergothérapeutes à être particulièrement attentif à poser des questions sur ce domaine lors des entretiens semi-directifs avec l’enfant en début de l’accompagnement. ----- Introduction: Children’s participation in their occupations is essential for their development. Occupations are distributed throughout the day in personal care, school activities and leisure. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) can be used in occupational therapy during the initial interview to elicit the child’s occupational difficulties, with or without a pictorial support such as the “Outil THérapeutique d’autodétermination des Objectifs Pédiatriques en Ergothérapie” (OT’Hope). The aim of this study is to establish a portrait of the occupational difficulties of French children, followed in occupational therapy and aged 6 to 12 years. Methodology: A retrospective and exploratory descriptive analysis was performed on the data collected by the COPM with or without the use of the OT’Hope collected in 2019. By convenience sampling, occupational therapists trained in administering the COPM were invited to submit their data. Descriptive and mean-comparison statistical analyses, as well as a thematic analysis on the occupations raised, were performed. Results: 720 activities with 104 children were identified as limiting their participation in their occupations. The profile of occupational difficulties was rather homogeneous between girls and boys except for hygiene (p = 0.0002) and organization of schoolwork (p=0.0009). Writing was the most cited activity (19.3%), while leisure activities were the least cited by the children (6.81%). Implication for practice: The under-representation of occupational difficulties in the leisure domain should encourage occupational therapists to pay particular attention to questioning this domain during semi-directive interviews with the child at the beginning of the support.

In this paper, we derive the $\Gamma $-limit of some optimal material distribution problems as the exponent goes to infinity.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of heat stress exhibited by Holstein’s dairy cows under Tunisian temperate climate. Milk, fat, protein, and somatic cell count test-day records collected between 2013 and 2019 from 947 cows in 23 herds were combined with THI calculated from meteorological data recorded between 2013 and 2019. The nonlinear model of Wood was applied to modelling lactation curve. Analysis of variance was applied to test the effects of three level of THI (THI>72; 6872) on milk production, its composition and lactation curve parameters. Results showed losses due to heat stress. A decrease in milk yield and fat and protein percentage was reported. So, fat and proteins yields tended to decrease steadily with increasing values of THI. Milk yield ranged from 17,882±0,064 (6872), fat and proteins percentage ranged from 3,551 ± 0,041 to 3,449 ±0,026 and from 3,246 ±0,031%, to 3,113 (0,029) for 6872, respectively. Somatic score patterns were marked by increased (from 4,143 to 4,358) at highest ranges of THI>72, and decreased values (from 4,143 to 3,857) at lowest ranges of THI. The effect of THI was highly significant (P

The aim of this study is to determine the phytochemical analyses, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Reamuria vermiculata leaves extracts. Organic extracts (methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether) were screened for their biochemical composition as well as antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In fact, Phytochemical screening of Reamuria vermiculata leaves showed the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, saponins, tannins, terpenes, and quinones. Biochemical screening showed that the methanol was the richest extract in phenolic and tanins with 179.68 mg GAE/ g and 56.25 mg CE/g, respectively. The analysis of DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS showed an important scavenging with ethyl acetate extract with IC50 of 0.0012mg/mL, and 0.0006mg/mL respectively. As well as, the methanol extract exhibited an antimicrobial property against bacterial strains. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium were the most sensitive strains with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.3125 mg/mL. These results allow us to propose that Reamuria vermiculata is an excellent source for bioactive molecules exhibiting interesting biological capacities.

Plants have been long valuable sources of natural materials that have served to preserve human and animal health; as a result, pharmacological purposes have arisen from the use of plant compounds in most countries, according to a World Health Organization report. The present study aimed to assess the antimicrobial resistance of tannin extract against Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates in sheep. A total of 100 samples from sheep were used to isolate E. coli and treated with tannin extract (90% purity) to investigate the in vitro effect, as compared to some antibiotics (Clindamycin, Cephalexin, Kanamycin, Tetracycline, and Vancomycin). The bacterial samples were cultured in a selective and differential medium, and Gram staining was used to examine them. The biochemical assays were performed to purify and expose these cultures; moreover, the API 20E system and RapidTM ONE kits were utilized to confirm the bacterial strain. Based on the findings, 50% of the samples showed a positive result for the presence of E. coli. The well diffusion technique was used to investigate the antibacterial activity to confirm the antibacterial action of tannin extract (from pomegranate peel) in different concentrations against E. coli. The highest zone of inhibition for the bacteria ranged from 12±0.5 to 30.3±0.2 at 50% concentrations, proving that tannins extract was significantly effective against E. coli. The presence of E. coli was detected in 50 % of the samples. The well-diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antimicrobial property of tannin extract through various concentrations with the highest zone of inhibition for the bacteria ranging from 12.5 to 30.30.2 at 50%, demonstrating that tannin extract was significantly effective on E. coli.

Protozoan parasites are very important in drinking water production systems because their cystic forms are stable in the environment and resistant to conventional disinfection methods. The present study aimed to investigate protozoan parasites in the drinking water of different places in Samarra, Iraq. To this end, 100 samples of tap drinking water were collected from 10 places in Samarra, Iraq (i.e., Al-Sekek, Al-Kadesia, Alzeraa, Al-Shuhdaa, Al-Muthana, Al-Shorta, Al-Mamal, Al-Khedraa, Al-Efraz, and Al-Jubereaa), from the beginning of December to the end of February. After sample collection, water samples were examined to detect oocysts or cysts of protozoan parasites by using Direct wet smear, Lugol’s iodine, and Modified Ziehle Nelseen stain methods. The results indicate that 80% of the samples under investigation were infected with protozoan parasites, and the ratio of diagnostic parasites in the samples under investigation was determined at 36% with Entamoeba histolytica, 23% with Giardia lamblia, and 21% with Cryptosporidium parvum. The findings reveal the presence of protozoan parasites in the drinking water of the area under study and specify the need for a rapid improvement of the monitoring systems for the treatment of drinking water to control diseases caused by these pathogens, as well as to identify the sources of contamination.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical illness usually linked to a wide range of skin manifestations; however, skin, as the greatest organ in the body, has received little attention. As a result, this study aimed to detect the prevalence and pattern of non-infectious skin disorders among patients with diabetes. This study was carried out at the Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Center, Basrah Province, Iraq, from September 2020 to September 2021. The data were collected from 347 patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The exclusion criteria were patients with skin changes due to some medications, pregnancy, iatrogenic factors, skin infections, established hypo- or hyper-thyroidism, Cushing or adrenal insufficiency, pituitary disorders, end-stage renal impairment, malignancy, and established rheumatological disease and those who were on chemotherapy. Full dermatological examinations and screenings were performed under the supervision of a dermatologist expert and all clinically definable cutaneous lesions were recorded. The prevalence of skin lesions was estimated at 71.5% in patients. Pruritus, xerosis, acrochordon, diabetic dermopathy, acanthosis nigricans, and insulin-related lipohypertrophy were the commonest skin lesions reported among the patients. The occurrence of skin lesions in diabetic patients was proportional to the female gender, duration of disease, obesity, insulin therapy, and worse glycemic control. There was a broad spectrum of skin lesions in both T1DM and T2DM with corresponding prevalence.

Abstract This paper presents the concept of audiovisual translation (AVT) as it has only recently become an object of interest within the discipline of translation studies. The rise of new technologies has greatly shifted attention and focus from stereotypes of translation to technological and digital aspects of translation. This gives rise to international and intercultural communication and therefore, a dire need arises to investigate audiovisual translation that is considerably linked to socio and intercultural differences and norms. This paper intends to analyze subtitling as the most familiar type of AVT through taking into account important factors including socio-linguistic elements, cultural contexts, and stylistic considerations. The paper discusses film subtitling with the aim of exploring translator's conformity to the socio and cultural considerations when conveying the source language SL messages to the target language TL. It mainly investigates the difficulties involved in subtitling language-specific idioms and swear words. The paper reveals that AVT should be based on cross-cultural awareness and a full comprehension of the cultural aspects of both the source and target languages. The paper also concludes that handling the translation of subtitles has specific characteristics and poses challenges that entail special attention to its transfer and the translation strategies applied in this regard. المستخلص باللغة العربية يتناول هذا البحث مفهوم الترجمة السمعية البصرية کإحدى مجالات دراسات الترجمة التي لم تلق اهتماما إلا في الآونة الأخيرة. ومع ظهور تقنيات جديدة، تحول الانتباه والترکيز بصورة ملحوظة من الأشکال النمطية للترجمة إلى الجوانب التکنولوجية والرقمية للترجمة، وهذا يؤدي إلى التواصل الدولي والتواصل بين الثقافات، ولذا تدعو الحاجة لتناول الترجمة السمعية البصرية التي ترتبط بشکل کبير بالاختلافات والمعايير الاجتماعية البينية للثقافات. ويهدف هذه البحث إلى تحليل ترجمة الحوار باعتبارها أکثر أنواع الترجمة السمعية البصرية شيوعاً من خلال مراعاة عدة عوامل مهمة منها العناصر الاجتماعية واللغوية والسياقات الثقافية والاعتبارات الأسلوبية. ويناقش البحث ترجمة الحوار بهدف اکتشاف مدى مطابقة المترجم للاعتبارات الاجتماعية والثقافية عند نقل رسائل لغة المصدر إلى لغة الهدف. ويفحص البحث بشکل أساسي الصعوبات التي تنطوي عليها ترجمة التعبيرات الثابتة وألفاظ السباب ذات الخصوصية الثقافية. ويوضح البحث أن الترجمة السمعية البصرية يجب أن تستند إلى الوعي عبر الثقافات والفهم الکامل للجوانب الثقافية لکل من لغة المصدر ولغة الهدف. کما توصل البحث أيضاً إلى أن معالجة ترجمة الحوار لها خصائص محددة وتشکل تحديات تستلزم اهتماماً خاصاً بنقلها واستراتيجيات الترجمة المُطبقة في هذا الصدد.

This article focuses on mapping tropical deforestation using time series and machine learning algorithms. Before detecting changes in the time series, we reduced seasonality using Photosynthetic Vegetation (PV) index fractions obtained from Landsat images. Single and multi-temporal filters were used to reduce speckle noise from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images (i.e., ALOS PALSAR and Sentinel-1B) before fusing them with optical images through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We detected only one change in the two PV series using a non-seasonal detection approach, as well as in the fused images through five machine learning algorithms that were calibrated with Cross-Validation (CV) and Monte Carlo Cross-Validation (MCCV). In total, four categories were obtained: forest, cropland, bare soil, and water. We then compared the change map obtained with time series and that obtained with the classification algorithms with the best calibration performance, revealing an overall accuracy of 92.91% and 91.82%, respectively. For statistical comparisons, we used deforestation reference data. Finally, we conclude with some discussions and reflections on the advantages and disadvantages of the detections made with time series and machine learning algorithms, as well as the contribution of SAR images to the classifications, among other aspects.

Dialectics are an integral part of the problems that contemporary plastic art deals with in light of changing perceptions that the artist deals with through artwork, where most of the plastic art works belonging to contemporary art participate in expressing the idea composed of artwork by dealing with the physical and sensory elements that Through which the recipient is communicated, the artist has become essentially dependent on the idea as a constructive element of the artwork, and this is evidenced by the attempt of many artists to present a vision or an intellectual philosophy for their artworks. This coincided with the launch of a set of technical, technical and stylistic variables and concepts that are occurred in the field of contemporary art, which implicitly led to a controversial problem arising in the nature of the structural elements that control the march of the artwork, and its formative construction, where contemporary art works that depend on the idea In the physical construction of the work, you need that the intellectual content be fit to express in a physical way the form of the artwork, and that the intellectual content is also visible in terms of material and sensory in the artwork. The research aims to reveal the dialectical dimensions and the possibilities of compatibility between the physical and intellectual structural elements in contemporary plastic artwork. While the problem of research lies in the question about the possibilities of achieving compatibility between the physical and intellectual structural elements in contemporary plastic artworks?

Cette étude visait à évaluer l’effet du stress thermique subis par les vaches laitières Holstein en Tunisie. Les données de contrôles laitiers : PL, MG, MP et le SCS collectés entre 2013 et 2019 chez 947 vaches dans 23 troupeaux ont été combinées avec un THI calculé à partir des données météorologiques enregistrées entre 2013 et 2019. Le modèle non linéaire de Wood a été appliqué à la modélisation de la courbe de lactation. L’analyse de la variance a été appliquée pour tester les effets de trois niveaux de THI (THI>72; 6872) sur la production de lait, sa composition et les paramètres de la courbe de lactation. Les résultats ont montré des pertes dues au stress thermique. Une diminution du rendement en lait et du pourcentage de matières grasses et de protéines a été signalée. Ainsi, les rendements en matières grasses et en protéines ont eu tendance à diminuer régulièrement avec l’augmentation des valeurs de THI. Le rendement laitier variait de 17,882 ± 0,064 (68 72), le pourcentage de matières grasses et de protéines variait de 3,551 ± 0,041 à 3,449 ± 0,026 et de 3,246 ± 0,031 à 3,113 ± 0,029 % pour 68 72, respectivement. Les modèles de score somatique ont été marqués par une augmentation (de 4,143 à 4,358) aux plages les plus élevées de THI> 72, et des valeurs diminuées (de 4,143 à 3,857) aux plages les plus basses de THI. L’effet du THI était très significatif (P

Les inséminations artificielles des brebis (n=3765) réalisées en contre-saison enregistrées durant 3 années successives chez les éleveurs privés ont été analysées afin de déterminer les facteurs influençant la réussite de l’insémination. Les brebis appartenaient à 13 éleveurs adhérant au programme de contrôle des performances de la Direction de l’Amélioration Génétique de l’Office de l’élevage et des Pâturages. Quatre races autochtones: Sicilo-Sarde (SS), Noire de Thibar (NT), Queue Fine de l’Ouest (QFO) et Barbarine tête noire (BTN) et tête rousse (BTR) ont fait l’objet de cette étude. Après avoir reçu un traitement de synchronisation des chaleurs, ces brebis ont subi une insémination cervicale avec du sperme frais ou refroidi à 15°C environ 55 ± 1 h après le retrait de l'éponge. Notre étude a montré que la fertilité des brebis inséminées en contre saison par la technique IA cervicale variait de 32 à 74 % avec une moyenne de 47,6 ± 9,9 %. L’utilisation de la semence refroidie a réduit significativement (p

Lignite, as an abundant and low-cost material, was tested for lead (Pb(II)) removal from aqueous solutions under various experimental conditions for both static (batch) and dynamic (column) experiments. Static assays showed that Pb(II) removal efficiency increases with rising in its initial concentration, aqueous pH, and adsorbent dosage values. Adsorption kinetic and isothermal data were well fitted with the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models, respectively, suggesting that lead removal by lignite is mainly governed by chemical processes and occurs heterogeneously on multilayer surfaces. The maximum Langmuir’s adsorption capacity was equal to 61.4 mg$\cdot $g$^{-1}$, which is high in comparison to various natural materials. The laboratory column experiments showed that Pb(II) breakthrough curves and subsequent lignite adsorption efficiency is highly dependent on the bed height. Due to the short time contact between Pb(II) and lignite particles inside the column, the highest adsorption capacity was about 21%, which is lower than the one found in the batch mode. Even under dynamic conditions, lignite exhibits a high adsorption capacity compared to other adsorbents, which promotes its use as a low-cost and efficient material for Pb(II) and the removal of other heavy metals from wastewaters.

In this work, four activated carbons were synthetized from natural olive stone (NOS) wastes using ZnCl2 as an activating agent. These activated carbons (OSAC) were synthetized for a constant mass ratio of ZnCl2: NOS of 2:1, a contact time of 2 h and four different heating temperatures (300, 400, 450 and 500 °C). The physicochemical characterization of these activated carbons by various analyses including N2 adsorption–desorption measurements, surface charge evolution versus pH, Boehm titration, Fourier transform (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the activated carbon produced at a temperature of 400 °C (OSAC 400 °C) exhibited the best properties. Indeed, it has the highest BET surface area, total pore and micropore volumes with values of 740 m2${\cdot }$g$^{-1}$, 0.57 cm3${\cdot }$g$^{-1}$ and 0.25 cm3${\cdot }$g$^{-1}$, respectively. Moreover, it is rich in various acidic and basic functional groups that could react with various common adsorbents.The test of these activated carbons, for the adsorption of a cationic (methylene blue (MB)) and anionic (methyl orange (MO)) dye under various experimental conditions, showed that OSAC 400 °C could be considered as an effective, attractive and promising adsorbent for both the tested dyes. The Langmuir’s adsorption capacities of this adsorbent were assessed to 303.0 and 277.8 mg${\cdot }$g$^{-1}$ for MB and MO, respectively, which are significantly high compared to other various activated carbons. The retention of the pollutants is mainly chemical including hydrogen bond and electrostatic attraction between the dyes and the activated carbon surface.

Cat is one of the most popular domestic animals that human has domesticated for a long time, since then, there have been many breeds that can be difficult to identify with each breed having different health issues and care requirement, to resolve this problem we used Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) a widely used artificial intelligence deep learning model that has been used in many image classification problem, in this study we explored 11 different types of CNN-Based model architecture to be used in a fusion-based technique and fine-tune the model to further increase its performance, our results show that fusion model is a promising technique in classifying cat breeds that outperforms all of the individual CNN- Based model architecture with the 3 fusion model having an accuracy of 0.9053, precision of 0.9075, recall of 0.9053, and F1 score of 0.9016, additionally, fine-tuning only shows a small effect in increasing the fusion model performance.

Kredi türev ürünleri, kredi riskini minimize etmek için 1990’lı yıllarda finans piyasalarında kullanılmaya başlanmış ve kredi olaylarından kaynaklanan zararlara karşı sigorta sağlayarak, kredi riskine maruz kalmayı azaltmak veya ortadan kaldırmak için oluşturulmuş finansal sözleşmelerdir. En çok kullanılan kredi türev ürünlerinden biri olan kredi temerrüt takasının (CDS) temel işlevi kredi riskini dağıtmaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; CDS prim oynaklığını, normal, student-t, GED ve skewed-t dağılımları kullanarak simetrik ve asimetrik etkileri dikkate alan GARCH modelleri ile tahminlemek ve öngörü performanslarını karşılaştırmaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 01 Ocak 2010 ile 30 Ekim 2019 tarihleri arasındaki günlük CDS risk primleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar asimetrik etkiyi dikkate alan modellerin ve kalın kuyruklu dağılımların daha iyi sonuçlar ortaya koyduğunu göstermektedir.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a very important subject, namely the preservation of the environment and the preservation of its components due to the negative effects resulting from the irrational use of tools in the daily activities of individuals. This is the result of the multiplicity of these tools and their diversity, This has resulted in many imbalances which have negatively impacted the natural resources of the environment, whether directly or indirectly, which led to the trend towards safer tools on the environment. This is discussed in this paper by identifying the various projects Ge environment known as green financing projects and their role in preserving the environment.

Cet article a été rétracté le 12/04/2022. La fièvre aphteuse (FA) est une maladie infectieuse d’origine virale qui affecte les ruminants et les porcins. Une enquête séroépidémiologique a été menée chez les ruminants de la région ouest de l’Algérie afin d’estimer la séroprévalence de la FA et de déterminer les facteurs de risque susceptibles de favoriser l’atteinte des animaux par cette pathologie. Au total 420 sérums ont été collectés (210 de bovins et 210 de petits ruminants) et soumis au test Elisa NSP permettant la détection des anticorps dirigés contre le virus de la FA induits par les protéines non structurales, puis à des tests Elisa détectant les protéines structurales spécifiques des sérotypes A, O, SAT 1, SAT 2 et Asia 1. Les résultats ont montré une différence non significative (p > 0,05) de la séroprévalence entre les espèces avec 23,8 % chez les bovins et 27,1 % chez les petits ruminants. Le sérotype O était présent dans 95,3 % des sérums positifs. Il était présent seul chez 64,9 % des petits ruminants alors que les bovins étaient généralement infectés par plusieurs sérotypes simultanément, avec l’association prédominante des quatre sérotypes A, O, SAT 1 et Asia 1, qui représentait 36 % des infections. Le taux de couverture vaccinale a atteint 48,7 % du cheptel (bovins et petits ruminants) âgé de plus de six mois. Aucun lien statistique n’a été mis en évidence entre le mode d’élevage (extensif, semi-intensif ou intensif) et l’atteinte par la FA (p > 0,05). En revanche, une association significative (p < 0,05) a été établie entre la vaccination des animaux et l’infection, les animaux vaccinés ayant été moins infectés par la FA.

Demand for animal products is expected to increase due to human population growth, resulting in a need for increased production. At the same time, climate change poses a major threat to the viability and sustainability of livestock production systems. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the sus-tainability of dairy cattle farms belonging to three farming systems (rainfed, irrigated, and mixed) at the northeast zone of Tunisia using the IDEA method (version 3). Collected data of 102 farms were subjected to an analysis of variance using the GLM procedure of SAS software (version 9.4). Results showed that the socio-territorial scale was the limiting factor for all systems and that the irrigated sys-tem had the lowest scores of agro-ecological and socio-territorial scales, compared to the other ones, but it recorded the highest score for the economic scale. The best agro-ecological and socio-territorial scores characterized the mixed system. However, it had the lowest score on the economic scale. Finally, the rain-fed system was exhibited medium performances of the three scales. It was concluded a differ-ence between the three farm systems, but there was no disassociation between the three sustainability dimensions; thus, improvements should proceed across all scales simultaneously.