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Immobilization of organometallic catalyst were attempted by using cyclodextrin-based metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) with the characteristic nanoporous structure. Water-soluble Co(II)TCPP was prepared as an organometallic catalyst and introduced into hydrophilic nanopores in CD-MOF by co-crystallization method. In order to evaluate the catalytic properties of the obtained Co(II)TCPP/CDMOF, the oxidative coupling reaction of creosol was performed. At a catalyst concentration of 0.2 mol%, the catalytic activity of the heterogeneous Co(II)TCPP/CDMOF catalyst was almost the same as that of the homogeneous Co(II)TCPP catalyst. The conversion for Co(II)TCPP/CD-MOF catalyst reached 92% after 2-hour reaction.

Seaweed such as Eucheuma Cottonii is a potential source of biomaterialIts high moisture content makes it suitable for hydrothermal conversion process since it doesn’t need to utilize dry feedstock. The aim of this study is to convert the biomass of red seaweed Eucheuma Cottonii into alternative fuels and high value biomaterials using hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal process seaweed Eucheuma Cottonii produce two types of products, liquid product and char (solid). This research focus on the char product. The char from hydrothermal process was then activated using the tubular furnace. The yield for activated char is 7.5 % and results of SEM analysis of activated char showed the formation of allotropes carbon include carbon micro spheres, carbon micro fibres and graphene. These structures have encountered application in a wide range of technological fields, such as adsorption, catalysis, hydrogen storage or electronics.

In the control of open-channel, it is difficult to estimate wave propergation time because of the complexity of reflection, superposition and energy attenuation of shallow water waves. Although Saint-Venant equation have reasonable accuracy in describing the motion law of unsteady flow, mathematically it is the first order quasilinear hyperbolic partial differential equations which makes it difficult to be used as control model in the design optimized controller. The Channel Integrator Delay Zero (IDZ) model linearizes the Saint-Venant equation and ensures the accuracy of the response of water level and discharge in high frequency band. However, there is still a considerable difference between the theoretical value and the actual response. In order to avoid this difference caused by theoretical derivation, this paper uses the single channel model of Zhanghe Irrigation District to play online identification of the relevant parameters by using the existing periodic response process of the canal system. The reliability of model identification under step water intake is verified, and the effect of this method on periodic water intakes in long channel is verified. The results show that the identified model can catch most dynamic action of the canal system with water intakes, which ensures its validity to be used for controller design. Meanwhile, it is simple in application.

The key point of PI feedback control is how to design appropriate controller parameters. This paper combined the linear quadratic optimizing control theory to design an online controller for constant downstream water-level operation which could respond to different working condition properly and rapidly avoiding complex controller parameters adjusting. Based on the Integrator-Delay (ID) model simplified from Saint-Venant Equations, we established the discretized linear time invariant system of canals. Then transferred it into the state-space equations and obtained the state-feedback equation. Water level deviations and flow rate increments were chosen to form the objective function and this paper recommended values of Q and R weight matrices among it should be set according to the optimum quadratic form indicators correspondingly. This controller was applied to two practical canal systems which had diverse scales. Results showed the system under control quickly regained stability; optimizing the objective function with recommended weight matrices could well balance demands on water level deviations and flow rate changes; dynamic performances of water movements and gate movements were acceptable. Through simulations, we preliminarily proved the practicability of this online PI controller implementing LQR. This work proposed an available solutions for the design and operation of water conveyance systems around the world.

In order to design controllers for canals with inverted siphon especially for very long siphon, it is necessary to learn its response property. Compared to open canals, the water movement in inverted siphon is very different due to the fast travelling speed of wave and high water pressure. It is impossible to use openchannel model describe invert siphon section, and the delay caused by the siphon haven’t been discussed in existing literature. This paper proposes a response model of inverted siphon which contains a delay and an integrator in low frequencies, a constant gain in high frequencies. By comparing the response model to the results of simulation, this paper shows the response model is a good approximation. This paper studies a water distribution project consists of two canals and one inverted siphon. The result shows that the water level change at downstream end is significantly smaller than water change at upstream end. By applying response model of inverted siphon, this paper shows it is due to the delay of flow rate change from upstream end to downstream end.