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Since the 19th century, British literature addressed to young readers begins to emerge an unusual image of the world, in which, without the intervention of a fantastic element and almost imperceptibly for the reader, different times and eras are harmoniously combined. The crucial technique for creating such a universe is an anachronism, skillfully used by the author and not exposed to him; the latter, in turn, can leave clues for an attentive reader ready to join his “game.” The image of such a space turns out to be consonant with ideas developed in literary studies in recent years, such as the concept of “mythical (nonlinear) time” (M. Nikolaeva), “closed world” (P. Hunt), “palimpsest world” (M. Certeau), etc. The most important locus of such a world in the texts we are considering (Water Babies by Ch. Kingsley, The Wind in the Willows by K. Grahame) turns out to be a noble estate, to denote which we propose to use the term we introduced — “house on the edge of time.” As an additional task, we will analyze the world of W. Maine’s novel Earthfasts (1966), a fantastic “borderland,” which, in our opinion, serves as a development of the image of the Vendale in the tale by Charles Kingsley.

The current state of calculation the result of the superposition of loads, or their effects, on a material body is analyzed. The limits of the current calculation methods, based on strength theories, in the case of technical structures are shown. The results of experimental research that refer, in general, to the superposition of two loads of the same nature and without addressing problems of loads of a different nature (mechanical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, radioactive etc.), in the case of technical structures and the environment is analyzed. Starting from the principle of critical energy, which is based on the concepts of the total specific energies’ participation of the loads and of the critical participation, general relations are deduced for these concepts, in the case of the nonlinear behavior of matter, as a function of power. These results are applied to the calculation of the superposition of loads of different nature on a technical structure, the environment and living organisms, taking into account the deterioration of matter. The influence of the loading speed (static, shock ...) is taken into account based on the value of the exponent in the behavior law, which was not possible in the previous calculation methods. From the analysis of the results obtained in the paper, it is found the utility and the high degree of generality of the principle of critical energy and of the concept of the specific energy participation.

The purpose of this study is to highlight the influence of cultural policies carried out in communist Romania in constructing the concept of "literary generation" between 1948 and 1965. Firstly, we focus on the militantly Marxist-Leninist discourse of official legitimization regarding a so-called “contingent” of poets who graduated from the "Mihai Eminescu" School of Literature and Literary Criticism in Bucharest between 1950 and 1955. In the second part of the article, we turn our attention to the ideological necessity of reinterpreting the phrase "young generation" in the context of the proliferation of the idea that writers are "builders of socialism" (1956-1960). Here, we focus on the polemical interaction between the "generation of the fight against inertia", represented by Nicolae Labiș (1935-1956), and the generation promoted "under the sign of the Revolution", represented by Nichita Stănescu (1933-1983), Ilie Constantin (1939-2020), and Cezar Baltag (1939-1997). In the last section of our discussion, we underline the dialectic between propaganda and aesthetics from which emerged what Romanian literary history records as the "(19)60s generation", and its references the 9th Congress of the Romanian Communist Party (July 1965) and Ion Pop's synthesis work Poezia unei generații ["The Poetry of a Generation"] (1973), in which the literary critic also includes Nicolae Labiș.

Effective primary healthcare is essential in developing countries but faces several challenges, including the lack of standardised training across decentralised sites. In response to unsatisfactory registrar examination outcomes in 2013, the Department of Family Medicine at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa introduced a blended teaching and learning programme. The aim of the new programme was to level the playing field by providing uniform online resources on a course site on the university’s learning management system. The uniform online resources would be integrated into the teaching programme. A team consisting of the registrar-training-programme coordinator, an educationalist and five family-medicine consultants from different districts began reviewing the curriculum, selecting appropriate resources and developing the course site. The blended programme was developed and implemented using a phased, participatory research action approach, including phases of evaluation and redesign. Since the implementation of the blended-learning programme in 2017, registrar outcomes have improved, but this has not been the only success attributed to the programme. The programme also resulted in an enhanced focus on teaching and learning, especially among those involved in its development. We share the lessons gleaned from our experiences, emphasising the need for adequate training and teamwork if we are to use technology appropriately and effectively to address the difficulties associated with decentralised training in developing countries.

On June 15th, 1934, interns at Montreal’s Notre Dame Hospital initiated Canada’s first medical strike in protest of the appointment of Dr. Samuel Rabinovitch, a French-speaking Jewish graduate of Université de Montréal, as chief intern. By June 16th, the strike had spread to 75 more interns from Hôpital de la Miséricorde, Sainte-Justine, Hôtel-Dieu, and St. Jean-de-Dieu. The strike was purely antisemitic, targeting the first Jewish physician appointed to a staff position at a Catholic hospital. By situating the strike within its social context, Rabinovitch’s story exemplifies medicine’s history of systemic racism and highlights the contradiction between these practices and the medical principle of “do no harm.” Our aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between Montreal’s medical history and antisemitism in the first half of the twentieth century. We conclude that the strike reinforces the historical basis of promoting racial diversity and inclusion in medical education.

Implication Statement ACCESS, a student-led mentorship program affiliated with Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, demonstrates a practical, effective approach to addressing inequity in medical education. ACCESS provides personalized, zero-cost mentorship to equity-deserving applicants who face social, financial, and medical barriers that result in underrepresentation in medical school. Our mentorship model showcases significant success in application and interview outcomes, as well as positive feedback from participants. Here, we offer a replicable blueprint for medical schools across Canada. This paper highlights the effectiveness of student-led initiatives in promoting diversity and inclusion in healthcare education and aims to inspire similar programs, fostering a more diverse and inclusive future healthcare workforce.

The presentation aims to answer the following question: what would be the optimal solutions that should be implemented in our country to make the activity of agencies more efficient in the context of the need to provide public services of increasingly high complexity and quality? Based on the experiences of other states, the historical context and the current social developments, we will identify possible solutions, but we will also take into account the expectations of the citizens in relation to the reform in this sector.

Uganda is notoriously homophobic and religious. Historically, same-sex relations existed in the country before the coming of Europeans. Christianity and Islam led to the homophobia that permeates and dominates Uganda's economic, social, and political landscape to date. Time may gradually obliterate this homophobia; but strategic litigation, advocacy, and activism should also be intentionally employed to restore dignity to LGBTQI+ persons in Uganda.

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2023 8(3), 1293-1299 | Article | (Abstract) Jurisprudential accounts of the autonomy of EU law have struggled to offer a compelling account of its unique features. Nevertheless, I argue that Ronald Dworkin’s court-centric methodological approach is better-suited than Hartian positivism to shed light on the notion that EU law is autonomous. This is because most questions about the autonomy of EU law, when asked from a positivist perspective, are of little or no practical significance and philosophical inquiry will inevitably be inconclusive. By contrast, the autonomy of EU law is routinely employed as a normative principle helping EU courts to decide the issue of which party should win the case at hand. It is better understood as a shorthand reference to a political requirement, namely that EU courts ought to identify the main values behind European integration and to build – as opposed to find in the extant legal materials – a coherent body of principles.

From 2010 to 2020, several efforts to decriminalize sodomy have taken place in Singaporean courts. Although these efforts have been largely unsuccessful, the cases have highlighted how courts can serve as a space to push for rights in a city-state that some have labelled “soft-authoritarian”—a state with democratic institutions in place, but with an under-developed set of democratic ideals and practices. This article argues that strategic litigation to decriminalize sodomy is forcing institutions in Singapore to evolve, become more democratic and responsive to a rising cultural backlash particularly with regards to sexuality. This article will examine some of the incremental changes that have come about due to the legal challenges, such as the strengthening of the court, the modification of laws to protect minorities, and the growth and diversification of civil society. Entre 2010 y 2020, los tribunales de Singapur han intentado despenalizar la sodomía en varias ocasiones. Aunque estos esfuerzos han sido en gran medida infructuosos, los casos han puesto de relieve cómo los tribunales pueden servir como un espacio para presionar por los derechos en una ciudad-estado que algunos han etiquetado como “autoritario blando” –un estado con instituciones democráticas, pero con un conjunto subdesarrollado de ideales y prácticas democráticas. Este artículo sostiene que el litigio estratégico para despenalizar la sodomía está obligando a las instituciones de Singapur a evolucionar, a ser más democráticas y a responder a una creciente reacción cultural, especialmente en lo que respecta a la sexualidad. Este artículo examinará algunos de los cambios graduales que se han producido debido a los desafíos legales, como el fortalecimiento de los tribunales, la modificación de las leyes para proteger a las minorías y el crecimiento y la diversificación de la sociedad civil.

The articles presented in this special issue explore the relationship between politics and law in the context of the Global South. While some of the contributions examined this relationship through the symbolic power of the law, others focused on how violence is embedded into the relationship between law and politics. The first group, which focused on the symbolic dimension of power relations, dug into struggles to either accommodate political projects into the existing law or whenever such interpretation was not possible, to propose new legislation consistent with those political goals. Meanwhile, the other group of contributions, those who paid special attention to the association between law and violence, described how the relationship between politics and law is centred disputed legitimacy of law in those societies. This introduction discusses how these two approaches complement each other and offer us a better understanding of the particular role law plays in societies in the Global South. Los artículos reunidos en este número especial exploran la relación entre política y la ley en el contexto del Sur Global. Mientras que algunas de las contribuciones examinaron esta relación a través del poder simbólico de la ley, otras se centraron en cómo la violencia está incrustada en la relación entre la ley y la política. El primer grupo de artículos, que se centró en la dimensión simbólica del poder, profundizo su análisis en luchas para lograr canalizar proyectos políticos en la ley existente o, cuando tal interpretación no era posible, para proponer una nueva legislación coherente con esos objetivos políticos. El otro grupo de contribuciones a este número especial, aquel que examino el lugar que ocupa la violencia en el derecho, dirigió su mirada a la disputa de legitimidad del derecho en sociedades periféricas. Esta introducción analiza cómo estos dos enfoques se complementan entre sí y nos ofrecen una mejor comprensión del papel particular que desempeña el derecho en las sociedades del Sur Global.

Indigenous Life Promotion and strengths-based approaches to mental wellness and suicide prevention are important strategies that promote sovereignty, holistic wellness, and healing at the individual, family, and community levels. As part of the Patient and Community Engagement Research (PaCER) program, our team facilitated three focus groups with Indigenous young people in Alberta to better understand how they wish to be supported to live life with continued resilience, meaning and hope. Our team conducted a thematic analysis on the focus group transcripts and derived five key themes from their contents: 1. Accessible, meaningful, and ongoing supports; 2. Indigenous-centered, culturally meaningful and safe supports; 3. Fostering meaningful connections and relationships; 4. Surviving/ ‘Existing’; and 5. Thriving; living with purpose and meaning beyond surviving. Based on these themes, six recommendations for better supporting the wellbeing of Indigenous youth were developed: 1. Indigenous-centred resources; 2. Accountability; 3. Person-centred support; 4. Enhancing empowerment in children & youth; 5. Holistic health liaison/navigators; 6. Increased funding. Attending to the voices of Indigenous youth in planning and enhancing supports will continue to bolster their inherent resilience and contribute to the process of reconciliation in Alberta and Canada.

Several stakeholders, such as community groups, government officials, parents, guardians, and educators have shown concern about the achievement gap between Nova Scotia learners of African descent and their predominantly White peers. Using the African proverb ‘It takes a village’ as a framework, this study involved parents, extended family members and caregivers of children aged 4 to 6 years to explore the scaffolding strategies employed as well as the experiences of participants when supporting children’s emergent writing skills during COVID-19 pandemic. Survey and focus group sessions demonstrated how participants frequently scaffolded emergent writing using highly effective strategies including Africentric approaches. The importance of ‘It takes a village’ proverb in enhancing literacy development has also been established.

Background: While the hidden curriculum (HC) is becoming recognized as an important component of medical education, ideal methods of assessing the HC are not well known. The aim of this study was to review the literature for methods of assessing the HC in the context of healthcare education. Methods: We conducted a scoping review on methods to measure or assess the HC in accordance with the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, and ProQuest ERIC databases were searched from inception until August 2023. Studies which focused on healthcare education, including medicine, as well as other professions such as nursing, social work, pharmacy were included. We then obtained stakeholder feedback utilizing the results of this review to inform the ongoing HC assessment process within our own medical education program. Results: Of 141 studies included for full text review, 41 were included for analysis and data extraction. Most studies were conducted in North America and qualitative in nature. Physician education was best represented with most studies set in undergraduate medical education (n = 21, 51%). Assessment techniques included interviews (n = 19, 46%), cross-sectional surveys (n = 14, 34%), written reflections (n = 7, 17%), and direct observation of the working environment (n = 2, 5%). While attempts to create standardized HC evaluation methods were identified, there were no examples of implementation into an educational program formally or longitudinally. No studies reported on actions taken based on evaluation results. Confidential stakeholder feedback was obtained from postgraduate medical learners in our program, and this feedback was then used to modify our longitudinal HC assessment process. Conclusions: While the HC has as increasing presence in the medical education community, the ideal way to practically assess it within a healthcare education context remains unclear. We described the HC assessment process utilized at our program, which may be informative for other institutions attempting to implement a similar technique. Future attempts and studies would benefit from reporting longitudinal data and impacts of assessment results

This paper presents graffiti discovered on a few plates discovered in a barrack from the fort of ala I Batavorum milliaria in Dacia. Typical for the Batavian troops, the onomastics is Latin and Greek. The instrumenta prove that the soldiers scribbled their names on every-day use vessels and offer us a glimpse of the very men that lived there together.

The present paper proposes a new approach for the thermomechanical analysis of small satellites. In the first stage, the heat fluxes acting on the exterior surfaces of the assembly are evaluated with the support of the CubeSat Wizard. The orbital parameters employed ensure adequate radiation heat transfer. Afterwards, the temperature distribution of the entire structure is evaluated with the support of the LISA thermal transient environment. The most critical load case is further use for calculating stress and displacement in a static analysis. Two configurations of CardSat nanosatellites are included in the study for comparison.

Since the mid-1990s, film and television industries are more and more confronted with the appearance of new intermediation services which have created platforms. In a project funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), we try to analyze the place and role that these new services are taking in the audiovisual sector. Our corpus is composed of the platforms of four companies that have developed activities on a vast international scale, Netflix (with its service of the same name), Amazon (Prime Video service), Disney (Disney+) and Apple (Apple TV+). Based on our corpus, it seems to us that some changes have been the result of firms’ activities, but that it is not as linear as it may appear at first sight. Transformations are at work but there is also some “Old Media Persistence.” Thus, we find a certain “contamination” of old practices originating from the organization of industrial channels and forms in the mutations currently presented by these new intermediation services.

The aim of this study is to examine the theme of “cultural heritage” in the light of Eugen Simion’s work (1965-1971). Although this intellectual coordinate was promoted by the ideologues of the communist regime, it was approached in an aesthetic manner by the growing literary criticism of that period. Our main contribution is to observe how the public discourse changed because of the political interferences from the “socialist democracy” program. We will try to explain the strategies through which ideology functioned as Procrustean bed to literary criticism, focusing on the case of E. Lovinescu’s work, which became one of the central points of debate, thanks to a certain relaxation of the political control. Throughout the research, we will propose a few answers about E. Lovinescu’s status in the general context of those years.

Two applications of a radical trap based on a homolytic substitution reaction (SH2') are presented for the trapping of short-lived radical intermediates in organic reactions. The first example is a photochemical cyanomethylation catalyzed by a Ru complex. Two intermediate radicals in the radical chain propagation have been trapped and detected using mass spectrometry (MS), along with the starting materials, products and catalyst degradation fragments. Although qualitative, these results helped to elucidate the reaction mechanism. In the second example, the trapping method was applied to study the radical initiation catalyzed by a triethylboronoxygen mixture. In this case, the concentration of trapped radicals was sufficiently high to enable their detection by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Quantitative measurements made it possible to characterize the radical flux in the system under different reaction conditions (including variations of solvent, temperature and concentration) where modelling was complicated by chain reactions and heterogeneous mass transfer.

Sub-Saharan African development strategies emphasize optimizing agricultural and forestry resources through foreign and domestic investments in large-scale farms and plantations. While these land-based initiatives are believed to enhance economic development, concerns arise regarding their impact on marginalized groups and the environment. Issues like land tenure security and the agri-food sector's investment climate play pivotal roles, highlighting the need for transparent and inclusive decision-making involving local communities. Goal and Objectives This study reviews the legal and policy frameworks to analyze the enabling environment for sustainable and inclusive land-based investment in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Mozambique Methodology This research comprised two phases of literature reviews. The first phase evaluated existing legal frameworks and incentive mechanisms for inclusive and green investment in each country. The second phase focused on peer-reviewed studies investigating the practices of land-based agricultural investments and the effects on tenure, food security, environment, and social well-being. The findings were systematically analyzed, and the country-level results were presented at national Multi-Stakeholders Platform (MSP) workshops for validation and in-depth analysis by a diverse participant group. Results Various legal and policy frameworks exist concerning land, resources, and property rights, alongside incentive mechanisms to attract investors. However, the research reveals that there are contradictions between the way investment is conceived and promoted and the common Constitutional recognition of land as communal property. Customary laws positively influence land and resource management but may restrict women's land rights with varying applications by region. Inconsistent implementation of investment incentives, particularly in the inefficient and non-transparent land acquisition process, is noted. The findings suggest policy recommendations for multi-stakeholder platforms and communities of practice to drive transformative changes in land-based investments. Implications Enabling conditions for transformative land investment encompass legally and socially legitimate tenure systems, a robust land use plan and monitoring system, promotion of inclusivity among women, youth, and indigenous communities in land governance, improved government agency coordination for better land policy implementation, heightened awareness of environmental consequences, and facilitation of green and inclusive investment through fiscal incentives.

In this paper I will examine how the term progress becomes the basic word that describe a whole linear conception of history, which, although it starts from the eschatological origins of Christian doctrine, has as its basic foundation the perception that the course of the world's development has as its final stage and centre the Western World and the developments achieved within him (a perception which in the post-revolutionary landscape of ideas finds its 'philosophical armouring' in the work of Hegel). On this 'secular' view and the gradual de-metaphysicalisation of the post-medieval world, science was equally structured as a word and meaning, which, although in the early days as scientia it held the meaning of an 'intellectual virtue' linked to religion (religio), later separated from her, and was crucially linked to 'progress'. Through this paper, therefore, Ι will try to highlight, by carrying out a necessary genealogical retrospection based on the history of ideas and concepts: a) the early meaning and development of progress and science as concepts, and b) the later secularized reception of these two lexical signs in modernity and in the contemporary post-modern world, and in the end we will try to draw the necessary accompanying conclusions in the course of our analysis.

Abstract Livestock and poultry play a significant role in human nutrition by converting agricultural by-products into high-quality proteins. To meet the growing demand for safe animal protein, genetic improvement of livestock must be done sustainably while minimizing negative environmental impacts. Transposable elements (TE) are important components of livestock and poultry genomes, contributing to their genetic diversity, chromatin states, gene regulatory networks, and complex traits of economic value. However, compared to other species, research on TE in livestock and poultry is still in its early stages. In this review, we analyze 72 studies published in the past 20 years, summarize the TE composition in livestock and poultry genomes, and focus on their potential roles in functional genomics. We also discuss bioinformatic tools and strategies for integrating multi-omics data with TE, and explore future directions, feasibility, and challenges of TE research in livestock and poultry. In addition, we suggest strategies to apply TE in basic biological research and animal breeding. Our goal is to provide a new perspective on the importance of TE in livestock and poultry genomes.

There are numerous reports on the subjecting of children to various forms of violence as adisciplinary method throughout history, from ancient to modern times. Punishing children using physical violence, as a method of acquiring compliance with various social norms dictated by adults, has been continuously practiced during recorded humanity. The current international standards on children’s rights that require protection against violence have emerged in the past few decades as a societal response to the quasi-universal use of corporal punishment in modern societies. By contrast, in their empirical fieldwork done since the XIXth century in many hunter-gatherer societies, the ethnographers have found that most of these societies are characterized by the absence or the exceptional use of corporal punishment against children. In this regard, one area of interest consists in the significant differences in child discipline between hunter-gatherer and agrarian societies. Therefore, this analysis aims to explore variations in parental attitudes towards child-rearing in these two types of small-scale societies, integrating a historical perspective and taking into account variables such as indulgence towards children’s behaviour, responsiveness to children’s needs, affection towards children, children’s autonomy, father involvement and their correlations with the absence or presence of corporal punishment. For ethnographic information, I used Yale University’s eHRAF database, from which 601 ethnographic texts on 139 small-scale societies (85 hunter-gatherer societies and 54 agrarian societies) were extracted, coded, and analysed. Interpretation of the data indicates that hunter-gatherer societies have positive, non-punitive and more responsive parenting approaches to children’s needs, lacking physical punishment, while agrarian societies have scores indicating the presence of violent methods of discipline and parenting practices focused on submission and punishment. All five parental attitudes included in the analysis scored higher in egalitarian societies than in agrarian ones. The most pronounced disparity between the two types of cultures is related to the indulgent nature of parental care. In addition, attitudes of emotional neglect and reduced expression of affection towards children and limited father involvement in child rearing correlate very strongly with the choice of physical punishments for child discipline. The findings of this analysis highlight the importance of considering the historical and cultural context of parent-child interactions and cultural determinants in choosing positive parenting methods and provide a historical-anthropological perspective for promoting the normative prohibition of all forms of violence against children.

O artigo ocupa-se com a aplicação do princípio da neutralidade da rede a partir da nota técnica n. 34 do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE), que aborda as práticas do zero-rating e também seu impacto na legislação nacional de proteção à concorrência. Para possibilitar o objetivo de esclarecer como aquele princípio é interpretado pela autoridade administrativa brasileira, se expõe primeiro o conceito básico de neutralidade da rede e a sua relação com a estrutura que lhe é subjacente. Segue-se a isso a elucidação das práticas de zero-rating e seus possíveis efeitos, com atenção ao caráter especulativo do tema. Em um terceiro momento, precisa-se a argumentação trazida na nota técnica e suas respectivas formas teóricas, ao mesmo tempo em que se põe em discussão as questões concorrenciais e consumeristas trazidas pelo documento. Por fim, lida-se com a problematização da conjunção do quadro teórico trabalhado com as correlatas peculiaridades do ordenamento jurídico nacional. A conclusão é que a autoridade administrativa brasileira descarta o conceito de neutralidade da rede em favor do princípio da diversidade da rede, contrariando a estrutura normativa ex ante em que se funda o Marco Civil da Internet.

Emergency remote teaching observed from 2020 to 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic, reverberates questions beyond this extraordinary time frame when seen from the perspective of students and educators of a state school and a private school in Porto Alegre/RS, and additional situated knowledge. The ethnographic research, conducted in two main stages – interviews with teaching teams and participant observations of synchronous classes –, identified factors that until the pandemic were not at the center of reflections on educational inequality (technological, family, emotional, and domestic infrastructure), together with different behaviors, personalities, languages, and cultural references depending on the student’s social class and gender. From the point of view of educational professionals, the harsh reality of educators in public institutions (accumulation of subjects, extensive workload, and triple shifts) was compounded by discoveries concerning the teacher-student relationship and online methodological choices.

O ensino remoto emergencial, observado de 2020 a 2021 durante a pandemia de Covid-19, sob a perspectiva de estudantes e educadores de uma escola pública e uma escola privada de Porto Alegre/RS, além de saberes situados, reverbera questionamentos para fora deste marco temporal extraordinário. A pesquisa etnográfica, realizada em duas etapas principais - entrevistas com equipes pedagógicas e observações participantes de aulas síncronas - identificou fatores que, até a pandemia, não estavam no centro das reflexões acerca da desigualdade educacional (tecnológicos, familiares, emocionais e de infraestrutura doméstica), além de comportamentos, personalidades, linguagens e referências culturais diferentes de acordo com a classe social e o gênero do estudante. Do ponto de vista dos profissionais educacionais, à realidade dura das educadoras da instituição pública (acúmulo de disciplinas, extensa carga horária de trabalho e triplas jornadas) se somaram descobertas sobre o relacionamento professor-aluno e escolhas metodológicas online.

Abstract The Bonsucesso zinc-lead (Zn-Pb) sulfide deposit is hosted in carbonate rocks from the Vazante Group (transition of the Mesoproterozoic to the Neoproterozoic time), northwest of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Regional deformation is associated with the thin-skinned tectonics that led to the formation of the foreland zone of the Brasília Orogen during the Neoproterozoic. These orogenic processes are the trigger of Zn-Pb mineralization in many base-metal deposits in the Vazante Group. Here, we describe the ore textures and the structures of the deposit to define its structural controls in deposit scale and formulate hypotheses about its forming process in the context of other Vazante Zn-Pb deposits. Mineralization distribution is controlled by a high-angle fault zone striking NNW and dipping 60° to WSW. Fault-related fractures functioned as pathways for Zn-Pb-rich fluids to be redistributed and crystallize where chemical conditions were adequate. Mineralization was likely formed in an extensional setting in breccia zones controlled by flexurally induced normal faults related to development of the foreland basin of Brasília Orogen. Later, the entire Vazante sequence underwent an inversion process and extensional structures were reactivated or obliterated. Finally, an understanding of local controls may be of good use to target exploration for new orebodies in the district scale.

One of the most important challenges facing the flexographic plate manufacturers and by extension in the field of flexographic surface prepress is the stability of the rate of change in the physical and chemical properties of the flexographic surface, whether during the photo-engraving process and the subsequent processes of developing drying, and, final exposure, then the printing process and what it faces from other challenges, which are The friction power resulting from the continuous contact between the anilox cylinder and the flexographic surface, and then transferring the inked image to the surface of the material continuously during the printing run in the presence of impression cylinder.The characteristics of the printing ink constitute is considered one of the most important factors affecting on the hardness and thickness of the flexographic surface, whether the type of ink has a solvent based or water based, or even of the type of inks with ultraviolet dryness. Each of these types has a direct effect on the physical behavior of the thickness and hardness of the flexographic surface during Print production.The research aims to develop a guideline for the rate of change of thickness and hardness of the printing flexographic plate with 3d-printing techniques "by applying the fused deposition modeling technique" by comparing it with the flexographic plates produced by digital methods.The study followed the descriptive, analytical and experimental method and found a convergence in the rate of change for both the hardness and thickness of the flexographic plates produced digitally and the flexographic plates produced by the technique of 3D printing "by applying the fused deposition modeling technique" Over the course of twelve hours, in the case of water-based inks and UV-treated inks, while in the case of solvent-based inks of the type of nitrocellulose inks, the rate of change was higher in both types of flexographic surfaces, whether digital or produced by 3D printing technology, in addition to the splitting of the polymer layer in the flexographic plate produced by 3D printing from the polyester backing film after eight hours of testing.

Background: Workplace-based learning (WBL) provides authentic learning opportunities to develop fit-for-practice healthcare workers. Different types of WBL opportunities have been described in high-income countries, but the opportunities in the district health systems of sub-Saharan Africa have not been characterised. Aim: This study explored family physicians’ (FPs) and registrars’ perceptions of WBL opportunities in a decentralised postgraduate family medicine registrar training programme. Setting: The study was conducted at five decentralised training sites across two provinces affiliated with the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa. Methods: This instrumental case study involved semi-structured qualitative interviews with 11 FPs and 11 registrars purposively sampled across the training sites. The verbatim transcripts were thematically analysed using Braun and Clark’s six-step approach. Results: Workplace-based learning opportunities were grouped into four themes: Learning from interpersonal interactions, learning from district activities, self-directed learning and contextual influences on learning opportunities. Registrars learnt from patients, peers, FPs and other professionals. Feedback, self-reflection, portfolio use, involvement in various district events, such as student and staff teaching, and continuous medical education augmented learning. Contextual influences originated from health facilities, resource availability, district management and university support, excessive workload and a need for standardised district learning opportunities. Conclusion: Registrars are exposed to several types of WBL opportunities in district health systems. Effective engagement with available opportunities and addressing contextual challenges could enhance registrar learning. Contribution: Maximising learning opportunities to promote registrars’ acquisition of required skills and competencies to efficiently address community needs in a middle-income country such as South Africa.

The art installation Osmose (1995) by Char Davies, one of the most widely discussed media art projects, will be explored in relation to the notion of de-automatization. The de-automatized experience in Osmose will be developed by looking at theories of perception by Arthur Deikman and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, as well as George Stratton’s inverse goggle experiment, Bernard Stiegler’s account of automation, and Gilles Deleuze’s writings on the virtual. The article traces a double act of de-automatization in Davies’ Osmose that occurs due to the indeterminate object relations in the multi-media installation on the one hand, and their intertwinement with the organic sensing body on the other. This leads to an ungearing of one’s habitual perception, that produces a particular relation with the virtual dimension. By outlining the theoretical framework of the intertwining between technical object and bodily experience in Osmose, it becomes possible to speculate on the trajectory of contemporary VR experiences. Whilst the contemporary VR scene still relies heavily on the privileging of the visual dimension, the project We Live in an Ocean of Air by Marshmallow Laser Feast shows how VR environments can ‘leverage on’ emerging technologies to re-produce nuanced deautomatized experiences. De-automatization unravels how the reception of the deautomatized VR image reframes relations between actual and virtual.

Abstract: The article talks about Ahmadou Kourouma‘s novel entitled En attendant le vote des bêtes sauvages( 1998) in which Kourouma makes his readers appreciate that the fruits of effective governance in the post-colonial Africa should be stemmed on political accountability, protection of fundamental human rights, economic development, the improvement of general living standard of all citizens among other things. However independent Africa countries are rather hit hard with demagoguery which is the heart of his merciless satire which criticizes politicians on personalization of political power and public purse, resorting to unrealistic and deceptive political manifestoes as well as modification of the constitution to maintain power, to enrich them and to be worshipped as mini gods to the detriment of the economic, socio-political welfare of the masses. This article discusses the true character traits of the post-independence leaders with the style of mockery and satire to demystify and to destroy the existentiality of demagoguery and it’s regime on the continent. Keywords: griot, satire, demagoguery, power, masses

Résumé: L’article traite la frustration de la femme dans l’œuvre de Ken Bugul (1982). Cett héroïne quitte Ndoucouman au Sénégal pour faire les études en Belgique. Elle y rencontre des mauvais amis qui finissent par l’introduire aux vices sociaux. Par conséquent, au lieu de poursuivre les études pour devenir un cadre qui ne serait pas sous la domination de l’homme elle devient plutôt une traînée et une fille vient-me-baiser. Ce qui est marrant est qu’elle fait tout cela contre sa propre volonté. Bugul (1994) Marie Mbaye née a Saloum au Sénégal est une femme qui cherche à se marier à un européen. Elle rencontre Mr.Y qui la promet de la marier. mais arrivée en France elle découvre que celui-ci avait déjà une femme légale et que le mariage ne pouvait plus se tenir parce que la registration française ne permet pas à un homme d’afficher a deux femmes et qu’il voudrait plutôt la garder comme son maîtresse et la visiter seulement lorsqu’il a libre. Bugul (1999) la narratrice veut échapper la condition de la femme en Afrique et quitte Diaké au Sénégal pour la Pologne en quête de bonheur. Avec ses amis européens elle y promène partout et découvre un jour que tout cela ne l’emmène à rien. Les trois protagonistes de Bugul y sont toutes frustrés L’analyse se propose d’interpréter les situations qui rendent la femme africaine frustrée. Mots-clés : l’émancipation, l’immigration, la frustration, l’homosexualité, la prise de drogue

Context and background Although a growing body of literature maintains that riparian reserves are infrequently conserved, a knowledge gap exists on how their status may be assessed through a triangulation of spatial and temporal approaches. Goal and Objectives: This study, therefore, sought to investigate through geospatial analysis the extent to which riparian reserves in Kenya were conserved as provided for under the legislation. The study area covered sections of Rivers Nyakomisaro and Nyanchwa which flows through Kisii town. Methodology: A case study research design was adopted to query the extent to which the standard that regulates riparian reserves was complied with along the two rivers. Geospatial data were collected using Google Earth images for the years 2005, 2011 and 2021 and analyzed using GIS. Results: Results showed that in 2005, 26% of the riparian reserves had been intruded by eucalyptus trees which are known to deplete water resources. This correspondingly increased to 28% and 29% in 2011 and 2021. Land under cultivation and short vegetation in 2005 covered 53%, 51% in 2011 and declined to 41% in 2021. Built-up land covered 21% in 2005 but increased to 22% in 2011 and 29% in 2021. Built-up land recorded the highest intrusion into the riparian reserves as evidenced by an increase of 8% between 2005 and 2021. The study concludes that intrusion into the riparian reserves in the study area continues unabated due to insufficient development control, the absence of a common legislative framework, and a lack of monitoring to determine the magnitude of land-use change that is shaping the riparian reserves.

The principle of environmental sustainability has emerged since recent decades as a vital and necessary requirement in various fields and activities of our daily life, especially in industrial fields, and it has negative effects on surrounding environment at all levels, whether airy, watery, noise and others ... etc. and Perhaps this is most prominent challenges facing the printing and packaging industry, especially in the prepress stage, since There are large quantities of non-processed photopolymer as a residue after developing of the flexographic printing plates whether prepared by the digital method (LAMS technology or prepared with negative films), and they are not then used in any recycling operations, due to their high sensitivity and hardening after exposing to light in addition to that they fall within the range of thermoset materials polymer, which occurs to photopolymerization and hardens, and then the bonds of the molecules cannot be re-bonded again to return them to their previous form. it is not used in any operations to recycling or enter in any manufacturing industry. Therefore, the aim of this study seeks to find alternative environmentally safe methods to exploit the Photopolymer wastes from flexographic plates prepress processes. To achieve this, the research team followed the experimental method and descriptive analytical method in making experiments and laboratory tests to obtain practical alternatives to exploit that waste and test the possibility of using it in the production of printing molds and also ,the possibility of obtaining high thermal energy from the combustion of the non-processed photopolymer is higher than the thermal energy produced from activated coal ,paper and plastic waste to take it in industries that require high thermal energy, such as cement, iron and steel factories and other heavy industries that require thermal fuel with a high energy taste as biofuel instead of disposing it as useless and environmentally harmful waste.

Constantine the Great inaugurated his bridge across the Danube between Oescus (Ghighen) and Sucidava (Celei) on July 5, 328. It was first mentioned by Sextus Aurelius Victor, in Liber de Caesaribus, 41.18, and then by late chronographers during the VII th – IX th centuries (Chronicon Pascale, I, 526, 16-17 (P 284) and Theophanes Confessor in Chronographia, a. 5820 (328), p. 28, (19-20 De Boor). The great constructive moment also appears during the 11th century in the chronicle compiled by the Byzantine monk Georgios Kedrenos, Synopsis historion (Synoptic History, also commonly rendered as A Concise History of the World). The bridge was subsequently suggested or explicitly rendered in the Index Geographicus Celsissimi Principatus Wallachiae – Map of Wallachia of vel Stolnic [High Steward] Constantin Cantacuzino by the end of the 17th century, and shortly after that in the „Istoria delle moderne rivoluzioni della Valachia” (1718, Venice). The latter was written by Anton Maria Del Chiaro, who was Constantin Brâncoveanu`s, Prince of Wallachia (1688-1714), personal secretary. Called „the brass bridge” by the local people on both banks of the Danube, according to a popular belief that its legs would have been cast from metal, the bridge was in olden times attributed to Trajan. In local folklore, the ”Domnul de Rouă” (Lord of Dew) would have passed on its wooden platform during the night, toward the Romanați Plain, heading to the courts of Ler Împărat from the fortress of Antina (Romula/ Reșca). The bridge of Constantine the Great is also mentioned in the second half of the 19th century in the monograph of Felix Kanitz, based upon information collected from the locals and from the pilots of the Vienna Danube Steam Navigation Society (Erste Donau-Dampfschiffahrts-Gesellschaft – the DDSG). One of the masonry pillars of the bridge on the fairway close to the Romanian shore was mentioned in July 1869 by passionate journalist and amateur archaeologist Cezar Bolliac; a mere four years later, his archaeological sleuthing culminated in the discovery of the bridge’s northern portal. Quickly covered with soil and waste discharged from the hillside of Celei village, the portal was reinvestigated by Pamfil Polonic and Grigore Tocilescu during a two-month campaign, between June 16 and August 15, 1898. We owe the 1902 publication of those results to the latter, based on the rigorous observations and detailed drawings of topographical engineer Pamfil Polonic. Only in the summer of 1968, Dumitru Tudor coordinated excavations whose precise purpose was to document again the northern portal and to check the neighboring southward pillar(s). The results of these investigations have been relatively modest, but still provide welcome additional information. They were later found in an article by Octavian Toropu and several monographic studies on the site and the Roman bridges on the Lower Danube, primarily due to Dumitru Tudor. Our contribution makes a critical review of all historical and archaeological data pertinent to the bridge of Constantine the Great at Oescus-Sucidava. It introduces as elements of absolute novelty for specialized literature the results of the bathymetry carried out in 2017 through the Danube bed and those of the magnetometric survey (October 2022) in the floodplain on the left bank of the river, today a communal pasture. Thus, within the FAST DANUBE Project, the team of specialists from Marine Research carried out bathymetric measurements with multibeam sonar, on which occasion they identified 27 possible traces (pillars) of the Constantine I Bridge erected between Oescus and Sucidava. The traces of the piles stretch along a linear route for 820 m, while the average distance between them is around 30 m. Additional magnetometric investigations were carried out in the fall of 2022, between the northern portal, the ancient tributary and the mouth of Bozahuzului (from Tr. boğaz, mouth, narrow strait or entrance), also called Banului, or Celeiului backwater. Their result consisted in the identification of seven other anomalies (pillars) due to the Constantinian bridge, over a length of approx. 210 m. The respective anomalies show a rigorous alignment with the northern portal and the masonry piles highlighted by the bathymetry carried out through the Danube bed, and the distance between them is, again, identical.

Context and background Artisanal mining has long been integral part of livelihood structure and economic systems of certain rural communities. Artisanal mining operates informally in developing countries coupled with social, environmental, and economic challenges. Formalization of artisanal mining is being adopted in many countries in order to tackle the challenges of artisanal mining. Formalization entails enactment of legislations for recognition of artisanal mining, creation of mining rights cadastre and granting of mining titles. Formalization of artisanal mining has been embraced in East African community countries of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania. These countries are enacting laws and developing mining and minerals cadastral systems. However, access to seasonal resources like the sub-surface artisanal mining rights are regulated by customary tenure arrangements. Moreover, the artisanal miners are sometimes migrants, the rights are seasonal and the mining area boundaries not easily identifiable. This paper examines how legislations in East African Community countries provide for the formalization of artisanal mining operations. Goal and Objectives: The objective of this article is to compare artisanal mining formalization in the East African Community countries through legislations and development of the mining cadastre. The article compares how different countries specify entities of artisanal mining rights for the inclusion in the mining cadastral system. Methodology: The methodological approach adopted for this article was comparative review of legislations, theoretical and empirical literature from the six East African Community countries. Results: Four countries; Burundi, Kenya, South Sudan and Uganda directly legislate artisanal mining and grant artisanal mining titles. Artisanal mining titles are reserved for citizens and are transferable. Only South Sudan specify artisanal mining cadastral unit. Therefore identification of cadastral unit remains a puzzle in artisanal mining registration. However, all the mining legislations do not provide for initial adjudication of artisanal mining rights for registration.

The article Tactics of hearing the minor injured person in the case of crimes against sexual freedom and integrity before the court theoretical and practical aspects aims to analyze the stages of hearing the minor injured person in a case where crimes against sexual freedom and integrity are judged, presenting the questions prior to the hearing, the purpose of the hearing, the disposition of the hearing, legal assistance, establishing the place and time of the hearing, the presence of the psychologist, the preparation of the magistrate, the drawing up of the listening plan, the prior preparation of the injured person, conducting the actual hearing of the injured person, the types of questions asked, the analysis of the judge's behavior, establishing the framework where the hearing takes place and the participation of the people called to assist in this activity. Undoubtedly, the hearing of the minor injured person before the court in the case of crimes against sexual freedom and integrity is clearly demarcated from the other hearings, presenting a series of peculiarities, which are presented throughout the material. Starting from the topic of the conference, namely Forensics an important landmark in the search for the truth, we appreciate that Forensic Tactics as a component of Forensics provides the necessary means to find out the truth, to the extent that all the necessary resources are known and used to obtain complete statements from the persons interviewed according to the rules of criminal procedure and the rules of forensic tactics.

Engaging in martial combat, whether for military, self-defence or cultivation purposes, is taken to sensitise practitioners towards existential issues which in turn enliven potential religio-spiritual experiences and awakenings. In this paper, we draw on Girard’s (1977) Violence and the Sacred, and in particular his proposition that, “religion shelters us from violence just as violence seeks shelter in religion” (Girard, [1977] 2005: 25) to examine sacralisation processes in the traditional martial arts with a particular focus on highlighting how violence, sacralised through sacred imagery, is used as a structuring force to instill dispositions that counter ubiquitous human tendencies towards unfettered violence and violent vengeance. We highlight the phenomenon and function of sacred imagery used in martial arts with very different cultural, ethnic, and spiritual influences, specifically: Japanese Karate, Korean Taekwondo, Brazilian Capoeira and Mexican Xilam. For authenticity, each section is written by an experienced scholar-practitioner of the art and combines literary, empirical, and biographical reflection. Despite these variations, we identify two modalities of sacred imagery use. The first is representational imagery used as sacred signifiers which embed the art in a tradition of sacred attachment. The second form of sacred imagery is metaphorical discourse which is designed to invoke creative visualisations aligning practitioners with idealised experiential states taken to have sacred (as well as practical) value in relation to combat. We conclude that the use of sacred imagery in these ways becomes part of an affective body pedagogy used by the traditionalist martial arts to transfer valued knowledge through the corporeal medium to offset and sacralise violent tendencies. It is qualified that in practice, this sacralisation process involves complex entanglements of the cultural origins, practitioner interpretation and the contemporary context of the martial art in question. The outcome is an evolving sacralisation process which rests in constant tension with the underlying problems initiated by the ubiquitous body-in-conflict problem and the propensity for violence and violent vengeance that the learning of combative skills might otherwise unleash in the body and onto society.

The bio-cementation repairing technique consists in using a bio product which precipitates in a porous environment and thus, filling the internal voids. In the construction industry, there is a series of applications for this repairing technology, mainly for cementitious materials. In this respect, the calcium carbonate-based materials are considered to be the most suitable bio products since they are compatible with a wide range of concrete mixes.

This research aimed to analyze the effects of using tuff and limestone as supplementary pozzolanic materials on the permeability of a classic C12/15 concrete composition. There were designed two types of concrete compositions with different degrees of permeability, namely P810 and P1210 as reference concrete compositions and eight experimental concrete compositions with tuff in 6% and 10% of the cement quantity and with limestone in the same proportions. According to results, the tuff and limestone led to the decrease of concrete permeability, the best values being registered in the case of using 10% tuff in the concrete composition with P810 class of permeability.

The paper presents the comparative analyses in terms of dynamic behavior of two scenarios of an RC frame structural system for a duplex house situated in Neamt, Romania a seismic zone with PGA 0.25g. The study shows the structural behavior in terms of vibration modes, horizontal displacements and efforts. The conclusions offer the best argument to chose the preferred structural system by owner.

The presentation aims to analyse art. 493 par. 7 of the Romanian Criminal Procedure Code which regulates the challenge of preventive measures taken against legal persons. The presentation will provide an overview of aspects such as the persons who can file such a challenge, the arguments which can be brought, the competent court, the decision to be taken, as well as the possibility to challenge the court order through which the court of appeal takes or maintains the preventive measures, based on the relevant case law and legal literature. A paralel with the rescission of preventive measures shall be made, in order to bring into light the main differences between the two regulations.

Gallicans like Montaigne construed the confessional struggle as a problem of jurisdiction between the Crown and the Pope. When he quipped “to the Ghibelline I was a Guelph, to the Guelph a Ghibelline”, he was thus not intimating that he appeared “Protestant” to the Catholic side and “Catholic” to the Protestant one. Instead, he used these terms in their historical sense, designating a division between citramontane supporters of the king and ultramontane supporters of the pope. Between anti-tolerant and anti-pacifist Leaguers and tolerant-pacifist Politiques lay a third option, that of anti-tolerant but pacifist Gallicans.

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Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mats (GCCMs) are flexible, cementitious material-filled geosynthetics that harden on hydration to form thin concrete layers and are primarily used for surface erosion protection applications. When installing GCCMs on steep slopes and channels, the interfacial friction between the GCCM and the substrate must be understood to determine if anchoring is required to secure the material in place. Determining interface shear resistance using test methods such as ASTM D5321 require a shear box and confining load acting on the soil/GCCM, which may not accurately represent GCCM resistance, as when installed there is typically no confining load other than GCCM self-weight and water. To provide a more detailed understanding of ‘unconfined’ interfacial friction properties of GCCMs, the authors created a tilt table which could be filled with different substrates and inclined to record the angle of GCCM specimen slip on the substrate surface. This paper reviews the tilt table testing on two common GCCMs with different backing layers (PVC and LLDPE), tested on a number of substrates that are typically lined in GCCMs. Both the interfacial friction angle and adhesion are determined, with discussion on the relationship between adhesion and surcharge for some substrate types.

Energy infrastructure is critical to the functioning of modern societies, and its protection against natural disasters and environmental threats is a top priority. Fire affects an estimated four million square kilometers (1.5 million square miles) of Earth’s land each year and is responsible for releasing aerosols and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The chances of erosion increase significantly when vegetation has been burned off, leading to mass movements of soil and water. Steep, hilly areas are particularly vulnerable to this phenomenon. Post-incendiary erosion increases sediment and ash in waterways, and can put people, property, and water supplies at risk. Geocellular confinement minimizes movement and migration of the embankment materials, resists sheet flow, and prevents severe erosion while controlling rill and gully formation, especially in erosive post-incendiary soils. This paper discusses: 1) the growing need to protect erodible slopes near and around energy infrastructure in fire-prone areas; 2) a recent project example where aggregate-filled geocells were used for this purpose; and 3) how this solution set can be applied as a best practice for energy infrastructure protection and pre- or post-incendiary erosion control.