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Cet article étudiera la littérarité des formes lexicales porteuses de stéréotypes (expressions figées et proverbes), très nombreuses dans le roman de Javier Tomeo, Diálogo en Re Mayor (1993). Une réflexion théorique sur la stéréotypie et le figement linguistique, amènera à introduire la notion de stéréotype lexicalisé, en la préférant à celle de stéréotype lexical. On expliquera que ces formes fixes imagées sont porteuses de répétitions connotées en raison du processus de répétitions diachronique qui a contribué à leur formation. On exposera le principe d'une isotopie de la répétition (regroupant ces répétitions connotées mais aussi toutes les répétitions discursives intra-textuelles) et on démontrera son existence en mettant en lumière la structure répétitive très originale de ce roman.

This catalogue presents, for the time, the overall editions of the Bible historiale preserved over the world. Classified in alphabetical order of the town, each exemplar is the subject of detailed note presenting the geographic origin, the date of edition, the support type (velum, paper), the number of leafs, the dimensions, the publisher and possibly the printer, the illustrations and the contents. A bibliography, the list of the exhibitions where the edition could have been presented and the list of the woodcuts – following a normative nomenclature – are also given. This catalogue is completed by a presentation of this editorial production in the literature of the first half of the XVIth century.

Whilst the issue of the theological debate on the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin is well-known for the 15th century in France, the contemporary devotion of laymen for the feast of the Conception is not as much documented. Yet, from the time of Charles V of France, several sources indicate that Kings of France and their circle get interested by this new belief. When the Dominican Jean de Monzon preaches against the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin in the University of Paris in 1387, Charles VI decides to dismiss his dominican confessor and not to choose him any more in this order. Theologians in favour of the Immaculate Conception, such as Michel de Creney, Pierre d’Ailly or Jean Gerson, members of the secular clergy and trained in the College de Navarre in Paris, spread their influence at the French court in the beginning of the 15th century. If the context seemed to be at the royal court in favour of the new belief yet greatly disputed, were artists working for the King or his family encouraged to develop images representing the Immaculate conception of the Virgin? Several elements can make think so. A new iconographical cycle on the Virgin’s Infancy is created in Books of Hours commissioned by the powerful laymen of the time. It shows the episode of the Golden Gate linked to the Virgin’s Annunciation. The Virgin represented as the Woman of the Apocalypse is more and more painted, in manuscripts as well as in small devotional panels made for Jean de Berry or Louis d’Orléans. Those new themes seem to indicate, more by the connexion with the favourable context than by their intrisic meaning, that artists commissioned by the King or “Princes des Fleurs de Lys” created between 1380 and 1430 images representing the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin.

The article discusses the holy shroud of Christ which was held at the Cistercian Abbey of Cadouin in Périgord, France since the thirteenth century and was brought to Toulouse in 1392. Topics discussed include religious customs which developed in Toulouse as a result of the shroud's presence as well as rituals and miracles performed with the shroud. King Charles VI of France attempted to use the shroud to cure himself in 1399. The shroud was stolen from the Saint-Suaire church at the Saint-Bernard school and returned to Cadouin in 1455.

Copyright of EMC-Gynecologie--Obstetrique is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMC-Gynecologie--Obstetrique is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMC-Gynecologie--Obstetrique is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of EMC-Gynecologie--Obstetrique is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Malgré la diminution régulière de la durée des séances dans notre centre, avec la moitié des patients en dialyse de 4–5 h, il persiste un groupe de patients HD en dialyse longue (6–8 h). But Comparer la survie des patients selon la stratégie de dialyse : HD high-flux 4–5 h (HD-4-5), online-HDF post-dilution 4–5 h (HDF-4-5) et HD longue 6–8 h (HD-6-8). Patients et méthodes Tous les patients prévalants ont été inclus en janvier 2010 et suivis prospectivement pendant 5 ans selon la stratégie de dialyse. Une analyse de survie est réalisée. Résultats Cent quatre-vingt-dix-sept patients HD en centre lourd ont été inclus. Les débits sanguins étaient de 250 ± 50 mL/min en HD-6-8 vs 320 ± 30 mL/min pour les 2 autres groupes. Le volume convectif moyen était de 21 ± 3 litres. Les dialyseurs étaient majoritairement des FX 80 et 100 (Fresenius Medical Care © Bad Homburg). En comparaison des patients des groupes HD-4-5 ( n = 30) et HDF-4-5 ( n = 70), les patients en dialyse longue (n = 96) étaient plus jeunes (63 ± 13 vs 70,6 ± 14 et 70,2 ± 15 respectivement), avaient un Kt/V (2,7 ± 0,8 vs 2,1 ± 0,5 et 1,9 ± 0,3), un nPCR (1,34 ± 0,4 vs 1,25 ± 0,3 et 1,16 ± 0,5) et une albumine plus élevés (34 ± 4 vs 33,6 ± 4 et 31 ± 4) ; ils avaient moins de cardiopathie (10 % vs 17 et 26 %), d’artériopathie (15 % vs 40 et 20 %), de cancer (10,5 % vs 20 et 13 %) et de cathéters centraux (10 % vs 17 et 22 %). Après 5 ans, les patients HD-6-8 ont eu une moindre mortalité : Log Rank 0,5[0,32–0,83] p = 0,004 vs HDF-4-5, et 0,4[0,21–0,7] p = 0,004 vs HD-4-5. Selon le modèle de Cox ajusté pour l’âge, l’ancienneté, les antécédents CV, le cancer et les cathéters, l’avantage de survie persiste pour HD-6-8 : HR 0,6 [0,37–0,96] p = 0,04. Discussion Les patients en dialyse longue sont probablement plus compliants avec la thérapeutique et motivés pour optimiser leur prise en charge. La dialyse longue permet d’améliorer la tolérance hémodynamique avec une utrafiltration horaire plus faible. Conclusion Dans cette petite étude observationnelle monocentrique, la dialyse longue est associée à une moindre mortalité en comparaison de l’HDF et de l’HD high-flux de 4–5 heures. Ceci constitue un argument pour continuer de proposer une stratégie longue, de jour et de nuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Seasonal variations seem to modify the incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), with a summer peak, although the meteorological parameters involved have not been studied in France. In order to conduct a national study evaluating the association between the occurrence of RRD and various climatological variables (METEO-POC study), we need to establish a national cohort of patients having undergone surgery for RRD. The data of the National Health Data System (SNDS) allow the realization of epidemiological studies concerning various pathologies. However, as these databases were initially intended for medical administrative use, the identification of the pathologies coded in these databases must be validated before any use for research purposes. In order to carry out a cohort study using SNDS data, the objective of this study is to validate the identification criteria for patients having undergone RRD surgery at Toulouse University Hospital., Methods: We compared the cohort of RRD surgery patients at Toulouse University Hospital from January to December 2017 assembled from SNDS data with the cohort of patients meeting the same selection criteria assembled from Softalmo software data., Results: With a positive predictive value of 82.0%, a sensitivity of 83.8%, a specificity of 69.9%, and a negative predictive value of 72.5%, we can consider that our eligibility criteria are performing well., Conclusion: Since the selection of patients via SNDS data is reliable at Toulouse University Hospital, we can use it at the national level for the METEO-POC study., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: We conducted this study to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown in France from March 17, 2020 to May 10, 2020, on the ophthalmic emergency department at Toulouse University Hospital, compared to the period from March 2 to March 16, 2020., Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study, conducted in the ophthalmic emergency department of Toulouse University Hospital. We included the patients presenting to the emergency department from March 2 to May 10, 2020. We recorded age, sex, day of visit, time until care was received, past ocular history, outpatient or inpatient status, final diagnosis and its severity, outpatient or inpatient disposition, and medical or surgical treatment after the emergency department visit., Results: We found a substantial decrease in the number of patients per day, mostly during the first month of the lockdown: 44 patients per day before the lockdown compared to 23 patients per day during the first month, followed by 38 patients per day for the second month of lockdown; more patients visiting promptly; and elderly patients represented a higher proportion of patients., Conclusion: The first lockdown in France due to the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the Toulouse ophthalmic emergency department, especially concerning the number of patients per day; this study helps to assess individual behavior in this context of a public health crisis., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Dupilumab is a recombinant monoclonal IgG4 type antibody which inhibits IL4 and IL13 signaling. It is indicated in moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults and adolescents over 12 years of age. Its side effects include conjunctivitis and blepharoconjunctivitis, affecting between 4.7% and 28% of patients depending on the study. The incidence of conjunctivitis in patients treated with dupilumab for AD appears to be higher than placebo in clinical studies. This increase was not observed in patients treated with dupilumab for asthma or sinonasal polyposis. The risk factors for conjunctivitis in patients with AD are disease severity, pre-existence of conjunctivitis and low concentrations of dupilumab, but the pathophysiology of this disease is poorly understood. A literature search carried out in April and May 2020 showed an increase in the number of publications on the subject, but there are currently no official joint dermatologist-ophthalmologist recommendations for prevention and management. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the status of this subject, to address the main questions raised by this type of conjunctivitis and to suggest a course of action for starting and continuing treatment with dupilumab in patients with AD, according to the recommendations of the French Ophthalmologist/Dermatologist group CEDRE., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To define predictive factors after manual implantation of intrastromal corneal ring segments (Ferrara ring) for the management of keratoconus., Patients and Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients with keratoconus were implanted with Ferrara intracorneal ring segments using a mechanical procedure. We measured corneal ring implantation depth, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), as well as refractive and keratometric outcomes. Patients were separated into two groups according to the gain of at least two lines of BSCVA ("good response") or the gain of only one line of BSCVA, no change, or the loss of lines of BSCVA ("poor response")., Results: After a 6-month follow-up, 41% patients experienced a gain of at least two lines of BSCVA, 31.8% a gain of only one line, 13.6% no change, and 13.6% a loss of BSCVA. The sphere reduced from 4.39 to 2.34D (p<0.01), the cylinder from 4.19 to 2.77D (p<0.01), and the mean keratometry from 51.44 to 48.74D (p<0.02). As successful predictive factors, we found the asymmetry of keratoconus (p<0.01) in relation to the steepest meridian and patients implanted with a single ring (p<0.02)., Conclusion: Defining preoperative successful predictive factors for Ferrara intracorneal ring segments is essential to enhance postoperative outcomes., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Keratoconus is the most common form of corneal dystrophy. It consists of a non inflammatory progressive thinning process that leads to conical ectasia of the cornea, causing high myopia and astigmatism. In more advanced cases, opacities can be seen at the apex of the cone. Traditional conservative management of keratoconus begins with spectacle correction and contact lenses. Surgery is recommended when a stable contact lens fit fails to provide adequate vision. Keratoplasty was long the only surgical treatment, but recent years have seen the introduction of new surgical options:--Collagen cross-linking stiffens the cornea and can halt disease progression;--Intrastromal corneal rings can reduce astigmatism and improve visual acuity;--Intraocular lenses are valuable additional options for the correction of refractive errors. Currently, keratoplasty is mainly restricted to patients with opacities of the central cornea.

In 1986, the concept of the claw lens was applied to correct myopia in phakic patients. Since then, progress has made iris-fixated phakic intraocular lenses (IOL) relatively safe, predictable, and effective for the correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. All these models have undergone a series of design improvements to prevent complications. Despite having excellent refractive results, the principal risk is a potential progressive endothelial cell loss. Many authors have presented encouraging results. Phakic iris-fixated IOL surgery is a potentially reversible procedure, but the surgeon cannot rule out the possibility of complications. Therefore, long-term follow-up is mandatory.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to report the epidemiologic and microbiologic features and to define the risk factors of hospitalized cases of bacterial keratitis in the Toulouse University Hospital Center of Ophthalmology (France)., Methods: This was a retrospective study including all cases of serious bacterial keratitis hospitalized between January 2006 and November 2007. Epidemiologic, microbiologic, and clinical factors such as age, reasons for hospitalization, visual loss, and risk factors were described., Results: Sixty-seven patients were hospitalized during this period, with a mean age of 46 years. The two most frequent clinical features for hospitalization were the area of stromal infiltrate (63%) and central corneal localization (61%). A local risk factor was identified in 92.5% of cases in decreasing order: contact lens wear (49%), keratopathy (16%), corneal injury (12%), and corneal surgery (7%). Sixteen percent had immunodeficiency from the most part because of diabetes and Gougerot-Sjögen's syndrome. Bacterial samples were positive in 57% of cases. Gram-negative bacteria were often isolated (45%) among contact lens wearers. After 3 months, the final visual acuity improved in 85% of the eyes studied., Discussion: Contact lens wear, even if it was the leading risk factor of serious bacterial keratitis requiring hospitalization, was not a negative prognosis factor in our study., Conclusion: Factors such as a low preoperative visual acuity, age, and the size of the initial infiltrate have a poor prognosis and immunodeficiency is the predisposing factor associated with the worst final visual acuity.

Objective: To report complications during and after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in 32 eyes at a single academic center with two techniques for delivering the endothelial corneal graft., Patients and Methods: Outcomes from a single center of 32 consecutives cases of DSAEK were analyzed prospectively. In the first 23 patients, the endothelial graft underwent single-fold delivery with forceps, and in the remaining nine patients, the graft was delivered with the Busin glide-based technique. The complications of DSAEK were noted from the intra- and postoperative periods., Results: Graft detachment was the most common type of complication encountered. In seven of 32 eyes (22%), graft detachments were observed. Three of the 32 eyes (9.5%) were considered to have failed DSAEK, meaning that persistent edema was present after DSAEK. One of the 32 eyes had a late corneal decompensation. Three eyes (9.5%) demonstrated graft rejection. Four eyes with detached grafts were successfully rebubbled after surgery. Two of the 32 eyes (6.2%) underwent repeat DSAEK and three eyes (9.5%) underwent penetrating keratoplasty., Conclusions: DSAEK is becoming the preferred method for treating endothelial dysfunction because it maintains the structural integrity of the eye and provides rapid visual recovery with minimal refractive change. However, we experienced some complications. Graft detachment is the most common complication, but postoperative rebubbling allows for graft reattachment in most cases. Other common complications found in this series were graft failure and graft rejection.

An 18-year-old patient presented with a solitary limbal tumor on his left eye that had appeared and increased in size for 3 weeks. This mass did not display any extension into the anterior chamber on gonioscopy. Excisional biopsy by lamellar sclerokeratectomy was carried out and the lesion was sent for histologic examination. The pathologic diagnosis showed the characteristic picture of juvenile xanthogranuloma with numerous Touton giant cells. There was no recurrence after a 9-month follow-up. The diagnosis of isolated ocular juvenile xanthogranuloma may be difficult and histologic examination of ocular lesions is often necessary. When juvenile xanthogranuloma affects the uvea, treatment is medical. When it appears as a limbal mass, treatment is surgical. Juvenile xanthogranuloma should always be considered a differential diagnosis of a limbal mass, especially in children.

Introduction: Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) is an exciting alternative to standard full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for the treatment of patients suffering from endothelial failure of the cornea. Corneal transplant rejection is the leading cause of endothelial failure after PK. While DSAEK may reduce the risk of corneal allograft rejection, endothelial rejection can still occur., Case Reports: We report three cases of endothelial rejection after DSAEK. Subacute endothelial rejection occurred in all three cases after the topical steroid treatment regimen had been stopped., Conclusion: A lower rejection rate in comparison with PK cannot be assumed and comparative studies are necessary. Extended topical steroid may be used. Subacute endothelial graft rejection implies that the patient needs to be fully informed of the functional signs and the need to seek medical advice immediately.