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Solid dispersion formation by Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a widely used formulation strategy to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Despite this, they are limited by various factors such as drug-excipient miscibility, poor stability, limited drug loading and extrudability of physical drug-excipient mixtures. In this work, polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000) was used as a plasticizer for the manufacture of ellagic acid solid dispersions (EASD) with high drug loading. Indeed, EA is a polyphenolic active compound with antimalarial and other promising therapeutic activities. However, its low solubility and low permeability limit its therapeutic use. Solid dispersions formation may overcome this challenge, but its high melting point negatively influences the extrudability of its binary physical mixtures with a high drug loading rate, hence the need to use a plasticizer. Thus, five formulations consisting of EA, Eudragit® EPO and PEG 8000 in the ratio of 15:75:10 (F1), 20:70:10 (F2), 25:65:10 (F3), 15:80:5 (F4) and 20:85:5 (F5) % w/w, respectively, have been extruded, four of which were successful. The extrudates were evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy and in vitro dissolution tests. Based on the results of these tests, the F5 formulation was identified as the most promising. Indeed, after 15 min of dissolution test, the dissolution rate of ellagic acid from the formulations was 62.67±3.10%, 58.74±7.23 %, 88.75±3.02% and 83.47±4.40% respectively for formulation F1, F2, F4 and F5. Moreover, the results of the FTIR spectroscopy analyses showed stronger interactions between the different constituents in the F4 and 5 formulations compared to the F1 and 2 formulations. Extruded materials of the F5 formulation, characterized by solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy and subjected to stability studies, showed good physical stability for twelve months under real-time stability study conditions and for six months under accelerated conditions.

L’administration et le ciblage contrôlés de médicaments représentent un défi passionnant pour améliorer l’efficacité thérapeutique et/ou prophylactique des molécules biologiquement actives tout en réduisant leurs effets secondaires. Ainsi, différents systèmes tels que les supports macromoléculaires solubles, les liposomes et les particules polymériques ont été intensivement décrits et testés cliniquement. Pour cette étude, le taxol@ (TX, paclitaxel) a été choisi comme médicament hôte modèle pour comparer son encapsulation dans des nanoparticules à base de poly- alkylcynamoacrylates (PACA) et de poly-alkylmethylidenemalonate (PAMM en particulier le PMM 2.1.2). Une trajectoire de dynamique moléculaire pour chaque espèce a été générée à 300 K et étendue sur 1000 ps par pas de 1 fs. Les conformères échantillonnés toutes les 10 ps ont ensuite été minimisés en énergie en utilisant d'abord la méthode MM2 d'Allinger et la méthode Newton-Raphson bloc-diagonal jusqu'à ce que le gradient obtenu soit inférieur à 0,01 kcal/mol. Nous avons aussi utilisé les méthodes AMI et PM3, COSMO ainsi que les calculs théoriques et enfin les méthodes semi-empiriques SCF-MO AMI et PM3, telles qu'elles sont mises en œuvre dans l'ensemble CS MOPAC trouvé dans CS Chem3DPro 7.0.0. Nous avons adopté une approche tout à fait différente par rapport à celle précédemment combinant la dynamique moléculaire et la mécanique semi-quantique (AMI, PM3 et PM3 COSMO). Les oligomères de PAMM ont tendance à adopter une forme en U, contrairement à ceux de PACA qui adoptent préférentiellement des conformations hélicoïdales avec une disposition radiale des chaînes latérales. Ce résultat a été confirmé par plusieurs publications qui rapportent que, pendant la polymérisation anionique du monomère MM 2.1.2, un processus important de cyclotrimérisation a lieu, produisant un mélange de 4 diastéréo-isomères racémiques de cyclohexanone, c'est-à-dire 2S,4R,6R et 2S,4S,6S, et leurs contreparties énantiomériques. Ces études donnent un aperçu de l'architecture et de la dynamique des nanoparticules. L'approche in silico utilisée ici permet de prédire que le Taxol serait piégé plus efficacement dans le PAAM que dans le PACA, ce qui est en accord avec les résultats expérimentaux.

Introduction : les liposomes sont des vecteurs ciblés de médicaments présentant aujourd’hui un grand intérêt pharmaceutique et thérapeutique et généralement administrés par voie parentérale. Cependant, leur fabrication industrielle ainsi que leur stérilisation demeurent un défi. Le dioxyde de carbone supercritique (CO2Sc) constitue aujourd’hui une méthode alternative de production des liposomes et présente également des propriétés stérilisantes. Le but de ce travail est de développer un procédé innovant de production et de stérilisation des liposomes en une seule étape en utilisant le ScCO2. Méthodologie : la capacité de 4 conditions ScCO2 à atteindre le niveau d’assurance de stérilité (SAL) de 10-6 exigé pour des liposomes a d’abord été évaluée en utilisant les spores de Bacillus Atropheus comme indicateur microbiologique de référence, en vue de sélectionner des conditions opératoires de procédé : C1 (70° C/150 bar/240 min), C1A (80° C/240 bar/30 min), C1B (80° C/150 bar/60 min), C1C (80° C/240 bar/60 min). Les conditions sélectionnées ont ensuite été utilisées pour la production de deux formulations de liposomes : F1 (HEPC/DC-CHOL/CHOL/DSPE-PEG2000 50,05/29,40/0,60/19,95 % m/m) et F2 (HSPC/CHOL/DSPE-PEG2000 65/30/5 % m/m). Les liposomes obtenus ont enfin fait l’objet d’une caractérisation physicochimique et microbiologique. Résultats : les résultats ont montré l’atteinte du SAL requis pour les liposomes avec les conditions C1, C1B et C1C, lesquelles ont été utilisées pour les essais de production/stérilisation des deux formulations. Concernant les liposomes résultants, les résultats ont montré l’atteinte du SAL requis avec les 2 formulations pour toutes les 3 conditions. Par ailleurs des liposomes de caractéristiques appropriées pour une administration parentérale (taille

L’impression 3D révolutionne nos processus de fabrication dans la plupart des domaines, y compris en sciences de la santé. Elle comporte différents avantages dont le coût, la réduction des déchets, l’économie d’énergie et l’ultra personnalisation. Dans le secteur médical, elle est d’application pour la fabrication de matériel, particulièrement intéressant pour les pays émergents ayant des capacités financières restreintes. On voit également son application pour la fabrication « d’organes » destinés à réparer et remplacer une fonction déficiente. Dans le domaine pharmaceutique, l’impression 3D de médicaments constitue également une avancée majeure qui nous rapproche encore plus d’une médecine adaptée au patient et nous appellent à repenser la façon dont les traitements sont administrés mais aussi la façon dont ils sont développés, produits et rendus accessibles aux patients. Il est en effet difficile d’imaginer que cette production puisse intervenir ailleurs qu’au sein même du parcours de soins (hôpital ou officine) et non plus en amont de façon industrielle comme c’est le cas aujourd’hui. Ceci nous oblige à repenser et à réinventer la chaine de valeur et le rôle des différents acteurs de cette chaine de valeur. Cette conférence fera le point sur la question en se focalisant sur les principaux cas d’usage pharmaceutique qui trouvent une solution via l’impression 3D ainsi que sur les aspects galéniques liés à la formulation et à la production par impression 3D.

Research Framework: During the first wave of COVID-19, practices in French maternity hospitals were heterogeneous, and restrictions mainly concerned the presence of accompanying persons and the requirement to wear a mask. Objectives : We analyzed the impacts of the pandemic on the organization of care in the MaNaO birthing center on the island of Reunion, as well as the experiences of midwives, women who gave birth and their families. Methodology: In 2021 and 2022, as part of the MaterCovid-19 research project (ANR), we carried out a study involving participatory observation and semi-structured interviews (n=34) with midwives and women at the birthing center, called MaNaO, on the island of Reunion. Results: Our results show that while the health crisis has reinforced the medicalization of birth center spaces, MaNaO has been described by women and midwives as a pandemic-proof place, or a “COVID-free bubble”. Thanks to the human and intimate nature of all the care provided, the philosophy and independent access to the facility, which guarantees that every woman is supported during her examinations and on the day of delivery, as well as the early return home that is characteristic of this facility, the birth center has succeeded in protecting women and their families from the psychological and sometimes dehumanizing shock of the health crisis. Conclusions : This research highlights the fact that the current demands from women and their families are not just about de-medicalization, but also about preserving the family nature of childbirth. It also points to the absolute necessity of reinforcing women’s emotional security.Contributions : At a time when birthing centers are being tested in France, the results of this research could contribute to the social and political debate.

Sediment that has deposited after the flood generated by the 2019 typhoon (referred to as Flood Sediment, FS) was collected along two rivers in eastern Fukushima Prefecture, Japan to determine the total and exchangeable radiocesium ($^{137}\mathrm{Cs}$), and acid-extractable potassium (K) contents. Then, these FS parameters were compared with those of decontaminated soils (DS) in nearby agricultural fields to discuss the potential transfer risk of $^{137}\mathrm{Cs}$ from rivers to nearby remediated soils. While FS had about four times higher total $^{137}\mathrm{Cs}$ content, it showed a three-times lower exchangeable $^{137}\mathrm{Cs}$ content than DS. Furthermore, acid-extractable K referred to as non-exchangeable K (Nex-K) content was high enough to restrict $^{137}\mathrm{Cs}$ transfer from soil to crops for both FS and DS. From these comparisons, we concluded that deposition of FS onto DS may not increase the transfer of $^{137}\mathrm{Cs}$ from soil to crops.

The Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011 generated a 3000 km$^{2}$ plume of soils heavily contaminated with $^{137}$Cs. Decontamination was completed early in 2019. Typhoon Hagibis was the first extreme event that occurred in the region after decontamination. Its impact on sediment sources and sediment $^{137}$Cs contamination was investigated through the application of a sediment fingerprinting procedure using spectrocolorimetry and geochemical properties. Sediment deposits ($n=24$) were collected in the Mano and Niida River catchments after the 2019 typhoons, and their signature was compared to that of potential sources (e.g., cropland, forests, and subsurface; $n=57$). Results demonstrate the dominance of cropland as the main source of sediment (mean: 54%) followed by forests (41%) with much lower contributions of subsurface material (5%). Overall, $^{137}$Cs concentrations in sediment were on average 84%–93% lower than the levels recorded after the accident in 2011, which demonstrates the effectiveness of cropland decontamination.

This article examines the recurrence in Francophone crime and/or fantastic TV dramas (mainly French and Franco-Belgian) of multifarious territorialities and mobile topographies. Focusing primarily on Les Revenants/The Returned (Canal+, 2012-2015) and Zone blanche/Black Spot (France 2, 2017), I consider a twofold, but paradoxical, impulse in the work of Francophone screenwriters and TV directors in the last few years. Inspired by the growing international popularity of Scandinavian serial aesthetics, Francophone televisual screenwriting has placed more emphasis upon extended temporalities, slow-pace narratives, and delayed plot resolutions. Narratives also reveal visible efforts to destabilize geographical inscriptions within easily recognizable spaces. On the one hand, these series systematically take place in communities that are either rural or, at the very least, strangely isolated. Space, however, is de-territorialized, defined by an assemblage of heterogeneous elements and varied geographical markers. On the other hand, somewhat paradoxically, the local ecological environment firmly takes the central stage in the aesthetic and narrative singularity of the series. The human and the natural worlds are intimately connected, while the plot draws from specific local historical and mythological references. Distinctions between the local, the regional, and the national are blurred. Most importantly, landscapes no longer function as a mere background spectacle or distinctive regional and national identity markers. They are, in contrast, reactivated and animated, with greater emphasis placed upon their atmospheric, ecological, and geological qualities. As a result, the worlds they reveal become sites/sights that, following Gilles Deleuze’s analysis in L’Image-Temps/Cinema 2: The Time-Image (1985), are poised between immobility and mobility, absence and presence, emptiness and plenitude, and, ultimately, life and death. This article, therefore, argues that the intertextuality at play across these two series achieves more than easy appropriations and transpositions of international genres; it calls into question the current status of Francophone television drama and its relationship to international productions.

This article aims to describe the contingent and painstaking character of the decolonization process and the complex conditions in which the empowerment of postcolonial elites took place, by going back to the period framing the independence of Mauritania, proclaimed in November 1960. This contribution looks to improve our knowledge of the tense atmosphere that prevails in this country, target of several attacks between 1956 and 1963, and subject to an imposing military mobilization along its borders with the Spanish Sahara and Algeria at war. The colonial, then Mauritanian authorities, has developed a speech aimed at fighting the Moroccan claims on the territory, while monitoring the allegiances of the Saharan populations and centrifugal political movements. The multi-scale analysis shows how the specificities of the Mauritanian entity and those of the colonial state in the Saharan zone interact with both the long-term regional dynamics of the West-Saharan region, and the global context of an era of reconfigurations that sees former colonies integrate international organizations.

The role of rodents in the regeneration of forest ecosystems. A review. Introduction. Seed dispersal is a key interaction influencing a number of ecological processes that are important to the maintenance of diversity in forest ecosystems. Rodents, mainly considered as seed predators, can carry, hide and discard seeds, often transporting them over considerable distances from the parent tree and thus leading to an enhanced germination rate. The role of rodents in forest regeneration therefore depends upon several environmental variables influencing their behavior. Literature. Many publications demonstrate that rodents are mostly seed predators for many species. Nevertheless, because it is hard to define their pattern of movement, the role of rodents in forest regeneration could be underestimated. Through scatter-hoarding, rodents may play a crucial role, particularly in those forests where anthropogenic pressures have led to a reduction in the density of large mammals. However, very few studies have been conducted in African moist forests where defaunation can be high, and the role of rodents has been very poorly studied. Conclusions. To understand the phenomenon, we recommend the further investigation of the interactions between seeds and rodents by employing methods that have been commonly used on other continents.

Le prix des bois intervient aussi bien comme élément de réflexion durant les martelages que lors de l’estimation d’un arbre ou d’une forêt. De nombreux organismes, des sites internet publient régulièrement des informations sur ces prix souvent sur pied. Il est important que les gestionnaires contribuent à alimenter ces bases de données à grande échelle, mais en parallèle, chaque gestionnaire peut aussi valoriser une information non agrégée qu’il saisit pour en faire par exemple une synthèse auprès de ses clients. Les valorisations proposées ont comme finalité d’attirer l’attention sur le potentiel de ces données. Les commentaires issus de leur analyse resteront sous la responsabilité de chaque gestionnaire car dépendant de la gestion pratiquée, des choix de commercialisation, du nombre d’informations disponibles. Un exemple de classeur Excel facilitant l’organisation des données et un document dynamique sous R automatisant la publication annuelle des résultats peuvent être mis à disposition par les auteurs.

INTRODUCTION: the shortage and maldistribution of health care workers in sub-Saharan Africa is a major concern for rural health facilities. Rural areas have 63% of sub-Saharan Africa population but only 37% of its doctors. Although attrition of health care workers is implicated in the human resources for health crisis in the rural settings, few studies report attrition rates and risk factors for attrition in rural district hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: we assessed attrition of health care workers at a Kirehe District Hospital in rural Rwanda. We included all hospital staff employed as of January 1, 2013 in this retrospective cohort study. We report the proportion of staff that left during 2013, and used logistic regression to assess individual characteristics associated with attrition.

Throughout the investigation of a conflict emerging from definitive closure of a wildlife park, the present study focus on local territorial mediations and their capacity to transform forest into city equipment. This study is based on fields and participant observations, territorial forest charters, quantitative surveys, qualitative interviews as well as local press articles. The wildlife park has been analysed in its spatial context, including one of the most human-made environment estuary in Europe as well as a metropolis suffering from its industrial past. The history of the wildlife park will then be traced to emphasise this conflicting situation. To solve this situation, a committee made up of regular park’s visitors has been created. The committee has succeeded in bringing people together, making this conflicting situation the focus of media attention and have finally helped the park to be considered as a political priority. The local elected officials have taken on this opportunity to lead a forest policy, now making the forest a metropolis’ equipment service.

Understanding heat and mass transfers in porous materials is crucial in many areas of scientific research. Mathematical models have constantly evolved, their differences lying mainly in the choice of the driving potentials used to describe moisture flows, as well as in the complexity of characterizing the physical phenomena involved. Models developed in the field of Building Physics (HAM models) are used to describe the behavior of envelope parts and assess their impact on user comfort and energy performance. The water balance equation can be described in many ways; it is a function of the boundary conditions considered and the fact they induce high or low water content in the porous materials used. This paper gives an overview of various formulations for this equation that are found in the Building Physics literature. It focuses first on the physically based formulation of moisture balance, drawing on the Representative Elementary Volume (REV) concept, coupled with thermodynamic flow rates description. This is then reformulated in line with various main moisture state variables offering a wide variety of expressions that are compared with available models. This approach provides access to all secondary transport coefficients associated with the process of mathematical transformation. Particular emphasis is placed on the moisture storage function choice and its impact on the final mathematical formulations.

Recreational shellfish gathering is a traditional and popular activity that has been little studied by the social sciences. Yet it has drawn increasing attention as an environmental and public health concern. This article shows how mussel gathering in the outer zone of the Seine estuary came to be seen as a public health risk by government authorities and how this risk was ignored or discredited by the gatherers themselves. The body of data includes 389 questionnaire responses as well as data from interviews, field observation and the logbooks of those concerned.The work of authorities who constructed shellfish gathering as a public health risk was first identified. Then we examined the measures for prevention and monitoring that were taken and observed differences in how the estuary territory is managed, therefore constructing different indifferences or deviations.Although some sites are policed, the most attractive shellfish gathering sites are not controlled and remain, despite their prohibited status, among the most highly frequented. What are the rationales for actions of the populations most “exposed” to risk ? To understand the practices of all concerned, it is important to account for the divergent interests that are manifested within this territory.

The 12th International rapeseed Congress was held in Wuhan, China (march 2007). Four years after the previous congress organized in Copenhagen, this conference has definitively confirmed the general interest for using rapeseed as raw material for biofuel. It has been a favoured place for making a well-documented point about the possible valorizations of the rapeseed products in food, feed, and non food areas. Last developments in agronomy, crop protection, breeding and biotechnology have been also presented and discussed.

Oilseed chain professionals are coordinated through a food safety survey plan, in order to have a realistic picture of contaminations in oilseed products. Pesticide residues are found in seeds and crude oils: they are mainly organophosphate insecticides (pirimiphos-methyl, dichlorvos, malathion) used for empty storage premises treatment and for stored cereal grains treatment. Even if studies showed that pests can be found in stored oilseeds, French regulation does not authorize these insecticides on stored oilseeds, which have however an affinity for liposoluble chemicals and can pick these up from storage environment. This uptake of insecticide residues by oilseeds from their storage environment can lead to levels that can exceed regulatory limits. Works are in progress in order to improve and standardize analytical methods for pesticide residues in oilseeds and oils.

Nitrogen is a key factor in the sustainable competitiveness of oilseed rape crop and production systems, at the crossroads of economic and environmental stakes. The different research areas to meet these issues are examined, as well as their complementarities.

The main result of increased production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil in the next ten years will be an important availability of rapeseed meal on the market. Its utilization in quite good economical conditions probably requires to look for gains of quality. This decision lead to either genetic, either technological works. In any case, the chosen way will be expensive; so it is important to well know the bottlenecks which are really limiting utilization of rapeseed meal in animal feeding before taking the final decision. If ruminants don’t raise significant problems, it’s not the same with poultry and pigs. In this case, rapeseed meal with very low glucosinolate content and low fiber and lignin content could bring progress for increasing the levels of meals in feedstuffs. Yellow-seeded rapeseed could be a solution. Whatever the choosen way, the gains of quality and the resulting added value have to be compared to the research costs or technological investments. In grain legumes area, FEVITA® is a good example for demonstrating the added value brought to fababean by reducing three antinutritional factors (tannins, vicine and convicine) through genetical pathway.

The part of rapeseed and sunflower in total french consumption of meals has strongly increased during these twenty last years. Financial support for extensive research work on rapeseed and sunflower meal coming mainly from farmers organizations and french government allowed many animal trials in experimental stations and in feedstuffs companies, leading to a better knowledge of these meals in comparison of soyabean meal. The composition and nutritional parameters are now well known but these meals are not yet sufficiently used. Progress in using these protein sources will be possible by an increased knowledge of raw materials available on the market, by taking in account additional parameters for formulating feedstuffs and finally by further gains of quality in oilseeds

Oil and meal from rapeseed, sunflower and soya are classically used in food and feed and in non-food at a less extent. A particular case has to be underlined for soya, the protein fraction of which can be used in food as protein concentrates or protein isolates. In all these cases, oilseeds are processed by classical methods applied for many years without marked evolutions. Nevertheless, some trends are being observed in response to specific nutritional demands emerging from consumers with food safety concerns. New ways for valorization of oilseed end-products are being identified and their development is close conditioned by modification of classical processes or defining and setting of new flowsheets. Some significant projects are described in this paper.

Supranational regionalisation – as initiated on the rubble of the Cold War – increases the complexity and multiplicity of a border’s functions. Novel institutional and functional developments structure border areas, making their analysis complicated. This paper aims to analyse this situation in terms of the structuring of border areas. It postulates that supranational regionalisation, such as the European integration process, contributes to the emergence of regionalisation processes at an infranational and transnational level. This paper presents a theoretical framework for a qualitative analysis, allowing cross-border cooperation to be read from the angle of the construction of a region. A “region” is considered a spatio-temporal structure resulting from the evolution of society. This conceptualisation raises the question to what extent actual cross-border cooperation goes beyond the initial intentions of institutional actors to create a progressive autonomy. Two factors contribute to this process: the institutionalisation of the border area as an autonomous entity stimulating the development of the region under construction; the territorialisation of cooperation, i.e. the projection of a common strategy followed by an appropriation of the area.

Cet article analyse les antagonismes entre les stratégies de développement de l’estuaire de Seine et les attentes des usagers locaux en termes de cadre de vie. L’étude se centrera plus particulièrement sur l’exemple de la ville du Havre. À partir d’enquêtes par questionnaires et d’analyse de documents produits par les acteurs, cet article montre dans quelle mesure la tentative de concilier les différentes figures de la ville tient davantage du discours. Il y a certes une tentative d’innovation dans la gestion du territoire, au sein de laquelle les décideurs cherchent à concilier un patrimoine industriel avec un patrimoine touristico-sportif. Mais la politique en matière d’écologie de cette ville industrielle se limite à des mesures compensatoires sans changement des modalités de production ou de gouvernance. À l’échelle du fleuve, le port autonome compense l’industrialisation des berges par des mesures compensatoires qui enclavent les zones de naturalité. Côté mer, la ville balnéaire s’oppose à la zone portuaire. Les locaux revendiquent désormais le droit de définir leur cadre de vie et de décider de l’avenir de leur territoire. Et ce d’autant plus que, dans cet estuaire en reconversion, les havrais supportent une multitude de risques, mais profitent de moins en moins des bénéfices. L’opposition se cristallise autour de choix de développement, orientés vers l’industrie ou tournés vers l’économie de service. L’aménagement des estuaires est un enjeu national majeur de développement et de visibilité internationale. Mais les contraintes supportées à l’échelle locale rendent difficilement acceptables l’équipement et la confiscation des sites à des fins exclusivement économiques.

This article explores the socio-natural reality of the Seine river estuary that has been constructed by the practice of water sports. We were particularly interested in the mediations produced by these practices. How do territorial mediations and aesthetic constructions provide access to or serve as a screen for an awareness of the estuary environment? The article shows a fragmented estuary, very unevenly visited, and proposes a typology of the principal forms of sport. The ocean, the urban Seine and the Seine around the islands have three distinct relationships with the turbid waters of the river: what are they? The heterogeneity of usages and perceptions can be explained by the multiscalar management of the estuary space and by the horizons of expectation for the various sports practices. Understanding what the public does in nature thus provides insight into perceptions about the environment and suggests new questions about the management of ecosystems, whether this concerns measures of compensation, protection or recovery.

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer et de questionner la territorialisation de la Côte d’Albâtre à partir des expériences corporelles qui s’y déploient. Ce littoral, à première vue peu propice au développement des loisirs, sert pourtant de «terrain de jeu» à quelques pratiquants d’activités de nature. Nous cherchons à mieux comprendre dans quelle mesure les activités de nature participent de la production d’usages et d’images constitutifs de médiation(s) territoriale(s) et d’identité maritime spécifique à la Haute-Normandie et dans le même temps distincte de celle des non pratiquants.

Gli ultimi due decenni hanno visto nascere una disciplina nuova: l'accoglienza e il sostegno psicologico delle persone che vivono esperienze eccezionali. Avere l'impressione di vivere in una casa abitata, testimoniare l’apparizione di OVNI, interrogarsi sulle possibilità di influenze telepatiche o anche conservare per sé la sensazione irreale di uscire “fuori dal corpo”, sono alcuni esempi di ciò che provano queste persone. L'eterogeneità di queste testimonianze le classifica spesso nella categoria delle "esperienze vissute come paranormali". Se tali resoconti sono sempre pervenuti agli esperti, si deve ai recenti lavori di ripristino dell'ascolto di queste persone.