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Four activities are offered for French second-language classroom use: an exercise to aid comprehension of indicative and subjunctive mood; a lesson in making bread and jam, designed for young children; a study of narration within a novel, using a Guy de Maupassant story; and an exercise in discourse analysis. (MSE)

Four language classroom activities are described, including a food game, a culture and language activity based on a Paris Metro ticket, an exercise in the use of definite and indefinite articles using a film poster, and a classroom adaptation of a fairy tale for dramatic oral presentation. (MSE)

Four ideas for use in the French language classroom are presented, including a card game about regional France; activities using tape recorders and music to improve oral reading; a true-false quiz about food to develop vocabulary and comprehension; and an exercise in deciphering French using a bad copy of a document. (MSE)

Defines the meaning of the American expression "convenience food," quoting definitions given by dictionaries and specialized publications. Discusses the problem of finding the exact equivalent of this expression in French, and recommends some acceptable translations. (MES)

Language class activities concerning foods and recipe-reading, family life, learning to read the newspaper rapidly and critically, and French proverbs are described. (MSE)

Four classroom activities for French language instruction are described: an exercise focusing on differences in national cuisine and eating habits; a game about the French Revolution; analysis of and activities using a personal letter; and discussion based on a fable. (MSE)

Translations and descriptions are given in French for a number of English food terms: convenience foods, fast foods, fast foods industry, fast foods restaurant, frozen foods, deep frozen foods, fast frozen foods, quick frozen foods, dry frozen foods. (MSE)

The present work investigates the stability over time and the possibility of using commercial cricket (Acheta domesticus) protein powder as an ingredient in various food products. The results indicated that the protein powder is hygroscopic, but it can be kept for 7 months in a package, even if it is unsealed. After one week of storage in an open package, in contact with atmospheric air, the water activity increases from 0.150 to 0.514 and the moisture value increased almost three times. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the proteins are completely denatured. The values for water holding capacity increase as the pH of the environment increases between 6 and 8, and the swelling index has higher values for pH between 4 and 6. In the case of liquid products, commercial cricket (Acheta domesticus) protein powder can be add if the liquids have an ionic strength as low as possible and a pH around 4.

Le XIXe siècle français est marqué par l’obsession de définir et systématiser tout aspect de la vie à table. En littérature, de nombreux romans jouent sur le thème du « bon goût » pour diverses raisons. Le présent article porte sur les principales constituantes du discours sur le « bon goût » de l’époque et interroge la relation de la littérature à ce discours dans une sélection de romans réalistes et naturalistes.

The 1973 Hovis television advertisement, directed by Ridley Scott, commonly referred to as “Boy on the Bike” or “Bike Ride”, is one of Britain’s most well-known. The advert presents a bread delivery boy struggling to push a heavily laden baker’s bike up a steep cobblestoned hill to deliver a basketful of large, traditional loaves to “Old Ma Peggoty’s place”, the last stop on the round, before freewheeling back down to the bakery, where, we are told, a hot drink and thick slices of warm, freshly baked bread are awaiting him. The voiceover is the delivery boy, now an elderly man, nostalgically reminiscing over his younger years.Describing the continuing remembrance of the advert, Ridley Scott declared in 2019: “I remember the filming process like it was yesterday, and its success represents the power of the advert. It taught me that when you combine the appropriate music and the appropriate film, you have lift-off.” The music he is referring to is a short extract from Dvořák’s New World Symphony, recorded for the advert by Ashington Colliery Brass Band.“Bike Ride” creates a nostalgic evocation of the stereotypical, English working class. Yet, simultaneously, “Bike Ride” also provides images of stereotypical, idealised English rural village life, exemplified by the filming location of Gold Hill in Shaftesbury, Dorset. This article will explore the functioning of these nostalgic representations of a bygone golden era.

Chocolate was among the first foods to travel from the New World to Spain and it is the main subject of Cowling’s book. Within, Cowling discusses the material importance that chocolate had in the New World and how it was assimilated into European society as a commercial, medicinal, and sexual commodity. Cowling’s major contribution is to trace the mention of chocolate in Spanish literary works and historical papers of the early modern period, including poems, plays, medical and religious treatises, as a means of measuring the ways and the extent to which chocolate was incorporated into Spanish society.

Since the recent distinction between institutional and social heritage has been made, it is now possible to analyze a case of food heritage independent of official certification. This article aims to show how the Île d'Orléans strawberry is part of a social process of transforming food into a popular heritage, thus recognized and valued "from below". In this sense, it is suggested that press discourses participate in the construction of the strawberry's heritage as much as they relay the resulting construct. The analysis presented in this article thus highlights the role of the media in the construction of heritage, notably through the consolidation of the link between place and product.

In a context of medicalization of food and of accountability of industrialists and consumers for the alleged harms of certain food practices on health, this article constitutes a proposal for formalizing the differences between, on the one hand, the expectations of an agri-food company putting messages on its products that imply a more health-friendly composition, and on the other hand, the forms of appropriation that are made of them in families. Articulating approaches to socio-anthropology of food (Poulain, 2002) and Actor-Network Theory (Callon I., 2006), we categorize and describe these differences based on interviews and observations conducted between 2018 and 2019, in companies, supermarkets, and families' homes. These shifts, which are more or less significant, reflect the space of freedom that families have within a system in which agri-food companies send messages about the norms of “eating well”.

This contribution focuses on the sustainable dimensions of food policies and discourses in France. The rise of sustainable food in recent years and its media coverage have caused a paradigmatic shift from healthy to good to eat, leading to changes in public policies and social representations. This research is carried out within the framework of the implementation of a territorial policy of a medium-sized French metropolis around sustainable food. Several methodologies are deployed (discourses analysis, semi-structured interviews, focus-groups, online survey) here to, first of all, capture the discourses circulating in the public and media space concerning sustainable food. In a second step, it is a question of understanding the practices, the social representations and of implementing a participative device allowing a reconfiguration of public policies at the local level for food democracy. The work as a whole highlights the political and communication dimensions of sustainable food.

In an increasingly connected and globalized world, tourist itineraries before, during and after travel have evolved towards new ways of experiencing and communicating with local people. In this context, spaces for encounters around food between travelers and locals have arisen, in part thanks to developments in collaborative economy and technological advances. Using an ethnographic approach based on the theoretical framework of the sociology of the eater, we have identified four communicative paths about food, showing how each local host, through his or her initiative and creativity, manages to communicate his or her own vision of authenticity. By diverting and reconciling ordinary local life with their vision of cultural authenticity and exclusivity, guests are able to create a new discourse on commensality, food relations and their identity as travelers.

The growing tendency to develop a self-awareness about the need to consume healthier food and have healthier habits of life has increased the presence of anglicisms that designate new concepts. It is well known that English has gained a prominent position, due to its role of international means of communication and due to the positive values such as prestige and modernity associated with this language. This study explores the growing use of English lexical items by Spanish online press. It also examines the inclusion of a sample of food-related terms in Spanish reputable lexicography sources. Finally, the degree of knowledge and use of these English lexical items is examined by administering a survey to a sample of 130 Spanish university students. Findings suggest that English borrowings are quite extended among youngsters, but many of these anglicisms are more known than used by participants. To conclude, English is inevitably gaining ground to other foreign languages, traditionally associated with food and gastronomy, such as French.

For South Asian Canadians who migrated to Toronto in the 1970s, the only place for them to purchase and consume South Asian foodstuffs would have been in the area referred to as ‘Little India’, which later developed into what is referred to today as the Gerrard India Bazaar (GIB). Little India is located on Gerrard Street, encompassing the nine blocks from Greenwood Avenue to Coxwell Avenue. The very first South Asian entrepreneur in Gerrard Street was Gian Naaz, who rented the defunct Eastwood Theatre in 1972 and began showing films in Hindi and other South Asian languages. Naaz’s success inspired and attracted other South Asian entrepreneurs, some of whom opened restaurants and grocery stores. These early South Asian businesses on Gerrard Street combatted racism and racial stereotyping and the GIB was a microcosm of the violences South Asians experienced all across Toronto in the 1970s and 80s. As such, this paper tells the story of how South Asians, both them and their businesses, persevered and helped develop the GIB as an ethnic enclave because it allowed South Asians to affirm notions of home and belonging in Canada, all without ever having a distinct residential identity.

This review article titled "Precision Farming: The Power of AI and IoT Technologies" delves into the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in revolutionising modern agricultural practices. This paper explores the integration of cutting-edge technologies, including AI, IoT, remote sensing, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), in addressing the challenges posed by diminishing agricultural resources and an expanding population. Precision farming, empowered by these technologies, offers a paradigm shift from traditional farming methods to a more data-driven, efficient, and environmentally sustainable approach. The use of AI and IoT in agriculture has led to significant advancements in crop monitoring, resource management, and decision-making processes. However, the implementation of these technologies is not without challenges, such as accessibility, connectivity, and the complexity of integration. This article reviews the current state and future prospects of precision farming, emphasising its role in enhancing agricultural productivity while minimising environmental impact. The potential for future innovations in this field is vast, promising a new era of efficient and sustainable farming practices essential for global food security.

This review article, “Smart Agriculture Solutions: Harnessing AI and IoT for Crop Management,” explores the transformative impact of digital technologies in agriculture. It focuses on the integration of the Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing sustainable farming practices. IoT technologies enable real-time monitoring of agricultural conditions using sensors and drones, while Cloud Computing provides robust data processing capabilities. AI leverages this data for predictive analytics in crop yields, disease detection, and automation of farming processes, optimizing resource use and adapting to climate change. The paper also examines the synergy of renewable energy sources with AI to power smart farming systems, proposing innovative solutions for energy-efficient, AI-driven agriculture. It highlights AI’s extensive role in improving crop management, from seed selection to soil analysis and crop health monitoring, thereby increasing yield quality and fostering sustainability. Furthermore, the article discusses the significance of space technologies in smart agriculture, showcasing advancements like drones and big data analytics. These innovations are crucial in developing economies, addressing global challenges like food security and contributing to economic growth. This review underlines the necessity of AI and IoT in revolutionizing agricultural methodologies, ensuring efficiency and sustainability in the face of a rapidly growing global population.

Türkiye’nin Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütüne (FAO) üye olduğu 6 Nisan 1948’den 1960 yılına kadar Türk-FAO ilişkileri ve bu ilişkilerin tarım ekonomisine olan yansımaları çalışmanın konusunu teşkil etmektedir. Konu, FAO’nun amaç, görev ve temas ettiği kuruluşlar; FAO Kalkınma Projeleri İktisadi Tahlil Enstitüsü Akdeniz Yetiştirme Merkezi’nin Türkiye’de kuruluş çalışmaları ve faaliyetleri; Türk-FAO ilişkileri içerisinde diğer faaliyetler ile sınırlandırılarak üç dönem halinde ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın kaynak materyalini, Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi Belgeleri, resmi yayınlardan; TBMM Zabıt Ceridesi, kanunlar ve tutanak dergileri, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Resmi Gazetesi ve Ayın Tarihi ile dönemin süreli yayınları arasında bulunan ekonomi dergilerinin makaleleri oluşturmaktadır. Konu incelenirken, Türk-FAO münasebetlerinin bölge ve Dünya ülkelerine sağladığı katkılar göz önüne alınarak değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar şunlardır: Türkiye’nin FAO’ya üye olduğu tarihten itibaren bu kuruluşun içerisinde yer aldığı yurt içi ve yurt dışı, ziraat, hayvancılık ve ormancılığı ilgilendiren birçok alanda uluslararası kongre, konferans ve toplantılara katılarak kendini geliştirmesi, ülkenin tarım ekonomisine katkılar sağlanmasına yol açmıştır.

This paper analyzes the origin, development and decline of Mixteca Alta’s agroecological and food system from the end of pre-Hispanic period till capitalism’s introduction, in the context of the Great acceleration which appeared indirectly in this region during the middle of the 20th century, when new roads were opened allowing local populations’emigration towards towns and industrial centers, that lead to the almost complete disapperance of sustainable “solares” (vegetable gardens) and the rapid expansion of food practices different from local diets.

Copyright of Essays in French Literature & Culture is the property of University of Western Australia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the articulation of resources at different scales in the processes of reterritorialization of food. Eleven contrasting cases of collective actions are analyzed and compared. Two points are highlighted : reterritorialization relies on the mobilization and creation of territorial resources, which can be of different kinds ; it relies on territorial and extra-territorial resources, the latter being mobilized to initiate and sustain the action, to reinforce it, or to allow it to increase its scope. In particular, these results highlight the role of a multiplicity of actors in the transitions towards a more territorialized food system.

The apparent jumble of the Amerindian abatis of the Rio Negro is a materialization of spacialities, temporalities and social links operating on various scales. The biological diversity found there is based on mythical narratives, a long-term regional history, life courses, choices, necessities and expert knowledge. Its salient element is bitter cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, with numerous varieties, and the Rio Negro region is a well-known center of varietal diversification. However, these varieties of cassava come with many other starch supplying species that are consumed in different ways. These plants, whose role is dietary as much as it is social, are structured in several groups and one of which is made up of cassava companion plants. Do these different groups constitute a key to understanding the history of regional agriculture that would have operated through the accumulation of agrobiological diversity? It is on the basis of a reading grounded in mythical narratives, archeobotanical data, and an ethnographic approach to the plants having underground amylaceous reserves that we try to answer these questions.

Abstract Introduction- Food additives are used to extend the shelf life of prepared foods or to sweeten a beverage, for example. In this study, we present an overview of the food additives used in foodstuffs marketed in the city of Oran (West Algeria). Materials and methods- A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the supermarkets and general food stores of the city of Oran to list the food additives incorporated in some foods of wide consumption. Results- A total of 114 food additives were identified. All the inventoried additives are listed in the Algerian official journal N°30 of 16 May 2012.The additives listed are not without risks to the health of the consumer. Some additives such as caramel dye or SIN150d are found in 3 local cookie brands and 4 local beverage brands (17.5%); sodium benzoate or SIN211 in 12 beverage brands and 2 jam brands (16.09%); butylhydroxyanisol (BHA) or SIN320 in a brand of chocolate, margarine and chips (1.67%).Overall, the labels of the products comply with the Algerian regulations with the exception of some shortcomings such as the nature of the aroma that was not always specified. Conclusion- The study found significant use of food additives. The level of risk on consumer health requires a broad awareness of the consumer, in particular moderate consumption of industrially prepared foodstuffs. Résumé Introduction- Les additifs alimentaires sont utilisés pour prolonger la durée de conservation des denrées préparées ou édulcorer une boisson par exemple. Dans cette étude, nous dressons un état des lieux des additifs alimentaires utilisés dans quelques denrées alimentaires de large consommation commercialisées dans la ville d’Oran (Ouest Algérien). Matériels et méthodes- Une étude transversale descriptive a été réalisée au niveau des superettes et magasins d’alimentation générale de la ville d’Oran pour lister les additifs alimentaires incorporés à quelques aliments de large consommation Dans un premier temps, une étude descriptive transversale a été réalisée pendant trois mois au sein de trois structures hospitalières de l’Ouest algérien. Résultats-Au total, 114 additifs alimentaires ont été répertoriés. Tous les additifs inventoriés sont listés dans le journal officiel Algérien N°30 du 16 Mai 2012.Les additifs répertoriés ne sont pas sans risques pour la santé du consommateur. Certains additifs comme le colorant caramel ou SIN150d est retrouvé dans 3 marques locales de biscuits et 4 marques de boissons locales (17,5%) ; le benzoate de sodium ou SIN211 dans 12 marques de boissons et 2 marques de confiture (16,09%) ; le butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) ou SIN320 dans une marque de chocolat, de margarine et de chips (1,67%). Globalement, les étiquettes des produits sont conformes à la réglementation Algérienne à l’exception de quelques manquements comme la nature de l’arôme qui ne fut pas toujours spécifiée Conclusion-L’étude a révélé une importante utilisation des additifs alimentaires. Le niveau de risque pour la santé du consommateur que pourraient présenter ces substances nécessite une large sensibilisation du consommateur, notamment une consommation modérée des denrées alimentaires industriellement préparées.

Birinci Dünya savaşı ile birlikte ortaya çıkan temel ihtiyaç maddelerinin karşılanması meselesi ve bu meselenin halli için yapılan çalışmalar neticesinde Osmanlı devleti İaşe Nezareti’ni kurdu. Nezaret yaklaşık beş ay kadar kısa bir süre faaliyet gösterdi. Bu süre zarfında üçü asil, üçü vekil olmak üzere beş nazır görev yaptı. Bu makalede kurulan İaşe Nezareti bütün yönleriyle incelenmeye çalışıldı. Nezaretin kuruluş sebepleri, kuruluşu, görev ve yetkileri, teşkilatlanması, nazırları ve lağvedilmesi hususları ele alındı. Çalışma arşiv belgeleri, gazeteler, süreli yayınlar, araştırma ve inceleme eserlerinden yararlanılarak hazırlandı.

The main aim of the EU food legislation is health protection of consumers. The key regulations, Regulation 1169/2011 on food information to consumers and regulation on nutrition and health claims are intended to ensure that consumers have sufficient information about the quality of the food product. That is why there is an effort by the EU to constantly improve food legislation in order to provide consumers with information in an acceptable and useful form. Currently the nutrient profiles and botanical health claims are in the focus of the EU Commission. However, this increases the requirements on food producers, in particular on the packaging of the product, which must fit even more information in a reasonably large font, and on the environment, as the amount of waste produced increases with increasing packaging area. The paper deals with the selected legal arrangements related to the health and nutrition claims on the food in EU food legislation in the context of judgments of the Court of Justice of the EU and point out the actual questions in relation to them.

Copyright of Épidémiologie et Santé Animale is the property of Association pour l'Etude de l'Epidemiologie des Maladies Animales (AEEMA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The consumer is looking for good food and better nutrition. He understood very well that food and health are closely linked. What is confirmed today is the feeling of a change in the apparent balance of knowledge and power in relation to food, which requires some adjustment on the part of producers. This article, based on a review of the scientific literature, aims to understand how the use of the Internet changes the relationship between producer and consumer, resulting from the increase in the number of consumers of the Internet. According to the analysis, the development of food trade on the Internet contributes to changing this relationship between producer and consumer. The consumer no longer assumes the role of passive partner, but becomes more "empowered" or enters into more equal relations with brands thanks to digital devices.

Based on a zooarchaeological corpus from five high-status sites located in the middle Loire valley, this paper aims to confirm or relativise the criterious traditionally used to identify food habits of elites in the end of "premier Moyen Âge". Thus, first analysed elements are proportions and slaughter patterns of domestic triad (cattle, pig and caprines) as well as the part played by poultry and wild species in the meat diet. Associated with these quantitative criteria are qualitative criteria concerning faunal diversity, the presence of rare species (peacock, bear, sturgeon) and, to a lesser extent, the part played by aquatic ressources (fishes and molluscs).

A bat survey in the Jean Massart Botanical Garden was carried out during the summer of 2019 by Plecotus, bat working group of the nature conservation NGO Natagora, with the use of manual and automatic recording techniques. It showed the presence of 10 species on the site, including the Brown Long-eared Bat, Plecotus auritus (L.), detected in several locations within the garden. Concurrently, an inventory of arthropods, conducted since 2013 on the site, detected the presence of numerous wings of Mormo maura (L.), a large moth, at the entrance of an old underground passage frequented by P. auritus. This observation suggests predation by P. auritus on this species of moth, which can thus be added to the diet of the bat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Algerian food has not been codified into one symbolic food for tourists. This article examines the production of Algerian food in diverse climates, the various ingredients featured in Algerian cuisine and the influence of different ancient civilizations -- notably Roman, Ottoman, Persian and Andalusian -- on cooking. Street food dishes, imported and relished by migrants, have their own particularities. Rural and urban foods are then compared and described for different classes. At various occasions, the types of food consumed and the order of its presentation carry special meaning. Food thus becomes an emblem of class and of ritual, a gift which must be returned, just like any gift, and which gives identity to the hosts and the guests. Medicinal advice for keeping delicate food for a long time is also studied. Algerian food is thus understood not as a series of ingredients, but rather as a cultural entity with an identity which must be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a field survey conducted in the Île-de-France region between 2014 and 2017, this article examines the limits of the government of bodies and behaviours around pregnancy, in the dual sense of the contours of this government and the tensions at work. The sanitarisation of pregnancies is approached from the point of view of the work on which it is based: the work of professionals, which consists of influencing and monitoring the behaviour of patients, and the work of pregnant women engaged in the domestic production of care. Pregnancy management is not an impartial application of biological or medical knowledge: it is about controlling women and orienting their behaviour according to a norm of 'good motherhood'. This norm articulates the institution of the foetus as a person and subject of care, the predominance of risk, and the injunction to maternal devotion. It is not merely a discourse but is anchored in the concrete organisation of healthcare and in the routine practices of care providers. Lifestyle modification appears to be the standard for evaluating maternal value. The individualisation of health responsibility conceals the weight of gender and class relations. The preservation of health appears to be a female prerogative, which perpetuates an unequal division of tasks and responsibilities within different-sex couples. Moreover, class determines the living and working conditions and the resources available, which have an effect on health, and which delimit what is possible or not in terms of changes of habits. Class also implies a situated understanding of health and of maternal responsibility.

Mountain regions are currently faced with a dual environmental and socioeconomic challenge. As markers of climate change, their transition is often examined from the tourism perspective (François et al., 2010). However, these regions are also places where people live and work, involving cross-cutting residential, productive, agricultural, energy-related and other strategies, which can provide leverage for their transition towards greater sustainability. Based on the empirical analysis of the 100% Valposchiavo initiative, implemented in the valley of the same name, this paper aims to contribute to reflections on potential food-related transition strategies for mountain regions. In this Italian-speaking valley located within the German-speaking Swiss Canton of Graubünden (Grisons), the 100% Valposchiavo initiative, aimed at promoting local organic production, has gradually become a regional project. Through the processes underlying the initiative, this example shows how food matters, not initially explicitly addressed in the agricultural project, and subsequently promoted through the branding of local product through the tourism sector, are ultimately emerging from the initiative, even though not all food-related challenges are addressed.

Mountain regions are currently faced with a dual environmental and socioeconomic challenge. As markers of climate change, their transition is often examined from the tourism perspective (François et al., 2010). However, these regions are also places where people live and work, involving cross-cutting residential, productive, agricultural, energy-related and other strategies, which can provide leverage for their transition towards greater sustainability. Based on the empirical analysis of the 100% Valposchiavo initiative, implemented in the valley of the same name, this paper aims to contribute to reflections on potential food-related transition strategies for mountain regions. In this Italian-speaking valley located within the German-speaking Swiss Canton of Graubünden (Grisons), the 100% Valposchiavo initiative, aimed at promoting local organic production, has gradually become a regional project. Through the processes underlying the initiative, this example shows how food matters, not initially explicitly addressed in the agricultural project, and subsequently promoted through the branding of local product through the tourism sector, are ultimately emerging from the initiative, even though not all food-related challenges are addressed.

Wolves’ return to France since 1992 highlights the contradictory injunctions and the overlooked theoretical and political ideas as regards the relationship between biodiversity and food that mountainous regions are faced with. Government and regulatory responses have not yet succeeded in overcoming the conflicts brought about by the presence of wolves in the day-to-day lives of those living in mountainous regions. How can we transition from a mere adaptation of national sectoral policies on a territorial scale to the development of an actual territorial approach to the conservation of biodiversity, while taking account of the experiences and needs of inhabitants and players, and the specific challenges faced by such territories as regards food? By conducting a survey on the role played by agropastoralism in the development of mountainous regions, and cross-examining biodiversity and food issues, our territorial approach hypothesis raises the question of a collective debate regarding the future of such regions. In this study, we explain the work carried out since 2019 in the context of a research-action-creation project in Belledonne – RECIBIOLDAL – which is based partly on a long-term survey attempting to understand the relations between biodiversity and food in terms of how the landscape has evolved since 1920, and partly on the creation of a narrative surrounding current farming and food practices, with a view to understanding relations between inhabitants, both human and non-human. Lastly, we will look into how the care afforded to these links and various relationships can contribute towards discussion surrounding a territorial approach to wolf and food management.

Throughout the 20th century, the development of the Vicdessos valley (department of Ariège, French Pyrenees) was oriented almost exclusively towards the aluminum industry, leading to the decline and then total disappearance of local cheese production. Once renowned, Auzat cheese, made from sheep and then cow's milk, was an important resource in the local economy until the middle of the 20th century. Based on documentary research, interviews and ethnographic observations, this article traces the social biography of this cheese since the middle of the 19th century. It analyzes the conditions of the decline of its production and the blurring of its memory. While, for the last twenty years, this post-industrial valley has turned towards the development of tourism, the article provides an understanding of the constraints that have prevented any renewal of cheese production until recently. Indeed, since the end of the 2010s, several initiatives have emerged, without the link with the valley's cheese-making past being cultivated for the moment. These initiatives show the new favorable conditions, but also the persistent obstacles, to the relocation of food circuits in this post-industrial rural territory.

Wolves’ return to France since 1992 highlights the contradictory injunctions and the overlooked theoretical and political ideas as regards the relationship between biodiversity and food that mountainous regions are faced with. Government and regulatory responses have not yet succeeded in overcoming the conflicts brought about by the presence of wolves in the day-to-day lives of those living in mountainous regions. How can we transition from a mere adaptation of national sectoral policies on a territorial scale to the development of an actual territorial approach to the conservation of biodiversity, while taking account of the experiences and needs of inhabitants and players, and the specific challenges faced by such territories as regards food? By conducting a survey on the role played by agropastoralism in the development of mountainous regions, and cross-examining biodiversity and food issues, our territorial approach hypothesis raises the question of a collective debate regarding the future of such regions. In this study, we explain the work carried out since 2019 in the context of a research-action-creation project in Belledonne – RECIBIOLDAL – which is based partly on a long-term survey attempting to understand the relations between biodiversity and food in terms of how the landscape has evolved since 1920, and partly on the creation of a narrative surrounding current farming and food practices, with a view to understanding relations between inhabitants, both human and non-human. Lastly, we will look into how the care afforded to these links and various relationships can contribute towards discussion surrounding a territorial approach to wolf and food management.

Throughout the 20th century, the development of the Vicdessos valley (department of Ariège, French Pyrenees) was oriented almost exclusively towards the aluminum industry, leading to the decline and then total disappearance of local cheese production. Once renowned, Auzat cheese, made from sheep and then cow's milk, was an important resource in the local economy until the middle of the 20th century. Based on documentary research, interviews and ethnographic observations, this article traces the social biography of this cheese since the middle of the 19th century. It analyzes the conditions of the decline of its production and the blurring of its memory. While, for the last twenty years, this post-industrial valley has turned towards the development of tourism, the article provides an understanding of the constraints that have prevented any renewal of cheese production until recently. Indeed, since the end of the 2010s, several initiatives have emerged, without the link with the valley's cheese-making past being cultivated for the moment. These initiatives show the new favorable conditions, but also the persistent obstacles, to the relocation of food circuits in this post-industrial rural territory.

Gardening and self-consumption practices face deep changes related to food transition in rural areas - the mountainous area Auvergne Rhône-Alpes region is no exception. Recent research about the role of gardens in daily consumption, mainly focuses on urban gardens. In this context, this paper aims to enlighten the role of gardens in food practices of the rural population living in intermediate areas of the mountain - the “mid-moutains”. It is based on research conducted as part of the Jardin’R project. We show that the garden is a gateway to individual and collective self-consumption practices in rural areas. Then we analyze the part these practices play in food policies conducted in our case studies. Finally, we show that reinvestment in self-consumption practices in rural mountains leads to their promotion as an element of the food heritage of these territories.