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Resumen Las desigualdades estructurales sociales y de distinto tipo, intrínsecas al capitalismo, se profundizaron con la pandemia de Covid-19 hasta límites insostenibles para los sectores subalternos, entre los cuales se ubican los conjuntos de migrantes en situación administrativa irregular de los distintos países. A través de un enfoque antropológico transnacional, auxiliado por la etnografía virtual, se aborda el impacto sociosanitario que tuvo la crisis pandémica para estos grupos en Barcelona, São Paulo y Buenos Aires durante 2022-2023, así como sus respuestas grupales-comunitarias para contener y sobrellevar sus necesidades inmediatas y urgentes, más allá de las políticas públicas implementadas en cada país/región/ciudad, con desigual cobertura y eficacia. La realidad abordada, entonces, conjuga esas carencias estructurales que no fueron resueltas como consecuencia de la crisis desatada a partir de la pandemia, con nuevas problemáticas sociosanitarias derivadas de las necesidades de supervivencia de los migrantes en cada contexto, destacándose el protagonismo de las mujeres.

El presente artículo ofrece una mirada panorámica acerca de los niveles de participación de mujeres en tribunales y órganos internacionales y muestra cómo, lentamente, y mediante una creciente transversalización de la perspectiva de género, se han ido produciendo avances en materia de integración femenina en tales instancias. Seguidamente, se presentan algunas razones para comprender la baja participación histórica de las mujeres en los tribunales internacionales, para finalizar planteando algunas posibles recomendaciones que permitirían incrementar la representación de mujeres en tales organismos.

The article is devoted to identifying the specifics of Russian philosophy through the analysis of F. M. Dostoevsky and L.N. Shestov’s texts. The stylistic features of the two philosophers have been considered, their ways of philosophizing and denying of the cult of reason have been examined. The analysis is carried out using additional literature of French existentialism (were used such philosophers who wrote in similar styles as philosophical essays). To date, there are many researches in which study features of Russian philosophy. It is noted, that one of them are imagery, inseparable connection between philosophy and faith and criticism of rationalism. The excessive cult of reason leads to such problems in the history as the creation of the hydrogen bomb, the environmental crisis and so on. The revolt against reason and the state of groundlessness are a response to the processes of modern rationalization and technocratization, an attempt to go beyond the limits of the usual paradigm, to get out of the closed subjectivity. Thus, it’s necessary to define the limits of the reason and develop a new way of philosophizing, for this reason it is proposed to consider the concept of groundlessness in the philosophy of L.N. Shestov, which makes the attempt to construct a philosophy, avoiding strict logic and excessive rationality.

Les initiatives mondiales de développement soutiennent fréquemment des projets de filières agricoles pour améliorer les moyens de subsistance. Au Maroc, des programmes de développement, dont le Plan Maroc Vert (PMV), ont encouragé la production de pommes dans les régions de montagne du pays. Afin d’accéder aux marchés nationaux et/ou internationaux, les nouveaux producteurs de pommes utilisent souvent des pesticides pour pouvoir commercialiser un produit concurrentiel. Grâce à une enquête ethnographique et à une analyse de la chaîne de production, en utilisant une combinaison d’enquêtes (n = 120) et d’entretiens (n = 84) avec des grossistes du secteur de la pomme, des représentants du gouvernement et des agriculteurs, cet article promeut une vision critique de l’approche de développement du PMV qui valorise implicitement la marchandisation. En explorant les processus interconnectés de marchandisation, nous relions les plants de pommiers subventionnés et les infrastructures d’entreposage frigorifique à la dépendance à l’utilisation des pesticides, qui fait désormais partie intégrante de la vie quotidienne des agriculteurs. Cela a des implications importantes sur la santé communautaire et les écosystèmes riverains. Alternativement, nous proposons comment imaginer des trajectoires différentes de développement qui « dé-marchandisent » les moyens de subsistance en se focalisant sur la création de connaissances locales et la diversification.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can be defined by the inability to recover from a traumatic event. A common misconception is that PTSD can only develop in circumstances of war or acute physical trauma. However, the diagnostic criteria of PTSD were adjusted in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to include the diagnosis and treatment of a life-threatening illness, such as cancer, as a traumatic stressor that can result in PTSD. The word ‘cancer’ is so strongly linked to fear, stigma, and mortality, that some patients are fearful to even say ‘the C word’. Therefore, it is not surprising that patients may experience a diagnosis of cancer as sudden, catastrophic, and/or life-threatening. Cancer-related PTSD (CR-PTSD) can negatively affect a patient’s psychosocial and physical well-being during treatment and into survivorship. Unfortunately, CR-PTSD often goes undiagnosed and, consequentially, untreated. This article provides a general overview of PTSD with cancer as the traumatic event in order to define CR-PTSD, and reviews the growing pool of literature on this topic, including prevalence, risk factors, characterization, and treatment of CR-PTSD. The purpose of this article is to spread awareness of this relatively newly defined and commonly missed disorder among patients with cancer to clinicians and patients alike.

Cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder (CR-PTSD) is relatively newly defined, lacks clinician awareness and, therefore, often goes undiagnosed. Untreated CR-PTSD can be debilitating; negatively impacting all aspects of a patient’s life throughout diagnosis, treatment, and into survivorship. Oncology nurses’ frontline role, which includes caring for both patients’ physical and psychosocial needs, and commonly forming a trusting relationship with patients, makes them ideal candidates for providing emotional support and assessing patients for risk or symptoms of CR-PTSD. In addition to a brief summary on the current nursing role in assessing and treating mental health disorders such as CR-PTSD, this article provides recommendations for how nurses can identify vulnerable patients, assess these patients for CR-PTSD and provide psychosocial support to those in need, as well as how hospitals can better equip oncology nurses to do so through training, education and supportive resources.

In his Meditations, Descartes introduces the idea of sceptical worries: I might be living in a dream or be the victim of an evil genius. These ideas are constantly emerging in science fiction, especially in superhero comics. Thus, through various comic books, such as Marvelman or Heroes Reborn, the authors illustrate that not only the Cartesian sceptical worries are displayed in the narratives, but they also expand them and dispelled the solution to scepticism provided by Descartes.

En el presente trabajo, se pretende introducir el tema de la privación de libertad a la luz de una perspectiva de género, con énfasis en los factores de maternidad y exclusión social que predominan en la población penitenciaria femenina. El principal aporte de este artículo es justificar la necesidad de que los Estados adopten políticas que promuevan la igualdad por equiparación y fundamentalmente, la igualdad por diferenciación, en relación a las mujeres privadas de libertad. En esta segunda dimensión, ello implica establecer en su favor un trato que permita corregir o aminorar la posición de desventaja en la que éstas se encuentran en los hechos. Tal necesidad se hace imperativa al considerar que esta desigualdad se agudiza cuando confluyen diversas causas de discriminación que se potencian recíprocamente, agravando la situación de desventaja que afecta a las mujeres, en lo que se ha venido en denominar interseccionalidad en la discriminación. A efectos de introducir el tema, se abordan tópicos relacionados con la igualdad y la pena, para luego tratar derechamente la privación de libertad en mujeres. La hipótesis básica del trabajo es que es necesario incorporar una perspectiva de género en la solicitud, determinación y especialmente, en la ejecución de la pena impuesta a mujeres.

This paper is focused on modalities to build the conflictual verbal communication in the public space. By adopting a linguistic analysis of discourse, it attempts to study an social controversy on the environmental matter, which is featured in a regional French newspaper (Ouest-France). We focus on the ways the journal tends to initiate, feed or de-escalate the conflict which mobilizes part of the Breton people on an industrial project for the sand extraction in the Bay of Lannion. The conditions for a deliberative space of confrontation for both discourse and counter-discourse were in place in order to build an argumentation, namely a “modality of discursive management for disagreement” (Doury, 2016). An argumentation is not systematically conflictual. However, it appeared in our case that the contradiction in the argumentation was systematically under the form of a stigmatization. When reading the corpus of papers from Ouest-France, we were struck by the very negative image of the industrial company responsible for the sand extraction (La Compagnie armoricaine de navigation, or CAN). Facing such an unbalanced argumentative discourse, characterized by a polarized position (Amossy, 2014) likely to create and to feed conflict, we were interested in the linguistic construction of this negative image of one of the opponents (the CAN). We studied how this construction appeared in the public space, in the management of public affairs. Our analysis focused on such a recurrent discursive process, whihc we named the “agonal statement,” characterized by a symptom of conflictual discursive exchanges and, more generally, by a symptom of the conflictual intersubjective relation. The study was based on the notions of dialogism (Bakthine, 1975), as well as the notions of common sense and ideologization (Sarfati, 2004, 2011), in order to examine if the discourse can be used to displace its argumentative equilibrium by the construction of an enemy concentrating the hostile criticisms in the conflictual exchange in the form of monologue. The agonal statement constitutes the smallest unity containing the linguistic features necessary for dealing with a controversy by writing: actors who oppose each other, and a locutor who reports the event. It is a clue of controversy. Example: The future Monitoring Committee supposed to reassure … does not make its effect presently on the people opposed to the [sand] extraction. Sometimes, the agonal statement is the title of a paper, or its introduction, or one of its subtitles. Sometimes it is the first utterance of an article. Sometimes, it is made of a single utterance without a verb. Therefore, the agonal statement is a relatively simple structure, but its analysis is complex: three features (three socio-ideological actors, three argumentative functions, three utterers) and an interdiscursive context to take into account. However, such complexity gives rise to important information for the analysis: a simple agonal statement often represents the ‘climate’ of the whole article, as well as the editorial choices of the locutor and, potentially, the position of the socio-politic actors in the treatment of a public question. Agonal segments often constitute the beginning of a discourse in giving information on the rationale for the critics and comments which follow. The voice of the first actor of the agonal statement is heard only in order to situate the theme of the critics, the condemnation, and the judgment against that actor. In our corpus, the agonal statement is often the first (or one of the first) utterance of a relatively long sequence in which the theses of the opponents against an actor are exposed. The first actor of an agonal statement is often almost not heard. Moreover, the cotext is often silent concerning his position. The reader won’t get more information about his thesis when reading the rest of the paper. And if the cotext is not silent concerning his position, it is very short, or very critical. Conversely, the position of the second actor is often explained in both the agonal statement and the cotext. In the local daily press, the high frequency of the agonal statement shows that the media discourse keeps the verbal conflict going: it tends to impose a new form of doxa originating from an ideology by a process of ideologization and by giving the preference to one of the voices of the controversy (Sarfati, 2011). This study shows that the analysis of language conflict needs more than a lexical and syntactic approach. It appears that conflict does not proceed by local markers of language violence; it appears through an interdiscursive dialogic process during a discursive moment (Moirand, 2007a). The studied language conflict is indicative of the existence of a prior socio-ideological conflict, but also it is also a means to prevent as much as possible other conflictual expressions, including physical violence. When performing a critical or a pedagogical discourse analysis, it is often interesting to show other characteristics of an agonal statement: (1) it can be indicative of a controversy; (2) it can be indicative of the ‘climate’ of a controversy; (3) the lexicon used to name the actors of an agonal statement and their position assigned to the two sides within that sequence, can be constitutive of a process for the linguistic construction of an enemy; (4) the linguistic markers of distance or proximity between the actors can be indicative of whether or not the journalist or the editorial team of the newspaper takes a stance in the controversy; (5) many other linguistic markers in an agonal statement can contribute to the linguistic construction of an enemy (implicit, humor, attenuation or enhancement markers, reported speech).

Energy, like “the whole of science…is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking” (Einstein, 1936). It is a refinement in two respects, both conceptually, in the particular canonical features of the concept, and epistemologically, in the kind of intellectual pursuit the concept supports. Drawing on data from the third author’s third-grade class, we show evidence of children’s productive conceptual and epistemological resources for understanding energy. We discuss how responsive teaching can help students tap into and refine these resources, as well as the notion of responsive curriculum and our first steps in designing a prototype.

In this paper I illustrate how a basic kind of universal rationality can be profitably combined with undeniable instances of relativism. I do so by engaging Michael Friedman’s recent response to a challenge from Thomas Kuhn.

Muitos estudos apontam os aspectos positivos dos conselhos gestores e são consensuais que, uma vez consolidados, eles tendem a ampliar o raio de ação das políticas ambientais locais. Este artigo reavalia esta visão e, para isso, utiliza a teoria dos campos alicerçada em Bourdieu (1999) e Fligstein (2001) e tem como objetivos mapear e discutir os interesses dos grupos, em disputa contínua, dentro do Conselho de Defesa de Meio Ambiente de Maringá-COMDEMA e seus desdobramentos sobre a discussão e o direcionamento das políticas ambientais. Para isso, foram realizados revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, levantamento de atas do conselho – período 1993 a 2006 – e entrevistas com atores-chave. Entre os principais resultados, ressalta-se que a teoria dos campos permitiu verificar que as estratégias traçadas pelos grupos, que visam ao alcance de interesses específicos, em alguns momentos permitiram que os mesmos se associassem e, em outros, se confrontassem. De maneira geral, o jogo travado entre as diferentes posições, no campo ambiental, filtrou questões relevantes e fez com que prevalecesse somente a visão de que se deve cumprir a lei. Com isso, perdeu-se um espaço importante para avançar na discussão de planejamento do desenvolvimento com sustentabilidade ambiental.