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This paper takes the traditional residential architecture culture of Qinghai section of the land Silk Road culture as the breakthrough point. A large number of historical materials and unearthed cultural relics show that Qinghai section is an important channel of the south line of the ancient Silk Road and an important part and key node of the silk road. However, in the long-term use of local residential buildings, due to the lack of reasonable protection, as the only physical carrier of research and construction technology, it is gradually disappearing around people. Based on the image data collection and cultural background search of the current situation and types of residential buildings along the Silk Road in Qinghai Province, the author summarizes, combs and researches the data of different types of buildings, focusing on the morphological characteristics of residential buildings in different regions and nationalities. Firstly, the author summarizes the natural and cultural environment along the line, and analyzes the distribution characteristics of residential buildings combined with the regional environment background; Secondly, according to the survey records, the paper combs the protection status of residential buildings and the influencing factors of residential buildings, aiming to put forward the thinking path for the later protection and inheritance of residential architectural culture; Finally, along the regional line, the paper explains the national ownership, material selection and architectural characteristics of the residential buildings in each natural area, and summarizes the influencing factors of the residential buildings in the three natural areas along the line, as well as the architectural characteristics of the main types of buildings, such as quadrangles, Zhuangkuo residential buildings, fence buildings, tents and yurts. The purpose of this paper is to supplement and improve the research results of the cultural system of traditional dwellings in Qinghai section of the silk road.