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Malaria is a major public health problem in Niger. The Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria launched, in 2011, an initiative entitled "Affordable Medicines Facility - Malaria" or AMFm which aims to make artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) more available, more accessible and to eliminate the development of artemisinin resistance. It is in this context that we have conducted a randomized comparative double open-arm study of the efficacy and safety of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artesunate-amodiaquine (AM) in Gaya., The objective of the study is to evaluate and then to compare the efficiency and tolerance to these two combinations. The study was modeled with the WHO 2003, 28 days protocol., 370 febrile patients were examined. 159 patients were included, where 79 (49.4%) were put in the AL arm and 81 (50.6%) were placed in the AM arm. The adequate clinical and parasitological response was 94.8% and 97.1% respectively for AL and AM. There was no statistical significant difference in efficiency between the two therapies (P=0.4) . This difference in adverse effects was not statistically significant (P=0.18) . Artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine are two combinations with comparable efficacies and safety., (Le comitée de rédaction se réserve le droit de revoyer aux auteurs avant toute soumission à l'avis des lecteurs les manuscrits qui ne seraient pas conformes à ces modalités de présentation. En outre il leur conseille de sonserver un examplaire du manuscrit, des figures et des tableaux.)