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The current study was conducted to investigate the interaction between the central adrenergic and histaminergic systems and the broiler chick’s feed intake. In the first experiment, the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of solutions was conducted which included 10 nmol of prazosin (an α1-receptor antagonist), 300 nmol of histamine, co-injection of prazosin and histamine. Experiments two to five were conducted similarly the same as the first experiment, in which chickens were ICV injected with 13 nmol of yohimbine (an α2-receptor antagonist), 24 nmol of metoprolol (a β1 adrenergic receptor antagonist), 5 nmol of ICI 118,551 (a β2 adrenergic receptor antagonist), and 20 nmol of SR 59230R (a β3 adrenergic receptor antagonist). The injected solutions in the sixth experiment included 300 nmol of noradrenaline, 250 nmol of α-FMH (an alpha fluoromethyl histidine), noradrenaline, and α-FMH. Seventh to ninth experiments were similar to the sixth experiment, except that the chickens were ICV injected with 300 nmol of chlorpheniramine (a histamine H1 receptors antagonist), 82 nmol of famotidine (a histamine H2 receptors antagonist), and 300 nmol of thioperamide (a histamine H3 receptors antagonist), rather than α-FMH. Afterward, the cumulative food intake was measured 120 min after injection. Based on the obtained results, both histamine ICV injection and noradrenaline injection reduced food intake (P

This study purposed to discover the connection between the central glutamatergic and histaminergic systems on feeding behavior in layer chickens. In the first experiment, chicks obtained intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of saline (control solution), α-FMH (250 nmol), glutamate (300 nmol), and α-FMH + glutamate. Experiments 2-6 were comparable to the first experiment, apart from the birds being injected with chlorpheniramine (histamine H1 receptor antagonist, 300 nmol), famotidine (histamine H2 receptor antagonist, 82 nmol), and thioperamide (histamine H3 receptor antagonist, 300 nmol) instead of α-FMH. In Experiment five, experimental groups were divided into (A) control solution, (B) MK-801 (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, 15 nmol), (C) histamine (300 nmol) and (D) MK-801 + histamine. Experiments 6-10 and Experiment five were similar apart from the ICV injections of CNQX (AMPA receptor antagonist, 360 nm), UBP-302 (Kainate receptor antagonist, 390 nm), AIDA (mGluR1 antagonist, 2 nmol), LY341495 (mGluR2 antagonist, 150 nmol), and UBP1112 (mGluR3 antagonist, 2 nmol) given instead of MK-801. Afterward, cumulative food intake was recorded at30, 60, and 120 minutes after the injection process. According to the results, ICV injection of glutamate considerably reduced food intake (p

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Histamine is responsible for many processes mediated by different receptors expressed on a variety of cells. The discovery of the first H1 antihistamines in the 1940s led to the development of numerous H1 and H2 antagonists with a broad application in many indications. The recent identification of two new histamine receptors (H3, H4) in the 1980s and 2000s led to the market authorization in Switzerland of new drugs since 2018. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the physiology of histamine, the recent development of new compounds in this field, antihistamine drug indications and relevant side effects., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Information provided by the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) concerning fishery products exported from several countries to the European market as well as those exported from Morocco, during a period of 11 years (2005-2015), were studied to analyze the occurrence of histamine. A number of 46 countries were notified on the basis of non-compliant histamine content in their exported products. The total number of RASFF notifications for histamine was 1.22 % of the total number of RASFF notifications and 10.9 % of RASFF notifications for fishery products. Products originating from 8 countries (Portugal, Côte d’Ivoire, Spain, Mexico, Norway, Italy, Vietnam and China) accounted for 80 % of the highest levels of histamine. Over the period 2005-2015, the mean number of histamine notifications per country was 38 with a minimum of one notification for Norway, Sweden, Chile, Ghana, Fiji, Poland, Estonia and Germany and a maximum of 58 notifications for Spain. The average histamine content was 894.7 mg/kg. The highest histamine levels were recorded for products originating from Europe (1367.2 mg/kg) followed by those from America (1169.7 mg/kg), Asia (712.6 mg/kg), Australia (638.4 mg/kg) and Africa (600.4 mg/kg). On the other hand, Asia recorded the highest number of notifications (n = 213; 50.2 %) followed by Europe (n = 101; 23.8 %). The maximum number of notifications concerned tuna (n = 247; 62 %). For Morocco, the mean number of RASFF notifications for histamine levels was 5/year with an average content of 506.8 mg/kg, sardine being the main notified fish species (n = 42; 82.4 % ) but the highest content was in anchovy (910.3 mg / kg). In terms of tonnage, the histamine incriminated products originating from Morocco remain low and constitute 0.014% of the total fish quantity exported. The economic and social consequences of these notifications are not negligible and must be taken into account. Analysis of these RASFF data also revealed that the average content of histamine incriminated in histamine intoxications is 2075.8 mg / kg and that 78% are contents greater than 1000 mg/kg. In other words, it can be argued unequivocally that the current safety limit of 200 mg/kg provides consumer protection.

Urticaria is a frequent disease and exist in an acute or chronic form. The pathophysiology, focused on mast cells and histamine among other mediators, is an active research field but still poorly understood. The medical care focus on the avoidance of triggers and aggravating factors. The recommended drug therapy has not changed. The acknowledgment of chronic urticaria as a chronic disease is essential according to the last international recommendations. Acknowledging the disease morbidity and consequences, in a private, social or professional environment, allows better medical care for patients. The latter should get support on the long term, thanks to multiple diagnostic and therapeutic guidance tools., Competing Interests: Les auteur-es n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Résumé: Les mastocytoses sont des maladies rares et hétérogènes, autant par leur présentation clinique et biologique que par leur pronostic ou leur traitement. On distingue classiquement les formes cutanées pures (90 %) et les formes systémiques (10 %). Parmi les nombreuses manifestations de cette maladie, les symptômes digestifs sont fréquents et sont parfois invalidant. Les symptômes gastro-intestinaux les plus fréquents sont les douleurs abdominales, la diarrhée, les nausées et vomissements. Ces manifestations cliniques sont soit en rapport avec la libération de médiateurs mastocytaires (comme l'histamine), soit la conséquence d'une infiltration tumorale. Les lésions observées peuvent concerner l'œsophage, l'estomac (avec notamment une grande fréquence d'ulcères), l'intestin grêle, le côlon et le rectum. La pathogénie de la symptomatologie gastro-intestinale n'est pas univoque. Le diagnostic de mastocytose repose sur des critères cliniques, biologiques, histologiques et moléculaires internationaux. Le diagnostic d'une atteinte gastro-intestinale est difficile car l'histologie peut être prise en défaut. Le traitement des symptômes gastro-intestinaux des mastocytoses est adapté à chaque patient selon la gravité du tableau clinique. Il comporte deux grands axes : le premier vise à prévenir et à limiter la dégranulation et/ou ses conséquences et le second a pour objectif de contrôler la prolifération tumorale mastocytaire. ..LAN-EN Mastocytosis are rare and heterogeneous diseases, as much by their clinical and biological presentation as by their prognosis or their treatment. Classically, there is pure cutaneous (90%) and systemic (10%) forms. Among the many manifestations of this disease, digestive symptoms are common and sometimes disabling. The most common gastrointestinal symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. These clinical manifestations are either related to the release of mast cell mediators (such as histamine), or the consequence of tumor infiltration. The lesions observed may concern the esophagus, the stomach (with in particular a high frequency of ulcers), the small intestine, the colon and the rectum. The pathogenesis of gastrointestinal symptomatology is not univocal. The diagnosis of mastocytosis is based on international clinical, biological, histological and molecular criteria. The diagnosis of gastrointestinal involvement is difficult because the histology can be faulted. The treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms of mastocytosis is adapted to each patient according to the severity of the clinical picture. It has two major axes: The first aims to prevent and limit degranulation and/or its consequences and the second aims to control the proliferation of mast cell tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Certaines pathologies, relevant d’un dysfonctionnement de la réponse immunitaire, peuvent rapidement compromettre le pronostic fonctionnel de certains organes, voire le pronostic vital, car le plus souvent ce sont des maladies systémiques, de diagnostic difficile au début quand elles sont pauci-symptomatiques alors qu’elles peuvent flamber subitement. C’est pourquoi le laboratoire d’immunologie, aux techniques encore non automatisées pour certaines, et qui travaille majoritairement en série, se doit de bousculer son organisation pour répondre à la demande argumentée d’un clinicien confronté à une urgence diagnostique. Il s’agit de la recherche d’auto-anticorps dans le cadre des glomérulonéphrites rapidement progressives et des syndromes pneumo-rénaux, du dosage des médiateurs de l’allergie dans le contexte des chocs anaphylactiques, du diagnostic de l’infection tuberculeuse latente en pédiatrie, de la recherche des lymphocytes T activés en cas de syndrome d’activation macrophagique et enfin de l’analyse qualitative et quantitative des immunoglobulines, notamment devant une suspicion de syndrome d’hyperviscosité ou d’insuffisance rénale aiguë d’origine myélomateuse. Summary Some diseases with immune response dysfunction could rapidly lead to some organs failure, even could compromise the vital prognosis. Because they are pauci-symptomatic at the beginning, the diagnosis of those systemic diseases is often very difficult, whereas they could rapidly burst out. So, immunology laboratory with its even non automatized techniques and usually programmed serial immunoassays, must revised its works schedule to realize emergency test to respond to the physician's arguments in front of a clinical emergency. The diseases in question are rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pneumorenal syndrome, acute anaphylaxy reaction, latent tuberculosis, hemophagocytic syndrome and hyperviscosity syndrome and myelomatous acute renal failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les étiologies des angiœdèmes (AE) récurrents sont représentées essentiellement par deux groupes : les AE histaminiques (les plus fréquents, secondaires à une activation mastocytaire le plus souvent non IgE) et les AE bradykiniques (les plus rares). Leur diagnostic doit être rigoureux car ils ne répondent pas au même traitement. La démarche diagnostique est centrée sur la clinique. Les éléments cliniques les plus pertinents pour évoquer un AE bradykinique sont : l’absence d’urticaire associée, la durée longue des crises, la localisation abdominale. Les seules explorations biologiques pertinentes pour l’exploration des AE bradykiniques sont l’exploration du C1inh. En cas de suspicion d’un AE bradykinique à C1inh normal, il faut éliminer une forme iatrogène (secondaire aux IEC) et essayer un traitement d’épreuve par acide tranexamique. Les explorations biologiques des kininogénases et des kininases n’ont actuellement pas leur place dans la stratégie diagnostique car elles manquent de spécificité. Aussi, elles ne doivent pas être prescrites dans la pratique courante à l’heure actuelle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les réactions d'hypersensibilité immédiate, allergiques ou non, peuvent survenir après transfusion de tout produit sanguin labile. Selon les séries, elles représentent la deuxième ou la troisième cause d'évènements indésirables associés à la transfusion. Cette revue résume les connaissances physiopathologiques actuelles et les principes du diagnostic et de la prise en charge de ces réactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Les mastocytoses sont des affections caractérisées par une accumulation tissulaire anormale de mastocytes, le plus souvent dans la peau. Compte tenu de l’accumulation dans la moelle osseuse, des complications osseuses de type ostéoporose avec une augmentation du risque de fractures en particulier vertébrales peuvent être observées. L’atteinte osseuse peut également révéler le diagnostic et il faut savoir y penser en cas d’ostéopathie fragilisante. Les complications osseuses sont liées à l’infiltration par les mastocytes et à la libération de médiateurs par les mastocytes stimulés. Compte tenu du risque osseux, il est utile de faire une mesure de la densité minérale osseuse (DMO) et des radiographies des os en particulier du rachis à la recherche de fractures vertébrales. Il existe peu de données sur l’effet osseux des traitements de la mastocytose. Il est logique de proposer un traitement antiostéoporotique de type bisphosphonates compte tenu de l’augmentation de la résorption osseuse, chez les patients avec antécédent de fracture et/ou densité osseuse basse. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Non-allergic angioedema has a worrying morbidity. Clinical examination is central, as C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency will not be documented in the acute phase. In the case of anaphylaxis that does not respond to adrenaline, an early diagnosis can optimise referral of the patient to a reference healthcare establishment for a specific therapeutic protocol (icatibant, C1 inhibitor) recently updated by recommendations., (Copyright © 2022. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS.)

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Summary: Mastocytosis is a rare condition related to an abnormal proliferation of mast cells and their accumulation in tissues. Cutaneous mastocytosis is the most common form and mainly affects newborns and infants. The symptoms are caused by the release of mediators contained in mast cells, including histamine. Mastocytosis may be associated with a mutation in the gene encoding the c-kit receptor. Clinically, there are different dermatological findings, which combine acute cutaneous, digestive, or even hemodynamic manifestations in varying degrees. The diagnosis is confirmed by the histological study of a skin sample. We report here the case of a 4-month-old infant suffering from diffuse cutaneous bullous mastocytosis, a very rare variety of mastocytosis. This infant had an erosive and bullous manifestation of dermatosis, initially confused with impetigo. The proliferation of bullous lesions led to her hospitalization. Codeine intake for pain was responsible for a large and extensive bullous reaction associated with anaphylactic shock. This context of bullous spread occurring after taking codeine led to the suspicion of bullous diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis, a diagnosis that was confirmed histologically. This observation demonstrates the difficulty of mastocytosis diagnosis, mostly due to its rarity, especially in its diffuse bullous forms. The rapid deterioration of this patient, after the codeine prescription, emphasizes the importance of the eviction of histamine-releaser compounds in the management of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract: The incidence and morbimortality of immediate hypersensitivity reactions following iodinated contrast media (ICM) injection remain unknown. The diagnosis of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction relies on a triad associating the precise description of the initial clinical manifestations and their delay of onset, the results of the biological assessment performed after the reaction including histamine and tryptase serum level measurements, and the results of skin testing with the culprit agent. Analysis of these data allows identification of the pathophysiologic mechanism of the reaction and the allergen involved in case of allergic hypersensitivity. Skin tests should be performed according to strict criteria. Cross-reactivity with ICM has to be investigated in order to propose a nonreactive ICM for future procedures. Allergic hypersensitivity to a given ICM imposes its definitive avoidance but not the avoidance of all iodinated drugs. The allergenic sequence has not yet been identified but is not the iodine atom itself. Asthma and treatment with β-blockers are not risk factors of immediate allergic reactions to ICM per se, but may increase their severity. The various published protocols of premedication do not prevent the occurrence of an allergic/anaphylactic reaction to an ICM. The avoidance of the culprit ICM is the only way to prevent further reactions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Abstract: Peranesthetic anaphylactic shock (an IgE-dependant immediate hypersensitivity reaction) is caused most often by myorelaxants. Depending on the sequence of events, immediate laboratory tests are done to demonstrate histamine release, mast cell degranulation and, eventually, IgE specific for the causative agent. An elevated plasma histamine concentration can be due to an allergic mechanism or to non-specific histamine release. The blood sample must be obtained rapidly (<30min in mild reactions and <2h in severe reactions). An increased tryptase concentration, between 15min and several hours after the reaction, is evidence of mast cell activation and favors an allergic mechanism. For moderate reactions, comparison with a base-line level is recommended. The level of myorelaxant-specific IgE remains constant from the moment of the reaction to a much later time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Histamine is a chemical mediator with, in addition to its well-known effects in the acute inflammatory and allergic responses, a less known role in the regulation of the immune response. Indeed, histamine regulates the activation of T cells and notably affects Th1/Th2 balance by interfering with the cytokine network and by controlling their production. However, the numerous studies dealing with the effect of histamine during this control have given rise to several conflicting datas. These discrepancies might primarily be explained by the existence of four types of histamine receptors and their differential function and expression on cells that may therefore vary with the experimental setup. In this review, we thus highlight the complexity of this system and the existence of interactions between histamine, T cells and cytokines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Histamine is an essential mediator of the pathophysiology of many allergic diseases. It is synthesized in inflammatory and immunocompetent cells, in gastric parietal cells and in neurons (labile reserve). It can be liberated in the skin, intestines, liver and bronchi by antigen–antibody interactions as well as by drugs (for example, morphine), venoms, toxins, endogenous agents (for example, kinins), radiation, burns and inflammatory reactions. It is a potent vasodilator that can increase capillary permeability, induce bronchoconstriction, activate inflammatory cells, stimulate gastric secretion and, depending on the circumstances, inhibit or stimulate the central and peripheral nervous systems. The biological actions of histamine result from the activation of four types of receptors, H1, H2, H3 and H4. H1 receptors predominate in smooth muscle tissues (bronchi, intestines, etc.), nerve fibers and immuno-inflammatory cells. H2 receptors predominate in the stomach and heart, H3 receptors in central and peripheral nerve fibers, and H4 receptors are predominant on immuno-inflammatory cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Dendritic cells are professional antigen presenting cells, counceling innate and adaptative immune responses. They express all types of membrane histamine receptors, differencially according to their maturation state. Immature dendritic cells express H1R and H3R receptors. Their stimulation activates cell migration and costimulatory molecule expression. Mature dendritic cells express H2R, H3R and H4R, and their stimulation by histamine, decreases IL-12 secretion and is responsible for Th2 cytokine expression. Anti-histamines are H1R inverse agonists. In vitro and animal models suggest that these drugs may well act on the immune response. The presence of histamine receptors on dendritic cells and the better understanding of their roles may lead to new therapeutic perspectives of these drugs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Urticaria occurring during the perioperative period may be due to an immediate IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. The diagnosis of the mechanism of the reaction and the identification of the responsible drug require immediate and delayed investigations. The allergy workup should be done by an allergist working in collaboration with an anaesthesiologist. This workup should provide detailed information about the patient and the patient''s physician(s) and result in precise recommendations for future anaesthesias. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Résumé: Objectifs. – Les réactions d’hypersensibilité immédiate, qu’elles soient médiées par les immunoglobulines E (anaphylaxies) ou non-immunomédiées (réactions anaphylactoïdes) survenant au cours de l’anesthésie demeurent un sujet de préoccupation majeure pour les anesthésistes, dans la mesure où elles surviennent souvent de manière imprévisible, peuvent menacer la vie, et réagissent parfois mal au traitement habituel. Les auteurs rapportent les données de la dernière enquête nationale effectuée par le GERAP (Groupe d’Études des Réactions Anaphylactoïdes Peranesthésiques) en 2001 et 2002, et comparent les résultats avec ceux des enquêtes précédentes. Patients et méthodes. – Au total 712 patients ayant présenté une réaction d’hypersensibilité immédiate ont été adressés en consultation dans l’un des 40 centres d’allergo-anesthésie du GERAP. Le diagnostic d’anaphylaxie reposait sur l’existence d’une histoire clinique caractéristique, d’une élévation des taux de tryptase sérique prélevée au moment de la réaction, et de tests cutanés et/ou d’IgE spécifiques positifs, dans le cas contraire les réactions étaient qualifiées de réactions anaphylactoïdes. Résultats. – Une anaphylaxie a été diagnostiquée chez 491 patients (69 %), une réaction anaphylactoïde chez 221 patients (31 %). Les médicaments les plus fréquemment responsables d’une anaphylaxie étaient les curares (n=271, 55 %), le latex (n=112, 22,3 %) et les antibiotiques (n=74, 14,7 %). La succinylcholine (n=102, 37,6 %) et le rocuronium (n=71, 26,2 %) ont été les curares les plus fréquemment incriminés. Une réaction croisée entre différents curares a été retrouvée dans 63,4 % des cas. Aucune différence n’a été observée dans les antécédents des patients ayant présenté une réaction anaphylactique ou anaphylactoïdes (ex. atopie, intolérance alimentaire ou médicamenteuse). Cependant, l’incidence de l’atopie ou d’une intolérance alimentaire était plus élevée en cas d’anaphylaxie au latex comparée aux curares. Les manifestations cliniques étaient plus sévères en cas d’anaphylaxie. Dans cette enquête, la valeur prédictive positive d’une élévation du taux de tryptase sérique pour le diagnostic d’anaphylaxie a été estimée à 95,3 %, la valeur prédictive négative à 49 %. L’intérêt du dosage des IgE spécifiques des curares a été confirmé. Conclusion. – Ces résultats confirment la nécessité d’un bilan systématique en cas de survenue d’une réaction d’hypersensibilité immédiate survenant au cours de l’anesthésie, et l’intérêt du développement de centres de consultation spécialisé en allergo-anesthésie capables d’apporter une aide aux anesthésistes et aux allergologues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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Identification of the patients with hyperreactivity and understanding the underlying physiopathological mechanisms are crucial to prevent the occurrence of peri-operative respiratotry adverse events in these patients. Preoperative assessment and preparation is based on the maintenance of any long-term anti-inflammatory treatment, especially the inhaled steroids. Furthermore, premedication is based on the administration of a β2-agonist, antihistamine and anticholinergic drugs that are able to prevent against lung constriction induced by either vagal stimuli or endogenous mediators such as histamine. Anaesthesia management is primarily based on the use of inhalation agents and especially, isoflurane, which has both a protective and a potent bronchodilation effect. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Purpose. – Urticaria is a muco-cutaneous illness which is characterized by a dermal or hypodermal oedema due to a vasodilatation attributed to the release of histamine by mast cells and basophils. Urticaria is a very common complaint, since among 20% of the population will experience at least one episode of urticaria during their life. Chronic urticaria by definition is daily and has persisted for at least six weeks. By contrast with acute urticaria, its etiological and therapeutic approaches can present a significant challenge, leadind to repeated examinations.Current knowledge and key points. – Questioning and clinical examination are essential for the etiological diagnosis of chronic urticaria, because they are able to lead rapidly to the suspicion of several causes which can be eradicated to treat the symptoms. If no cause is found, further investigations may be required. Recent studies have shown the lack of profitability of exhaustive laboratory investigations. Thus, many authors at present time advise minimal and non expensive investigations which are determinated by anamnestic data. But most often, the etiology of urticaria remains unknown and this situation leads to the diagnosis of chronic idiopathic urticaria. The treatment of chronic urticaria is above all based on the elimination of the symptoms, either on a specific fashion if the etiological diagnosis is already known, or in a non specific way. The anti-H1 agents are the medications of choice for first line treatment.Future prospects and projects. – Pathophysiology of chronic urticaria is to date well established. As the mechanisms responsible for chronic urticaria are better defined, more therapeutic agents, which are effective on other targets than histamine, should become available. Moreover, recent advances have supported the notion that an underlying autoimmune process could account for many cases of chronic “idiopathic” urticaria. In such severe and refractory urticaria, immunomodulation therapy may bring about clinical improvement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

H1–antihistamines are antagonist drugs that block histamine at the H1 receptor level. Some also possess anti-allergic effects, but the clinical relevance of such effects is still questionable. During the past 20 years, pharmacological research has produced compounds with higher potency, longer duration of action, faster onset of action and minimal sedative effect and impairment - the so-called second generation H1–antihistamines (as opposed to the first generation H1–antihistamines). In this document, we will review the requirements for new H1–antihistamines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Coronary vasospasm is infrequent during anaphylaxis reaction. The authors describe a severe coronary spasm following iodine allergic reaction and then should to explain the physiopathology of this complication. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Mast cells are present in various tissues, especially in the epithelium surrounding blood vessels. Mast cells play a fundamental role in innate immunity, in particular in inflammatory and allergic processes where the cutaneous signs are often most visible. Classically considered as the cell involved in immediate inflammatory reactions, of which urticaria is the typical clinical presentation, mast cells have recently been implicated in the induction and regulation of antigen-specific lymphocyte responses, of which the typical clinical presentation is contact dermatitis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Introduction. – The diagnosis of chronic angioedema (localised and reversible oedema) is sometimes very difficult when there is no efficiency of anti-histaminics and corticosteroids. In these cases, bradykinin angioedema must be mentioned. Tranexamic acid is efficient and must be proposed. Study. – We reported seven patients who have a non-histaminergic angioedema since an average of 8 years. Corticosteroids and histamine-1 blockers were not efficient. Daily tranexamic acid treatment (1 g × 3 per day) controlled the disease. Three patients had no more attack. The C1Inh antigen and function levels were normal. No secondary effect was described and all patients are still being treated (average of 20 months). Conclusion. – When a non-histaminergic angioedema is suspected, tranexamic acid must be proposed as attack's treatment and as prophylactic treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of IBS, Immuno-analyse & Biologie Specialisee is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)