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Cet article s’interroge sur l’oubli dont est victime la pratique du rugby dans la France de l’Ouest. Les recherches menées dans le cadre d’une thèse d’histoire montrent la présence de nombreuses équipes avant la Grande Guerre. La concurrence du football, les difficultés financières et l’éloignement contribuent à fragiliser et à provoquer la disparition de plusieurs clubs. Toutefois, le rugby se maintient dans certaines villes et reste un sport populaire. L’historiographie du rugby a le plus souvent délaissé cet espace considérant que ce sport n’y avait pas été implanté ou que la greffe britannique y avait échoué. Il s’agit également de comprendre les raisons de l’échec de la mémoire de la pratique du rugby dans la France de l’Ouest.

Andesitic volcanic hydrosystems in Indonesia are mostly hydrogeologically unknown despite their socio-economic importance. The development of robust and easy-to-implement methodologies to conceptualize and quantify the water cycle components becomes a prerequisite for their sustainable management.We developed a lumped hydrological model to mimic the structure and functioning of a previously unknown hydrosystem located on the flanks of the Salak volcano (West Java). The structure of the aquifers was revealed with electrical resistivity tomography. The distinction between springs fed by the extensive artesian aquifer and others fed by shallow perched aquifers was obtained mostly using hydrochemistry. The elevation of the recharge area was identified using isotopic analysis of spring water.After designing the hydrological model structure, we carried out a probabilistic parameters exploration using the multiple-try differential evolution adaptive Metropolis algorithm to calibrate aquifer discharge. Multiple Markov chains allow a better exploration of the parameter values. The Bayesian approach provides the best water cycle simulation with a parameter uncertainty analysis, improving the accuracy and representation of the water cycle appropriate for previously unknown hydrosystems.

Fin 2019, la décision est prise, en concertation avec l’ASN, de réparer les 8 soudures de traversées VVP (circuit de vapeur principal) de l'EPR FLA3. Le scénario retenu conduit à réaliser les nouvelles soudures par l'intérieur des tuyauteries, modifiant significativement leur design (chanfrein inversé notamment). Les exigences fonctionnelles de l'exploitant évoluant également, un nouveau procédé pour le contrôle en exploitation doit être qualifié conformément à l'article 8 de l'Arrêté relatif à la "surveillance de l’exploitation du circuit primaire principal et des circuits secondaires principaux des réacteurs nucléaires à eau pressurisée" du 10 novembre 1999. La Direction Industrielle s'engage alors dans le développement d'un nouveau procédé UT multiéléments automatisé et saisit l'opportunité d'adopter une démarche de qualification (de type conventionnel) différente de celle utilisée généralement pour les procédés UT. Plutôt que, pour chaque grandeur donnée, sommer les contributions élémentaires des paramètres influents étudiés de manière indépendante, la démarche adoptée ici vise à établir les performances par une campagne d’essais, dont le plan d'expérience intègre directement l’influence de ces paramètres. La démarche s'articule en trois phases. D'abord, l'analyse des paramètres influents conduit à définir la (ou les) configurations la (ou les) plus pénalisante(s) du composant vis-à-vis de la technique adoptée. Cette analyse permet de concevoir la maquette de qualification, représentative des conditions les plus pénalisantes du contrôle. Dans un second temps, la campagne d’essais de répétabilité et de reproductibilité aboutit à l’obtention d’une "banque de données" de signaux sur les entailles de la maquette. Enfin, l’analyse statistique de ces nombreux signaux (de l’ordre de 1800 dans le cas présent) aboutit aux justifications techniques du dossier de qualification. Les performances en sensibilité, couverture de zone, localisation et dimensionnement sont établies par un traitement statistique des résultats de ces essais. Cet article présente la démarche, les performances obtenues du procédé qualifié début 2023, et les voies d'optimisation envisagées pour de futurs développement adoptant cette démarche.

The Franco-Bolivian Mission “Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology of the Guaquira –Tiwanaku River” tries to restore the evolution of the landscape in contact with one of the most emblematic cultures of the Andes. The Tiwanakota culture developed on the shores of Lake Titicaca at the end of the second millennium BC and disappears between 1100 and 1200 AD following a drought that would have affected the entire Altiplano. In this essay we present the methodology and the work in progress. It is designed to allow scholars to better understand the interactions between the Tiwanakota culture and the immediate environment surrounding the monumental archaeological site.

Among physiological and technical gestures, writing is essentially a reversed gesture. Hence the metaphysical ambiguity attached to writing, with its mnemomorphic/hypomnemata effects – as it bypasses memory and develops as a complex system based on a risky trade-off. Writing, as Proust suggests in Time regained, entirely relinquishes the world of sensible immediacy to devote itself heroically to win it back through reconstruction – it cuts itself from the world to replace it with an analysis of it, without ever knowing whether this “catastrophic” attempt will be successful.

This introductory text to the dossier first comments on the territorial delimitation chosen for the geography question proposed in the recruiting competition of secondary education: Africa from the Sahel and the Sahara to the Mediterranean sea. The authors underline the value of studying the multiple circulations linking the Sahel to North Africa and Europe across the Sahara, while regretting that the analytical framework has not embraced the broader relations system from the Gulf of Guinea to the Mediterranean. They then present the special issue by emphasizing the unity of the texts proposed: the multiform tensions between circulations and partitionings, the logics of integration and fragmentation, beyond the diversity of themes and scales of study.

This article highlights an innovative approach to the management of financial resources as a commons, using the case of development community banks (DCB) in Brazil. Not only does this approach meet the criteria of durability identified by Elinor Ostrom, but also the search for egalitarian interdependent relationships. Such interdependence is linked to the complex combination of several economic principles, with the aim of allowing solidarity and democracy to prevail over market-orientation and bureaucracy. This relies on the sociopolitical roots of DCBs, in other words the ongoing, intricate, and ever-evolving process of deliberation and construction of their legitimacy, with inhabitants as well as with institutional partners.

In Maputo, the politic and economic capital of Mozambique, a small number of foreigners have been settling since the 2000s. Although they are not numerous, they are very visible in the urban space because of their main activity in retail shops, selling food or other goods. These shops are in the formal sector and the main pattern is a container converted in a local grocer’s shop which can be observed in every area of the city. They are run by African shop-owners coming either from the Great Lakes area, mainly as refugees, or from Western Africa. The paper focuses on their origins, their motivations for choosing Maputo, their life projects, and the reciprocal representations between city dwellers of Maputo and African shop-owners. The key question is how to deal with the dimension of rights to the city, in the extent that locals give right to recognition to foreigners as full inhabitants. The methodology is based on an ethnographic approach focused on everyday life of the African shop-owners and on the cross relations between them and the city dwellers.

Copyright of Frontières is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Revue Frontieres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Peninsular Malaysia hosts a remarkable biodiversity and has succeeded in maintaining sustainable populations of endangered species. Historical sources show that this achievement was made possible thanks to a conservation apparatus set up during the British colonial period, which continued and developed further after Independence. Under the pressure of colonists interested in wildlife conservation, such as big game hunter Theodore Hubback, the Malay States under British rule drafted protection laws, established parks and reserves -- including the King George V National Park -- and set up a Game Department charged with pest control, law enforcement, parks management and wildlife conservation. The British Game Wardens were backed by concerned Malaysians who were able to take over after Independence despite the lack of means allocated to wildlife protection. The Malayan Nature Society, founded in 1940 by the federal Chief Game Warden, assisted the Game Department in its task. While the Society remained a British club up to the early 1970s, some of its few Malaysian members became very influential in independent Malaysia. After Independence, the Society was at the centre of a network that connected conservationists, scientists, Game Wardens and decision makers. It was this network of institutions and individuals that allowed Malaysia not only to pursue the conservation agenda set by the British, but also to draw its own conservation policy.

The population census constitutes the main provider of data on the composition of the population of a country. It is supposed to answer two fundamental questions: ‘How many are we?’ and ‘Who are we?’ This article focuses on the way in which the census paints a picture of a nation by collecting data on the ethnic or racial ‘origins’ or ‘belonging’ of populations, in the 2010 censuses. It makes a critical examination of the categorizations established to this end in different countries in the world and reveals a profound contradiction between a desire to obtain reliable statistical data on the composition of the populations and an increasingly subjectivist vision of belonging which prioritizes the self-identification of individuals. The authors analyse the issues raised by ethnic statistics in three key areas: describing and measuring the diversity of the population of a country, reinforcing equality of opportunity and anti-discrimination measures, adapting commercial offers to the specific needs of communities. They warn against the performative effects of ethnic and racial categorizations which contribute to the maintenance of existing social divisions and lead to new lines of exclusion within nations.

Copyright of Guerres Mondiales et Conflits Contemporains is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Frontières is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Revue Frontieres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The big fossil Mammals of Madagascar are any holocènes, any deposit pléistocène important not having been again discovered(found). They present a relatively limited biovariety, without particular case of nanisme or of gigantic size: they are Primates (7 families of Lemurs, understanding(including) some kinds(genres) of very big size as Megaladapis, Archaeoindris, Palaeopropithecus, Hadropithecus), Carnivores (a single family, Viverridés, with a single kind(genre) of considerable size, Cryptoprocta) and some Ongulés (two or three families of Artiodactyles, among which Hippopotamidae counting three sorts of Hippopota-mus, Suidae and Tubulidentés with two sorts of Plesiorycteropus). A rough extinction occurred during the last millennium and, as regards the big Mammals, it is at the origin of the disappearance of at least 8 kinds(genres) and 16 sorts of lemurs (of which all the tall forms) and two or three kinds(genres) and 5 or 6 sorts of Ongulés, of which all the Hippopotamuses and Tubulidentés. Big fauna holocene Malagasy was apparently known by the man, who landed in the island there are about two millenniums; the man seems involved in the extinction of numerous sorts, without one knows still exactly how.

Thinking about what Europe is, about its location or its limits often consists in trying to identify something such as a European identity, a common project or adherence to a lifestyle. In this perspective, the feeling of belonging to a place implies various dimensions, including subjective perceptions. To explore this, the research project EuroBroadMap and the survey “Visions of Europe”, conducted on a sample of 10,000 students living in eighteen different countries around the world, allows us to enrich our comprehension of these perceptions of Europe. From a set of words spontaneously related to Europe by the students surveyed, the methods of textual statistics enabled us to measure the variety of the vocabulary associated to this place. Several factors may explain the diversity of the words obtained: the students’ academic fields and countries of residence strongly condition the way they perceive Europe. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that belonging to the European Union or to its margins influences the individual perceptions.

Copyright of Frontières is the property of Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Revue Frontieres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin des bibliothèques de France is the property of ENSSIB and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research on the sustainability of sandpit territory’s in Brittany gives us the opportunity to follow up environmental rehabilitations. Consequently we have been able to gather a large range of opinions and experiences of diverse stakeholders regarding the contribution of the sandpit for developping biodiversity.

This research deals with the relation between extraction sites and sustainable development in Brittany, and aims at analysing the modalities of governance within this industrial activity.Since 1993, all extraction sites have, by law, an obligation to consider environmental issues and local community demands in their projects, whenever a site is to be opened or extended: 1) The opinion of the local resident is highly important because they desire to create a territory that suits the needs of their local community and that preserves a way of life strongly associated with rural areas. Their increasing participation in local councils and meetings is a testimony for their long lasting involvement. 2) On the other hand, the need for companies to sign up for sustainable projects requires the forging of partnerships with collective groups and associations that far exceed any regulatory requirements.Our proposals will be supported by the analysis of two sites. In Bodonou (Finistère) a good industry/local communities partnership has resulted in the reclaiming a protected natural area (wetland, natural heritage …) after the closure of the site. Off shore Lorient, the local opposition to the possible opening of an extraction site at sea demonstrates the civic commitment to environmental issues, and, more broadly, to the preservation of a quality living space.