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The article talks about several events of Saint-Domingue, France such as Haitian Revolution. It mentions that Jean Decout is a privileged witness of the Revolution in the south of the colony; and Destitute and stranded in Baltimore "as in exile", claims free passage for France that the French consul Arcambal stubbornly refuses.

The article talks about the revolution of Saint-Domingue and the construction of minds in the ports of treaty. It mentions that the "letters of Saint-Marc5" belong to the a part of archive collection, the one containing the Colombel family papers of sailors engaged much later in the trade of Le Havre; and negotiations related to the establishment of relations between companies located in Le Havre and Saint-Marc and with the purchase of L'Alligator.

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Copyright of Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A criticism of the play "Toussaint Louverture" (1839/1850) by Alphonse de Lamartine is presented. It analyzes how the author depicts the militantism and attitude of Toussaint Louverture, the 18th century hero, abolitionist, and leader of the Haitian Revolution. Emphasis is also given to the concept of marronage, or Maroons (fugitive slaves), the speeches given by Louverture, and the revolutionary context.

Copyright of Revue des Sciences Sociales is the property of Universite des Sciences Humaines and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dans la mémoire collective haïtienne, le terme congo est une insulte ; il désigne une personne encline à la soumission et à la trahison. C'est là une image paradoxale, au [...]

Deux constats sont à l'origine de cet article : le sens attribué dans la vie courante en Haïti aux termes << nègre >>, << africain >> et << citoyen >>, [...]

L'Acte d'indépendance d'Haïti n'est jamais questionné ; archivé une fois pour toutes, il souscrit à la norme du registre : acte de naissance, de baptême, de mariage ... Pourtant, son [...]

The article discusses the languages used in Haiti during the Haitian Revolution of the late 18th century. By examining letters and a memoir written by the Haitian Revolutionary leader Toussaint Louverture, the author illustrates that Louverture wrote primarily in French and may have spoken Haitian creole only occasionally. The author also suggests that Haitian creole was more influenced by older and regional varieties of the French language than by African languages. The author suggests that historians haven't fully explored the use of different languages in Haiti during the 18th century. Languages used during this time included Haitian creole, French, and diverse African languages.

In August 1791, a slave revolt erupted in Saint-Domingue, richest colony of the Americas. France sent two commissioners to restore peace in this insurgent area. Under the threat of revolution, they declared the abolition of slavery in 1793. This decision was ratified by the French Convention on 4 February 1794. Revocation of this abolition act in 1802 by Napoleon Bonaparte had no effect on the situation of slaves in Saint-Domingue, which proclaimed its independence 1 January 1804. This episode gave birth to the first black state of the Americas, baptised under its old Amerindian name "Haïti." The new republic was recognized as an independent state more than 20 years later. The French law of 17 April 1825 conceded Haitian independence in exchange for a ransom of 150 million francs. The great majority of abolitionist governments of the nineteenth century judged it legitimate to compensate slave owners for the loss of capital invested in their slave property. What was exceptional about the indemnity of Saint-Domingue was the fact that it was not an internal governmental decision, but the fruit of transactions from one state to another. The indemnity favored the planters, but was also the price exacted for becoming an autonomous state. This work will focus on the criteria taken into account by France in the fixation of the compensation amount. Slave ownership did not exist after the revolution. How did fixing a number compensate for property lost more than 30 years earlier? What were the data considered by France? Finally, what was the compensation value for the various protagonists? These questions will clarify the objectives followed by France in establishing this compensation. Was the purpose of « ransom of slavery », to indemnify slave owners for the loss of their property, or was its ultimate target to economically subdue a rebel colony by creating an « independence debt »? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although France recognized Haitian independence in 1825 (21 years after its proclamation by the Haitian government), it was Baron Portal, minister of the Navy and Colonies in 1818-1821, who initiated that move several years earlier by abandoning for the first time all claims by France to direct colonial rule over rebellious Haiti. That decision was the result of a struggle between former colonial planters who had been expelled from the island in 1804 and were lobbying the French government to attack Haiti again, and the chambers of commerce of the major ports of Western France, which were very eager to trade with Haiti and did not want to hear about military operations against the former colony. Being himself a former merchant-trader from Bordeaux, Portal sided with the commercial lobbyists, put the development of French maritime trade above the interests of the planters and paved the way for Haiti's recognition in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Haitian Revolution was a historical event that immediately provoked numerous and very different reactions in the New as well as the Old World. It can be regarded as an ideological laboratory for Enlightenment actors, in which they tested how far their principles of liberty, equality,fraternity, and the right to revolt against oppression extended. Their reactions were tightly linked to their personal interests and convictions and their relationship to the political system they inhabited. This study analyzes the different points of view of two personalities with a significant influence on the events and the spirit of their time: the famous traveler and Prussian scientist Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) and the Virginian statesman Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826). Emphasis will be on their perception of the incidents in Saint-Domingue and their impact on the outer world, the way they referred to these events in their writings and their personal correspondence, and finally the position they took regarding the new situation of this Caribbean Island. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dramas about the Haitian Revolution of 1791-1803 are compared and placed in the historical context of when they were authored. Alphonse de Lamartine's "Toussaint Louverture," which was written in 1850, and Maryse Condé's "An Tan Revolysion, Elle court, elle court la liberté," are examined. Conde's play was produced in 1989, during the bicentennial of France's Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The role of race and slavery in the Haitian Revolution is discussed.

The article examines the works of American writer Madison Smartt-Bell on the Haitian Revolution. The works of Smartt-Bell indicate her anguish towards the economic, political and cultural state of the island during the seventeenth century. It highlights the misrepresentation of the 1791 riots in Haiti during that period.

The article discusses thoughts and literary works on the Haitian Revolution. The modern Western publications have shown the revolution as an act of violence, dictatorship and exploitation. Most of the works on the Haitian Revolution were published during the seventeenth century. The works also covered the Franco-Haitian relations after 1804.

Copyright of Ethnologies is the property of Folklore Studies Association of Canada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents abstracts for articles published in the journal, including "Des chemins à le Révolution: La correspondance de cinq futurs révolutionnaires sous l'Ancien Régime," by Timothy Tackett, "Napoléon Bonaparte et la question de l'émancipation à Saint-Domingue, 1789-1803," by Phillippe R. Girard, and "Montagne, devenez un volcan! L'image du volcan dans la rhétorique de la Révolution française," by Mary Ashburn Miller.