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Abstract Background Insect-based food and feed are increasingly attracting attention. As a domesticated insect, the silkworm (Bombyx mori) has a highly nutritious pupa that can be easily raised in large quantities through large-scale farming, making it a highly promising source of food. The ratio of pupa to cocoon (RPC) refers to the proportion of the weight of the cocoon that is attributed to pupae, and is of significant value for edible utilization, as a higher RPC means a higher ratio of conversion of mulberry leaves to pupa. In silkworm production, there is a trade-off between RPC and cocoon shell ratiao(CSR), which refers the ratio of silk protein to the entire cocoon, during metamorphosis process. Understanding the genetic basis of this balance is crucial for breeding edible strains with a high RPC and further advancing its use as feed. Results Using QTL-seq, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the balance between RPC and CSR that is located on chromosome 11 and covers a 9,773,115-bp region. This locus is an artificial selection hot spot that contains ten non-overlapping genomic regions under selection that were involved in the domestication and genetic breeding processes. These regions include 17 genes, nine of which are highly expressed in the silk gland, which is a vital component in the trade-off between RPC and CSR. These genes are annotate with function related with epigenetic modifications and the regulation of DNA replication et al. We identified one and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exons of teh KWMTBOMO06541 and KWMTBOMO06485 genes that result in amino acid changes in the protein domains. These SNPs have been strongly selected for during the domestication process. The KWMTBOMO06485 gene encodes the Bombyx mori (Bm) tRNA methyltransferase (BmDnmt2) and its knockout results in a significant change in the trade-off between CSR and RPC in both sexes. Conclusions Taken together, our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of RPC and CSR. The identified QTL and genes that affect RPC can be used for marker-assisted and genomic selection of silkworm strains with a high RPC. This will further enhance the production efficiency of silkworms and of closely-related insects for edible and feed purposes.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the healthcare system, affecting physician wellbeing. The consequences of reduced time spent with patients at bedside during the pandemic has not been investigated. The objectives of this study include assessing time spent with patients, physician wellbeing and patient satisfaction before and during the pandemic. Methods: A total of 182 internal medicine physicians used Hill-Rom tracking devices to measure time spent at bedside while on the teaching hospital medicine service between September 2019 and November 2020 at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio. Time spent before and after March 2020, the outbreak of the pandemic were compared. Physicians’ wellbeing was evaluated before and during the pandemic using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education survey. Patients’ satisfaction was assessed via the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems questionnaire and correlated to bedside time. Results: From 88,661 time records collected during the 65-week study, 44,710 (50.43%) met the quality standards and were included in the analysis. The average time spent at bedside per patient before and during the pandemic was 12.12 and 7.85 minutes, respectively. Time decreased by 3.33 minutes for interns, 6.10 minutes for residents, and 2.70 minutes for staff. The pandemic correlated with physicians’ decreased vitality and meaning in work. Patients’ satisfaction did not correlate with bedside time. Conclusion: Internal medicine physicians spent less time with patients during the pandemic and had worsened vitality and satisfaction with work. Physicians’ time spent at bedside did not correlate with patients’ satisfaction.

Abstract Background Although the accumulation of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data has accelerated the identification of mutations underlying complex traits, its impact on the accuracy of genomic predictions is limited. Reliable genotyping data and pre-selected beneficial loci can be used to improve prediction accuracy. Previously, we reported a low-coverage sequencing genotyping method that yielded 11.3 million highly accurate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pigs. Here, we introduce a method termed selective linkage disequilibrium pruning (SLDP), which refines the set of SNPs that show a large gain during prediction of complex traits using whole-genome SNP data. Results We used the SLDP method to identify and select markers among millions of SNPs based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) prior information. We evaluated the performance of SLDP with respect to three real traits and six simulated traits with varying genetic architectures using two representative models (genomic best linear unbiased prediction and BayesR) on samples from 3579 Duroc boars. SLDP was determined by testing 180 combinations of two core parameters (GWAS P-value thresholds and linkage disequilibrium r2). The parameters for each trait were optimized in the training population by five fold cross-validation and then tested in the validation population. Similar to previous GWAS prior-based methods, the performance of SLDP was mainly affected by the genetic architecture of the traits analyzed. Specifically, SLDP performed better for traits controlled by major quantitative trait loci (QTL) or a small number of quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN). Compared with two commercial SNP chips, genotyping-by-sequencing data, and an unselected whole-genome SNP panel, the SLDP strategy led to significant improvements in prediction accuracy, which ranged from 0.84 to 3.22% for real traits controlled by major or moderate QTL and from 1.23 to 11.47% for simulated traits controlled by a small number of QTN. Conclusions The SLDP marker selection method can be incorporated into mainstream prediction models to yield accuracy improvements for traits with a relatively simple genetic architecture, however, it has no significant advantage for traits not controlled by major QTL. The main factors that affect its performance are the genetic architecture of traits and the reliability of GWAS prior information. Our findings can facilitate the application of WGS-based genomic selection.

ABSTRACTA remote-controlled hybrid wind–solar powered water extraction system is proposed to address the problem of reliable drinking water supplies for livestock and farming populations in remote rural areas. Structural configurations, working principles, characteristics, and operating performance of the system are analysed. Advantages of this promising system include: a wide range of applications, low carbon emissions, low energy consumption, reduced labour requirements, and suitability for remote control in remote areas. The application of clean energy is crucial to guaranteeing water supplies for livestock production and survival of farming communities in remote areas.

To promote the construction of ecological civilization and fundamentally solve ecological and environmental problems, it is necessary to form green and low-carbon production and lifestyle. This article focuses on the cognitive system of green and low-carbon production methods and lifestyles, analyzes the key elements of green and low-carbon production methods and lifestyle systems, and proposes typical scenarios and models of energy and electricity promoting terminal green energy consumption from an energy perspective. Based on economic and social perspectives, it constructs green cost guidance mechanisms and green behavior training mechanisms to comprehensively support the development of green and low-carbon production methods and lifestyles, and accelerate the construction of a green background for ecological civilization.

In the implementation process of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), there has been a consistent augmentation in the openness of international maritime routes, concomitant with the fortification of logistical infrastructure. This dynamic has bestowed noteworthy prospects for the evolution and progression of international maritime logistics supply chains. It is imperative for pertinent sectors to capitalize on these developmental opportunities and to investigate pioneering reform pathways. This paper elucidates the strategic significance of the BRI, scrutinizes the developmental opportunities it confers upon international maritime logistics supply chains, and concomitantly proffers precise developmental pathways.

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are considered one of the most promising and efficient hydrogen conversion technologies due to their ability to use cost-effective materials. However, AEMFCs are still in the early stage of development and the lack of suitable anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is one major obstacle. In this review, we highlight three major challenges in AEMs development and discuss recent scientific advancements that address these challenges. We identify current trends and provide a perspective on future development of AEMs.

Abstract Background Rabbit wool traits are important in fiber production and for model organism research on hair growth, but their genetic architecture remains obscure. In this study, we focused on wool characteristics in Angora rabbits, a breed well-known for the quality of its wool. Considering the cost to generate population-scale sequence data and the biased detection of variants using chip data, developing an effective genotyping strategy using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (LCS) data is necessary to conduct genetic analyses. Results Different genotype imputation strategies (BaseVar + STITCH, Bcftools + Beagle4, and GATK + Beagle5), sequencing coverages (0.1X, 0.5X, 1.0X, 1.5X, and 2.0X), and sample sizes (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600) were compared. Our results showed that using BaseVar + STITCH at a sequencing depth of 1.0X with a sample size larger than 300 resulted in the highest genotyping accuracy, with a genotype concordance higher than 98.8% and genotype accuracy higher than 0.97. We performed multivariate genome-wide association studies (GWAS), followed by conditional GWAS and estimation of the confidence intervals of quantitative trait loci (QTL) to investigate the genetic architecture of wool traits. Six QTL were detected, which explained 0.4 to 7.5% of the phenotypic variation. Gene-level mapping identified the fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) gene as associated with fiber growth and diameter, which agrees with previous results from functional data analyses on the FGF gene family in other species, and is relevant for wool rabbit breeding. Conclusions We suggest that LCS followed by imputation can be a cost-effective alternative to array and high-depth sequencing for assessing common variants. GWAS combined with LCS can identify new QTL and candidate genes that are associated with quantitative traits. This study provides a cost-effective and powerful method for investigating the genetic architecture of complex traits, which will be useful for genomic breeding applications.

Let $p>3$ be a prime, and let $(\frac{\cdot }{p})$ be the Legendre symbol. Let $b\in \mathbb{Z}$ and $\varepsilon \in \lbrace \pm 1\rbrace $. We mainly prove that \[ \left|\left\lbrace N_p(a,b):\ 1\lbrace ax^2+b\rbrace _p$, and $\lbrace m\rbrace _p$ with $m\in \mathbb{Z}$ is the least nonnegative residue of $m$ modulo $p$.

Nous exposons dans cet article des difficultés émergeant de la comparaison entre les unités phraséologiques du français et celles du chinois. Les écarts linguistiques et métalinguistiques font qu’il est impossible d’obtenir une correspondance terminologique stricte entre les unités phraséologiques de ces deux langues. Plusieurs taxinomies issues de la phraséologie comparative proposent de faire appel à la notion d’équivalence pour contourner ce problème et de réaliser ainsi une correspondance interlinguistique de ces unités selon leur degré d’équivalence. Néanmoins, cette solution, basée sur des analyses sémantiques et syntaxiques des constituants, ne se fait pas sans peine. Avec des exemples concrets, nous mettons en lumière les limites des critères employés dans les taxinomies existantes et effectuons une sélection raisonnée de ceux qui paraissent les plus pertinents. Notre étude fait apparaître le caractère approximatif de la notion d’équivalence et fait valoir un traitement plus souple de cette notion lorsqu’elle est appliquée au domaine de la phraséologie comparative ainsi qu’aux autres domaines annexes, telle que la phraséotraduction et la phraséodidactique.

The soil barrier factors currently present in Tuquan County, Northeast China, such as drought, waterlogging, stickiness, salt, alkalinity, and barrenness. This study chose to build a core demonstration area of 50 mu in Xinglongshan Village, Tuquan County. Seven improvement measures were adopted for soil improvement, including straw returning, alkaline amendment, desulfurization gypsum, organic fertilizer, deep tillage and deep loosening, furfural residue, and salt alkali tolerant variety screening. After adopting the above measures, the average soil pH value decreased by 0.4-0.9, the total salt content decreased by more than 10%, and the organic matter increased by more than 0.2 percentage points. The physical and chemical properties of the soil in the experimental area were significantly improved. These measures not only significantly improve the soil fertility of saline alkali farmland and increase the average grain yield by more than 15 percentage points, but also play a role in protecting farmland, thus forming a virtuous cycle.

In order to optimize maize yield and minimize nitrogen leaching, field experiments and DNDC model simulations assessed various organic-inorganic nitrogen application treatments. Trials were conducted in the Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, comparing six treatments: no nitrogen (CK), solely inorganic nitrogen (U1), and combinations where 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of inorganic nitrogen was replaced with organic nitrogen (U3O1, U1O1, U1O3, O1). The DNDC model was calibrated using the U1 treatment data from 2018-2020 and validated with other treatments. Results indicated the model accurately simulated maize yield (NRMSE < 5°%) and nitrate nitrogen leaching (NRMSE < 15%). Simulation outcomes demonstrated that increasing inorganic nitrogen application reduced crop yield and significantly increased nitrate leaching. Conversely, higher proportions of organic nitrogen, along with adjusted irrigation and frequency of inorganic nitrogen fertilization, increased maize yield while reducing nitrate leaching. At a fixed nitrogen application rate of 240 kg hm−2, maize yield initially rose and then declined with increasing organic nitrogen ratios, while nitrate nitrogen leaching decreased consistently. Optimal results were achieved with a 3:2 ratio of organic to inorganic nitrogen, yielding 12578 kg hm−2 with nitrate nitrogen leaching at 15.7 kg NO-3-N hm−2, indicating this ratio as the preferred method for combined nitrogen application in the region.

During the oil and gas drilling process, inefficient cuttings transport may elevate cuttings concentration, leading to higher Equivalent Circulating Density (ECD) and easily triggering a series of wellbore stability issues. In this paper, a new type of annulus cleaning tool is developed, incorporating the H- B non-Newtonian fluid model and a coupled CFD-DEM to construct a numerical model for analyzing the cuttings transport behavior within the multi-layer wellbore annulus using the cleaning tool. The model, validated against experiments, reveals factors affecting Cuttings Transport Ratio (CTR). Through Box- Behnken Design (BBD), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), a correlation function for CTR is derived to optimize the cleaning tool parameters. Findings show an initial increase then decrease in CTR with nozzle quantity, diameter, and angle. Decreasing hydraulic diameter enhances CTR, whereas nozzle diameter variation has minimal impact at smaller diameters. After optimization, CTR reaches 95.76% with 4 nozzles of 10mm diameter, 32° angle, and 57mm hydraulic diameter. These results guide cleaning tool optimization design , improving cuttings transport efficiency, and ensuring safe oil and gas production.

Combustible gas alarm is mainly used to detect the concentration of combustible gas in the environment and issue the corresponding level of alarm which is an effective early warning tool to prevent gas leakage. However, due to the uneven quality of combustible gas alarms sold on the market, there are certain difficulties for the government in market access, testing agencies in quality control, and users in later maintenance. In order to promote the industry of combustible gas alarm to further and improve product quality, this study selected 60 batches of combustible gas alarms from a first-tier city in China and tested them in accordance with the national compulsory standard GB 15322-2019 Combustible Gas Detectors, conducting price and quality analysis of combustible gas alarms from different procurement channels and different product types according to the test results and putting forward solutions and development suggestions for nonconforming projects.

To address the significant challenge of supply-demand balance in the power system and better coordinate the energy and information interaction between electric vehicles and smart grids, vehicular grid interaction has been extensively studied. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, and non-tamperability, which is naturally suitable for distributed transactions with virtual power plants. However, the current distributed energy transactions of virtual power plants face challenges in credit management and privacy protection, which are not conducive to the stability of the trading market. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based distributed energy trading scheme for virtual power plants, which realizes distributed trading while protecting the user’s identity information and providing credit management for the user’s performance behaviour. Finally, the performance evaluation and security analysis of the scheme based on security and privacy requirements show that the scheme is both secure and practical.

The research object selected in the article is the 11 airport-type national logistics hubs (except Qingdao and Wuhan-Ezhou) that have been selected for the construction list, for which the evaluation system of the development potential of the airport-type national logistics hubs is established, and the weights of the indexes are calculated by using the combination of CRITIC-entropy weighting method, and evaluated and analyzed by using the one-dimensional and pentagonal multi-dimensional evaluation methods respectively, and then analyzed by comparing and contrasting, based on the results of the evaluation. The evaluation results are divided into types by cluster analysis. The results show that: the two factors that have the greatest influence on the development of airport-type hubs are the scale of hub facilities and the economic support capacity of the hub-bearing cities; the types of airport-type national logistics hubs are divided into three types: development advantages, development stability and development potential; the development situation of each type of hub is analyzed and development suggestions are given. Thus, it plans the networked and cooperative operation system of the airport-type national logistics hub from the perspective of top-level design for the relevant national departments, and provides reference for the planning and construction of the subsequent hubs.

The community evacuation process is a complex system, coupled and linked by multiple interactions, and traditional safety engineering methods are unable to explain how multiple causes can lead to an incident. By introducing the concept of mediated centrality and constructing the BC-FRAM critical risk factor identification model for residential evacuation, the Betweeness Centrality- Functional Resonance Accident Model (BC-FRAM) solves the problem that traditional functional resonance methods can ignore risk modules with low performance fluctuations but high impact levels in complex networks. The ability of the BC-FRAM model to identify key risk factors in community evacuation is improved by a factor of 1 and the ability to identify failed functional connections is improved by 44.4% over the traditional FRAM model.

This article presents a weighing preparation method for reference gases of nitric oxide (NO) in carbon dioxide (CO2). High-purity standard gases - NO and CO2 are used as raw materials. The relative expanded uncertainty of concentration analytic results of NO in CO2 reference gases is 3% (k=2), which proves excellent uniformity and stability of the prepared reference gases that can be used for accuracy evaluation of analytic instruments applied to detection of NO in food additive CO2. The preparation method can also be applied to prepare other reference gases with variety of concentrations and components.

Pre-strengthening hot/warm forming (PHF) technology can effectively shorten the microstructure evolution process of aluminium alloy deformation and heat treatment, and has a broad application prospect. In this paper, the process parameters in PHF are abstracted into sequence data, which is used as the input of long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) model to predict mechanical properties of aluminium alloy components after PHF process. Besides, the prediction models based on Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) are established and compared with LSTM model. In addition, a Few-Shot Learning method based on the constitutive model is proposed to predict the properties of aluminium alloys.

The prolonged duration of winter season and the occurrence of extreme low temperatures present significant challenges when implementing mechanical ventilation systems in severe cold regions. These challenges encompass substantial requirements for heating supply air and frequent operations for defrosting. Heat stored in the ground has the potential to be harnessed for pre-conditioning supply air through the utilization of an earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE). This study focuses on evaluating the heating performance of the EAHE when integrated into a heat recovery ventilation system. The energy model of a case building in Harbin and the proposed ventilation system were simulated in IDA ICE. The results show that as the outdoor temperature drops, the proportion of heat supplied by EAHE increases, leading to a decrease in reliance on reheater to heat supply air. This underscores the advantages of applying EAHE to preheat fresh air in colder climates.

In this paper, the Johansen formation in the Norwegian CO2 geologic sequestration project is taken as the research object, and a multi-field coupled chemical-seepage-stress model is established to analyze the effects of CO2-water-rock reaction on the mechanical structural parameters, such as the pore pressure and the effective stress. Tensile safety factor and shear safety factor of the caprock are selected as evaluation indexes to describe the evolution of the caprock mechanical sealing ability over time dynamically. The simulation results show that the mechanical parameters change a lot during 0-50 years, and the change of mechanical parameters near the injection wells is larger than that far away from the injection wells, indicating that mechanical damage is more likely to occur near the injection wells. However, in 200 years, the tensile safety factor and shear safety factor of the caprock are always greater than 0, indicating that no tensile damage or shear damage occurs in the caprock, and the caprock sealing ability is good.

Overseas long-distance natural gas pipelines usually span across multiple regions or even countries, facing more severe environmental conditions and more prone to leakage and other accidents, and the study of the optimization method of emergency resource scheduling for overseas long-distance natural gas pipeline leakage accidents can help to reduce the casualties and property losses. Therefore, this paper establishes an emergency resource scheduling model in line with the emergency disposal mechanism of overseas long-distance natural gas pipeline leakage accidents, takes into account the variability of the operating ability of maintenance personnel, and improves the accuracy of the scheduling program to a certain extent, and also considers the actual environment of overseas long-distance natural gas pipelines, takes into account the impact of landslides on the emergency scheduling time, and calculates the probability of landslides occurring in the landslide point by using the interpolated value of rainfall The rainfall interpolation is used to calculate the probability of landslide at the landslide point, and the emergency dispatching time is corrected to make the dispatching program more in line with the actual demand. The analysis of the results shows that the emergency resource scheduling time is dominant in the case of small amount of maintenance and repair work and short total maintenance and repair time.

The net irrigation water requirement (NIWR) in the irrigated area is the “terminal” of water-use efficiency and the basis for implementing quota management and water-saving incentives. Also, it is significant for farmland water management and water conservation in irrigated areas. In light of the average water consumption per mu and the crop area, which are two key indicators of the NIWR, this paper adopts the field selection measurement method and the statistical method based on the image patches achieved by China’s third national land survey to acquire the data of water consumptions and crop areas. In this case, four principles of field selection are proposed, including “basic requirements”, “moderate size”, “controllable water inflow”, and “measurement practicality”, in an attempt to increase the number of fields selected for analysis. In addition, based on the image patches, the “complete investigation” and the “typical investigation” are suggested for irrigated areas at different scales to determine the crop areas, which are proven practicable and available for evaluating the water-use efficiency of irrigated areas at different scales.

Driven by the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, Sichuan Province, with its abundant hydropower and renewable energy resources, possesses the feasibility to pioneer in constructing a provincial-level carbon-neutral power system in China. However, current grid planning lacks sufficient consideration for carbon emission related goals and constraints. To investigate the carbon emission evolution path of Sichuan Power Grid under the carbon neutrality goal, firstly, the distribution and development status of clean energy sources in Sichuan are clarified in this paper, and the low-carbon technology combination for Sichuan Power Grid's transition is determined. Then, load forecasting and other relevant factors are also combined to form boundary conditions for planning. Based on this, power source and grid planning research are carried out, exploring the two-stage evolutionary trajectory—transition period and formation period. Finally, employing the carbon emission flow theory, the carbon emissions at each phase are analysed, depicting the progressive realization of carbon neutrality in Sichuan Power Grid from the perspective of carbon emission flow.

Cenospheres, as an important value-added product in fly ash, are particles with a hollow spherical structure. Cenospheres are widely used in industry for their unique properties. However, most of the industries use wet separation, which consumes a lot of water and land resources and pollutes the ecological environment, so it is of great significance to study dry separation. In this study, a customized cyclone separator was used to separate cenospheres from fly ash, and the effect of inlet wind speed on the separation efficiency was investigated. The best separation efficiency was achieved at an inlet wind speed of 13 m/s for a fly ash mixture configured with 15% hollow cenospheres, with a Newton's efficiency of 0.687, which is slightly higher than that of the wet method of 0.6. The larger the pore size, the easier the cenospheres could be separated.

L’apprentissage des expressions idiomatiques françaises (EI) représente souvent un défi pour les apprenants étrangers en raison de leur non-compositionnalité sémantique et de leurs contraintes syntaxiques. Cependant, toutes les EI ne présentent pas la même difficulté, et l’influence de la L1 des apprenants est un aspect crucial dans l’acquisition d’une langue étrangère. Des études antérieures ont montré que les connaissances des EI en L1 peuvent faciliter ou compliquer l’apprentissage des EI en L2. Cette recherche se penche sur la question de savoir si ces observations basées sur les langues indo européennes sont appliquables à des langues distantes, sans rapprochement linguistiques ou culturelles, comme c’est le cas entre le chinois et le français. Pour mieux comprendre l’apprentissage des EI en L2 dans le cas où la L1 et la L2 sont éloignées, nous avons mené une étude expérimentale avec 39 apprenants chinois de niveau intermédiaire en français. Les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que, malgré l’éloignement entre les langues, l’équivalence interlinguistique joue un rôle dans l’efficacité de la compréhension et de la production des EI. Cependant, l’effet de ce facteur se manifeste de manière différente par rapport aux études sur des langues indo européennes, soulignant l’importance de prendre en compte les spécificités des langues distantes dans le processus d’apprentissage de ces expressions.

With the gradual increase in demand for new energy, new types of energy storage devices have rapidly developed in recent years. Currently, new energy batteries led by lithium-ion batteries have begun to be applied in the automotive field. However, lithium-ion batteries suffer from issues such as low energy density, slow charging rates, and short operational lifespans. To mitigate and address the drawbacks of lithium-ion batteries, researchers have begun developing supercapacitors. This article first categorizes and compares some common energy storage devices, concluding that supercapacitors have significant advantages in charging rates and stability. Then, based on the dimensionality of nanomaterials, it categorizes and compares electrode materials used in supercapacitors, discussing three ways of constructing electrodes using 1D, 2D, and 1D-2D combined materials. Through classification, comparison, and discussion, it ultimately concludes that growing nanomaterials on a millimeter-scale structural substrate effectively increases material specific surface area and stability, thereby greatly enhancing the performance of supercapacitors.

The paper presents a series of experimental studies on the anisotropic small strain stiffness of a biocemented glass sand. Multidirectional shear wave velocities were measured on the isotropic consolidated samples in a triaxial cell. The biotreatment method, shear wave velocity, and its anisotropy of the biocemented sand were reported. It is found that the shear wave velocity increases with the increase of cementation level and the stiffness anisotropy firstly increases then decreases with the increase of cementation level. The paper aims to provide a new way to simulate the undisturbed state of sandy soils in laboratory with the microbially induced calcite precipitation technique.

Offshore wind turbines are usually founded on monopiles. During the operation period, the structure is subjected to complex lateral loading from wind, wave and current. The soils surrounding those monopiles may deform with increasing the number of loading cycles, leading to tilting of the whole structure; hence, it is vital to carry out physical model tests to examine the long-term performance of monopiles. This study proposes an innovative experimental setup for centrifuge modelling of the response of monopiles under complex lateral loading. Hydraulic actuators are adopted to apply lateral loads on model pile, and electrohydraulic servo-valves and associated controllers are used to achieve a closed loop position or load control. A carefully designed spherical hinge and load bars are used to connect the model pile and actuator shafts. This enables that the pile can rotate freely and can move vertically freely. A centrifuge test on a winged monopole subjected to perpendicular lateral loading was carried out at 100g. The experimental results shed light on pile responses in the cyclic loading and constant loading directions.

CO2 emissions from heavy-duty vehicles are an important source of greenhouse gases in the transportation sector. However, there is a lack of in-depth research on the characteristics of CO2 emission factors of multiple types of heavy-duty vehicles. The paper conducts a study on the characteristics of carbon dioxide emission factors of multi-type heavy-duty vehicles, with a focus on tractors, heavy-duty trucks, and dump trucks. A method based on C-WTVC for VSP-Bin interval division is proposed to establish a unified bin interval for heavy-duty vehicles, and calculate the CO2 emission factors of different types of heavy-duty vehicles. The study indicates that the carbon dioxide emission factors of tractors are mainly distributed in suburb and highway intervals. The carbon dioxide emission factors of heavy-duty trucks are distributed across three intervals. The CO2 emission factors of dump trucks are concentrated in suburb intervals.

The odor in a car can have a negative impact on human health, mood, and mentality. Therefore, it is imperative to find an appropriate method to trace the odor and identify the substances that cause it. Three odor testing methods were utilized to evaluate seat-related materials. Subjective evaluation still holds an advantage in odor typing, and many odor types of vehicles and seats are inevitably correlated. By combining subjective and objective methods, 11 types of odor substances can be identified using GC-MSODP. Based on these substances, the relationship with the odor type can be determined in a single step. As a purely objective testing method, GC-IMS can identify 16 types of odor substances by leveraging its principle advantages, which can replace the olfactory identification of the ODP process, reduce harm to personnel, and also facilitate large-scale testing. Degree analysis and other procedures can be employed to effectively control product consistency. However, to achieve better odor traceability and consistency control, it is necessary to develop accurate quantitative methods for GC-IMS.

Hollow microbeads, derived from fly ash emitted by power plants, are hollow microbeads composed of various compounds including SiO2 and Al2O3. These microspheres exhibit a high specific surface area and stable chemical properties. In this work, HM-MoS2 was synthesized through a two-step hydrothermal method to address the issues of low adsorption efficiency and high operational costs associated with the utilization of hollow microbeads in actual power plant applications. The experiments demonstrated that under simulated power plant flue gas conditions, the adsorption efficiency of HM-15 for elemental mercury (Hg0) exceeded 96%. Additionally, HM-15 displayed resistance to SO2 and NO gases, indicating its potential as a mercury adsorbent material with promising industrial applications.

The hygroscopicity represents a vital physicochemical attribute of aerosols, governing their phase state, acidity, viscosity, chemical reactivity, and other properties, thereby influencing various atmospheric processes, including visibility, radiative forcing, and the formation of cloud condensation nuclei. In this study, the hygroscopicity of common inorganic aerosol particles (NH4)2SO4 and NaCl in the atmosphere was determined using a physisorption analyzer under 298 K conditions, exploring its application prospects in measuring atmospheric aerosol hygroscopicity. By measuring the adsorption of particles to water vapor at different relative humidity (RH) levels, the variation curve of the aerosol particle hygroscopic mass growth factor (MGF) and deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) were obtained. Comparisons with vacuum FTIR methods, the Extended Aerosol Inorganic Model (EAIM), and relevant literature data showed good agreement. This research paves the way for future applications of physisorption analyzer in the study of atmospheric aerosols.

In this study, three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the detection system of clinical renal function marker β2-microglobulin latex enhanced immune turbidity, so as to prepare a detection system with a wider linear range, solve the false negative problem in clinical detection of high-concentration samples, and improve the detection accuracy. Based on latex enhanced immunoturbidimetry, automatic biochemical analyzer was used to establish the linear relationship between the β2-microglobulin standard with different concentrations and the absorbance change value of 546 nm, and optimize the antibody source, latex microsphere particle size, activator concentration, sealer concentration and buffer system in the β2-microglobulin detection system. The linear range and accuracy of the optimized detection system were evaluated. After optimization, the optimal detection system was obtained, and its detection linear range was 0.2-30 mg/L, which reached the upper limit of the reference range of β2-microglobulin in normal population by 10 times, and the accuracy was in line with clinical standards, which solved the false negative problem of high-concentration samples in clinical testing, eliminated the repeated dilution process of high-concentration samples, simplified the detection steps, and improved the detection accuracy.

This paper introduces freight buses as a novel solution for city logistics, aiming to replace other freighters currently operated by various private logistics firms within city centers. The focus lies on investigating the route planning challenge associated with integrating freight buses into an city distribution framework. Each freight bus follows a predefined route, repeatedly traversing from a distribution center to multiple depots before returning to the distribution center. All depots are serviced by multiple freight buses on a consistent basis. This route planning problem presents a fresh iteration of the periodic vehicle routing problem. To tackle this challenge, the paper proposes a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming model, serving as a fundamental framework for future research endeavors concerning freight buses.

This paper provided a comprehensive overview of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which is a severe mental health condition after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. PTSD is marked by persistent, distressing recollections of the traumatic incident, which includes flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety, along with uncontrollable thoughts about the event. This paper discussed the various etiology, manifestation and treatments associated with PTSD. Key symptoms are outlined, aligning with the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis. Treatment options, including psychotherapy and medication, are explored, alongside the challenges faced in treatment accessibility and effectiveness. Additionally, this paper delves into emerging research in PTSD, exploring new therapeutic approaches and future directions in understanding and managing the disorder. This overview aims to shed light on the complexities of PTSD, advocating for increased awareness and support for those affected by this challenging mental health condition. Future studies should delve into the mechanisms of PTSD and try developing more effective therapies

With the continuous progress of Internet technology, the retail industry is undergoing digital transformation, and supply chain management plays an important role in the transformation of the retail industry. This paper has an in-depth discussion of Hema Fresh’s new retail model based on the B2B background and analyzes the retail model transformation path of Hema Fresh from the perspective of digitalization. This paper explores the problems in the supply chain of supermarket chains driven by new retail. Hema Fresh needs to integrate digital means in the transformation of the new retail model and plan the layout in combination with the actual situation of the actual enterprise development. This paper analyzes the development path of Hema Fresh by combining the actual cases and concludes that Hema Fresh needs to reconstruct the supply chain structure to increase its market share. By analyzing the actual situation of enterprise development, it puts forward the transformation and upgrading strategy of Hema Fresh, hoping to provide effective suggestions for the development of retail enterprises.

Energy-saving buildings have become a topical issue and widely used the energy-saving ventilation design, which aims to maximize the use of natural ventilation while reducing demand on mechanical ventilation. In this research, natural ventilation performance of two different semi-enclosed building layouts, "O" type and "L-L" type, are studied by numerical simulation. According to the simulation results, in the "O" type, the maximum indoor air velocity occurs in building A (orientation facing the inflow direction). The minimum indoor air velocity occurs in building C (orientation facing building A). In the "L-L" type, the maximum indoor air velocity occurs in building A (orientation facing the inflow direction). The minimum indoor air velocity occurs in buildings B and D (orientation parallel to the inflow direction). And air flow field simulation results show that, the "L-L" type exhibits better than the "O" type in natural ventilation. Furthermore, simulation results show that the natural ventilation performance in the room is influenced not only by the building orientation, but also by the window size.

In China, tight sandstone gas reservoirs are widely distributed, yet their development is hindered by issues such as low extraction efficiency and a monotonous extraction approach. To enhance the efficiency of tight sandstone gas extraction, this study investigates the internal fracture network characteristics of sandstone and its correlation with chemical solutions. Employing the sandstone acid fracturing technique, an experimental setup under gravitational conditions is established. Through this apparatus, fracturing experiments are primarily conducted on rocks utilizing the acid fracturing technique. The experimental findings suggest that the acid-fracturing coupling approach effectively induces rock fracturing. Uniaxial compression tests also indicate a noticeable alteration in the elastic-plastic behavior of rock samples after chemical solution corrosion, becoming more pronounced with increasing duration. The research demonstrates that this experimental setup significantly enhances the fracturing of sandstone and consequently improves the extraction of tight sandstone gas, holding crucial reference value.

The construction of carbon market is one of the important means for China to reach the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, and the allocation of initial carbon emission right quota is the key link in carbon market transaction. At present, the historical method is the commonly used allocation method of initial carbon emission rights in China, and the use of this method is unfair and inefficient. Therefore, this paper proposes an allocation optimization model, selects a number of indicators, and optimizes the allocation of initial carbon emission rights based on the hierarchical analysis method and entropy weight method. Example analysis shows that the allocation optimization model helps to share the carbon emission responsibility and improve the allocation efficiency, realizes the optimal allocation of initial carbon emission rights among industrial sectors, and provides support for the emission reduction of industrial sectors.

Excel itself has very powerful functions: including printing documents, file processing, formatting and text editing; Exl has a large number of built-in functions, its operation interface is very familiar to the public, and can connect to a variety of databases. Therefore, it has become a widely used application development platform. For a task that needs to be repeated frequently in Excel, you can record all the steps of executing these tasks in the macro and turn the macro into an automatically executable task. In this way, it is unnecessary to repeat the operation, save a lot of manpower and improve the work efficiency. Today, I will study the relevant knowledge of Excel macros with you.

With the increasing energy and the gradual exhaustion of fossil energy, the development of sustainable energy is imminent. The land-based photovoltaic power station has become increasingly saturated in terms of space, and the photovoltaic power layout is beginning to move towards the deep sea. Therefore, the research of floating offshore photovoltaic technology has become very important. However, the research on the basic design of floating offshore photovoltaic float is still in its infancy in China. Based on three-dimensional potential flow theory and Morison equation, this paper uses finite element method to simulate the hydrodynamic response of the float foundation, and the results show that the RAO peak response of the14m floating foundation is small and the intrinsic period is large, which is the best in the design scheme. Finally, the short-term forecast is made, which provides a certain guidance for the hydrodynamic analysis of the floating offshore photovoltaic project.

An overview of the developmental history, characteristics, and applications of infrared sensors are firstly provided in the paper. Subsequently, it delves into the sensing mechanisms of commonly employed infrared sensors in substations, namely the thermistor sensors, pyroelectric sensors, and photoconductive sensors. Thermistor infrared sensors gauge infrared radiation by tracking changes in material resistance with temperature. Pyroelectric sensors detect thermal changes in objects based on the thermal effects induced by infrared radiation. Photoconductive-type sensors leverage the photoconductive effect of semiconductors to convert optical signals into electrical signals, adapting to various light conditions. In the process of measurements, variables like temperature, distance between the target object and the infrared sensor, and electromagnetic interference impact accuracy. In extreme temperatures, the cooling precision of infrared thermal imaging systems may decline, affecting measurement accuracy. The distance between the target and sensor also influences results due to energy attenuation in the infrared radiation path through the atmosphere. Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction warns of potential electromagnetic interference signals in substations, causing device breakdowns, output image halo, or increased internal noise. Finally, the paper envisions the future development of infrared sensors.

The cultural origin of Taoism life thought includes: the mythological origin contained in matriarchal society, the rebirth conveyed by reproduction worship, and the wisdom of heaven and man nourished by witchcraft history culture. Taoism life thought is composed of life view, life and death view, rebirth theory and health theory. Taoism life thought has the distinct characteristics of life standard, natural concern and transcendent intention. The Taoist concept of “reverence for life” and “maintenance of life” is of enlightening significance to the settlement of life.

The rapid growth of household photovoltaics poses a significant challenge to the safe operation of distribution networks. To enable the unified monitoring of household photovoltaic inverters by power grid companies, this paper introduces an information interaction device for household photovoltaic inverters based on high-speed power line carrier communication and high-speed radio frequency communication. The study begins by analyzing the information access architecture of the household photovoltaic inverter, followed by a presentation of the hardware and software design of the information interaction device. Subsequent experiments conducted at various photovoltaic stations demonstrate an impressive 98% success rate for information interaction, highlighting the device’s robust reliability.

In this paper, the water quality characteristics of Xiaoqing River spillway section under sudden water pollution accident in Jiaodong water transfer project are simulated and analyzed by using hydrodynamic water quality model. Through the simulation of two different scenarios, it is found that the pollution impact time of pollutants is different, and the concentration change of pollutants is mainly affected by the decay time, in which the diversion velocity and flow rate are the decisive factors. The sudden water pollution accident caused the level of pollutants at the site to rise by 5-20%, highlighting the urgency of water quality safety.

As the primary territories of regional carbon emission and energy consumption, most industrial parks only simply stack technology and policy under the urgent goal of emission reduction and carbon reduction. As a result, certain measures may even have negative impacts. As the primary means to determine the characteristics of carbon emissions in industrial parks, studying the driving factors of carbon emissions and proposing targeted measures can effectively achieve the carbon emission reduction goals. However the mechanism analysis of driving factors of carbon emission in industrial parks is the important means to study the characteristics of carbon emission. The selection of driving factors is many and complicated, and the selection of mechanism analysis methods is different, so it is difficult to have a comparison of research results Based on the quantitative relationship model between carbon emissions and driving factors and the method of action mechanism analysis in industrial parks, this paper evaluates and compares the relevant studies, summarizes their advantages and disadvantages, and makes relevant comments and prospects. For providing reference for the practice of driving factors of carbon emission in industrial parks, and put forward the basis for the research of carbon emission prediction.

In the current global context, it is crucial to forecast trends in new energy electric vehicles. In this study, we used three forecasting models, namely, grey prediction, time series analysis and BP neural network, and compared and evaluated the forecasting effects of the models, which showed that the evaluation indexes of BP neural network model were much better than those of the other models, in which the coefficient of determination (R2) reaches 0.9929, which indicates that the prediction of BP neural network model is the most effective. The results showed that the new energy electric vehicle industry in China as a whole showed a steady and benign development trend.

While global climate risk is increasing substantially with greenhouse gas emission, energy transition is a key approach to alleviate this concern. This paper constructs the difference in difference model (DID) and the difference-in-differences based propensity score matching model (PSM-DID) to estimate the effects of China’s Environmental Protection Tax Law on energy transition and its transmission path. The empirical results show that (1) China’s Environmental Protection Tax Law can promote energy transition through electrification, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. (2) China’s Environmental Protection Tax Law can facilitate energy transition by improving both the quantity and the quality of industrial structure upgrading. The findings of this paper not only enrich the literature on the energy transition and environmental tax designs in developing countries but also provide an empirical reference for the government to promote energy transition orderly by implementing environmental tax.