Search

The article discusses the emergence of chemotherapy in the development of the history of cancer. According to the article, the history of cancer dates back to the Late Middle Ages. It mentions that German physician, chemist, and physiologist Paul Ehrlich discovered arsphenamine, a treatment for syphilis, and French Queen Anne d'Autriche and the progression of her breast cancer which was first discovered in 1664 and from which shed died in 1666. Additional topics include German professor of surgery Michel Ettmuller, Christopher Wren, a British physician, encyclopedist, and architect, and posology.

Chemotherapy stands today for cancer. In 1909, Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) advocates the use of arsphenamine by infusion. So, he is considered as the father of chemotherapy. In fact, the first to have thought through chemotherapy was Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723). In 1676, ideas and experiments on animals had sufficiently progressed to allow Michel Ettmuller (1644-1683) to publish the first edition of his book and several others were printed until 1753. In this book, he describes the first intravenous treatment, it sets the first indications, dosages and different products which can be used. However this method has been forgotten until the late 19th century.

Paré is well-known through many papers. His incomes allowed him to have a middle-class Parisian living. It is impossible to have an accurate knowledge of his fortune before his death but we have a good idea of his landed property. In fact as a Parishioner of Saint-Andre-des-Arts Church he probably was a landlord only in Paris and its vicinity with a building (rue de l'Hirondelle), two houses (rue Garancière), Meudon, Cormeille-en-Parisis and La-Ville-Du-Bois which the authors describe the present state of.

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility, relevance, and sensitivity of the French version of the revised Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale (AIMS2) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis of the hip., Methods: translation of the English-language AIMS2 into French using the back-to-back technique; evaluation of feasibility on the basis of a) time needed to complete the AIMS2; b) percentage of questionnaires with at least one missing answer or one answer indicating that the question was misunderstood; evaluation of relevance on the basis of correlations between AIMS2 scores and conventional parameters for evaluating the activity of rheumatoid arthritis (85 patients); evaluation of sensitivity on the basis of total hip replacement-induced improvements in AIMS2 scores versus other conventional scores used to evaluate activity of osteoarthritis of the hip (48 patients)., Results: feasibility, mean time needed to complete the AIMS2 was 23 minutes in rheumatoid arthritis patients and 26 minutes in osteoarthritis patients. Forty per cent of patients failed to answer at least one question and 21% misunderstood at least one question; relevance: conventional parameters used in rheumatoid arthritis accounted for 51% of AIMS2 score variance, suggesting that the AIMS2 provided information not supplied by conventional parameters. SENSITIVITY: after total hip replacement for osteoarthritis, there were statistically significant decreases in all AIMS2 scores (with the exception of function and work)., Conclusion: These data suggest that the AIMS2 score is not an easy evaluation tool but is both relevant and sensitive. These findings require confirmation by longitudinal studies.