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Economics is characterized by a knowledge gap—a discontinuity between everyday and scientific understandings. An extensive empirical literature proves the so-called economic ignorance of the public. This has contributed to a disdain for the public among economists and provided an argument for more influence of experts. At the same time, many citizens have grown skeptical of scientific expertise, and economic expertise in particular. We question the supposed economic illiteracy of the public by pointing out serious methodological issues with the empirical literature on the economic knowledge of laypeople. Rather than seeking to meet laypeople on their own terms and in their own language, it instead tests their knowledge of (expert) concepts in academic language. More broadly, this literature assumes there is one body of economic knowledge to which some have access and others do not. We argue that economic knowledge is better understood as the multiple heterogeneous bodies of knowledge associated with different communities of practitioners. We argue that economics as a discipline should seek convergence between these bodies of knowledge through translation efforts. We demonstrate that Philip Wicksteed and Elinor Ostrom made efforts to further this convergence and suggest further constructive steps following methodological work in sociology and surveys of public understanding of economics based on interpretivist approaches. We argue that an economics which recognizes these multiple bodies of knowledge, and which aims at convergence, has the potential to improve economics education, foster mutual understanding between economists and the public, and remedy some of the mutual distrust between them.

Rescue excavation from Pecica-Duvenbeck from the year 2018 unearthed 582 complexes related to various periods, among them two groups of graves datable in the 7/8‒9th centuries. In a grave, complex no. 20A, there has been identified a pot, which has under the throat an incised cross sign. The skeleton, partially disturbed at the time of its robbery, seems to have been a woman adultus/maturus, with an estimated age of over 30 years. Besides presenting this interesting discovery, we also proposed a debate on the problem of the radiocarbon dating of the grave, because the same samples of the skeleton were analysed in two laboratories getting antagonistic results. However, in the light of typo chronology and the results of the other 8 samples from other graves in this funerary site, we can conclude that the grave can be dated at the end of the 7th and the first half of the 8th century. Out of the ceramic pot of the grave from Pecica, in only two cases we have been able to document cross-shaped marks on the wall of vessels in the Avar funerary environment (7–8th centuries); even cross-shaped marks were found in such non-Christian funerary contexts. Therefore, we think that the cross-shaped mark on the Pecica pot – in an environment dominated by a cultural habitus entirely different from the Christian world – was not a Christian symbol, but an interpretation as an apotropaic, i.e. as a symbol adopted and transformed according to the pagan mentalities of the 8th century, is a more plausible explanation.

La durée de la saison de végétation est importante à considérer puisqu’elle va directement impacter l’absorption photosynthétique saisonnière qui va conditionner la croissance des arbres. Cette étude avait pour objectifs de proposer une échelle de notation visuelle pour les processus de débourrement et d’entrée en dormance chez l’aulne glutineux et de déterminer l’effet de l’association de l’aulne avec le peuplier hybride, entre eux et avec des cultures herbacées, sur la durée de la saison de végétation des espèces ligneuses, comparativement à leurs monocultures respectives. Bien que la durée de la saison de végétation n’était pas significativement différente entre les arbres en mélange et leurs monocultures respectives, les aulnes agroforestiers ont eu tendance à débourrer plus tard et à entrer en dormance plus tôt, tandis que le contraire a été observé pour les peupliers agroforestiers. Messages clés • Le mélange d’espèces n’a pas eu d’influence sur la phénologie du bourgeon de l’Aulne et du Peuplier. • Les Aulnes agroforestiers ont eu tendance à débourrer plus tard et à entrer en dormance plus tôt par rapport à leur monoculture. • Les Peupliers agroforestiers ont eu tendance à débourrer plus tôt et à entrer en dormance plus tard par rapport à leur monoculture.

This paper situates the work of the first Dutch female economist Elizabeth (Lizzy) van Dorp on the women’s question within her broader economic and social views and it details her struggles to obtain a respected position within the economics profession in the first decades of the twentieth century. Van Dorp was one of the first female PhD’s in the Netherlands, she graduated in law in 1903. From 1920 onwards she worked as an economist and corresponded with the major economists of her age such as Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Edwin Cannan, John Maynard Keynes, and Frank Knight. During the first decade of her professional career, she campaigned for the right to vote for women and published on the right of (married) women to work. Van Dorp was a classical liberal, in line with the then dominant Austrian approach to economics, but despite these convictions she opposed the right for married women to work. We analyze this tension in her work by situating her early work in the feminism of the age, including her falling out with the more radical feminist Aletta Jacobs. We demonstrate that despite the Austrian policy views on monetary and trade matters, Van Dorp’s work is marked by her Christian, more precisely Remonstrant, ideals and the upper bourgeois milieu in which she grew up. We argue that her religious ideals and personal outlook made her prioritize personal freedom and ethical development in the private sphere over political and economic rights in the public sphere.

Wood, as a renewable material, can be used for indoor and outdoor products. Meranti and Bangkirai as commercial woods, are used outdoors. The wood used outdoors will experience wood cell damage and discoloration on the surface. The research aims to determine the pattern of damage and discoloration of wood vessel cells in Meranti and Bangkirai wood due to weather exposure for 5 months in Samarinda. The wood cell damage was observed microscopically, and changes in wood vessel cells colour were observed using the CIE lab method on parameters L*, a*, b*, and ΔE. The study’s results showed that after being exposed to the weather for 2 months, the vessel cells of Meranti and Bangkirai wood began to experience degradation. In Meranti wood, the vessel cells were completely degraded and left cracks after 4 months, while in Bangkirai wood, it was 5 months. After being exposed to the weather for 5 months, Meranti wood vessel cells experienced changes in the parameters ΔL -10.65, Δa -14.68, Δb -12.89, and ΔE 22.25. While Bangkirai, ΔL -7.01, Δa -12.84, Δb 15.95 and ΔE 21.64.

Outcome-based Education (OBE) is one of the teaching approaches that influences the learning process starting from curriculum design, learning outcomes, learning methods, and forms of evaluation of learning. Implementation of the OBE curriculum will not run without a student learning outcome assessment system. Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji has implemented the OBE education system in 2024 in the Informatics Engineering study program. However, it does not yet have an information system for assessing Graduate Learning Outcomes and Course Learning Outcomes, so the assessment system is still carried out manually. This study aims to build an OBE curriculum Assessment Information System that can be accessed via the website based on performance indicators and assessment rubrics. Thus, it makes it easier for system users to assess student learning outcomes in the OBE curriculum. The UI/UX design of the OBE curriculum assessment information system refers to the OBE manual guidebook. The results of this study are in the form of a website-based information system design developed using the Prototype method. The framework used is MVC from Laravel which can make the process of creating a website more structured and organized so that it is easier to complete work faster. Then, this system uses API authentication tokens for website security. The testing method used in the prototype design uses the User Acceptance Test (UAT) by involving the UMRAH Informatics Engineering Lecturer Discussion Forum Group as users of the information system. The results of UAT test stated that the system design created can help solve problems in designing an OBE assessment information system because all users contributed to the development of the OBE assessment system so that the design of this system can be well received by users of the information system.

The Catalysis Hub – Swiss CAT+ is a new infrastructure project funded by ETH-domain, co-headed by EPFL and ETHZ. It offers the scientific community a unique integrated technology platform combining automated and high-throughput experimentation with advanced computational data analysis to accelerate the discoveries in the field of sustainable catalytic technologies. Divided into two hubs of expertise, homogeneous catalysis at EPFL and heterogeneous catalysis at ETHZ, the platform is open to academic and private research groups. Following a multi-year investment plan, both hubs have acquired and developed several high-end robotic platforms devoted to the synthesis, characterization, and testing of large numbers of molecular and solid catalysts. The hardware is associated with a fully digitalized experimental workflow and a specific data management strategy to support closed-loop experimentation and advanced computational data analysis.

El presente artículo se propone analizar cómo en la novela Las orillas del aire (2017) de Karina Pacheco Medrano el efecto fantástico se pone en marcha a través del espacio que, con este fin, se aprovecha de dos formas. Primero ilustraremos cómo la descripción meticulosa de los dos espacios principales de la novela, la sierra andina y la selva, crea un contexto verosímil que refuerza el choque con la enigmática desaparición de la heroína, de modo que el lector experimenta dicho suceso como problemático. Segundo, demostraremos hasta qué punto la interpenetración que se perfila entre los dos ámbitos citados también induce operaciones discursivas, por lo que se conecta con el concepto de «fantástico de espacio». Más específicamente, la fusión entre sierra y selva transgrede unas fronteras físicas al mismo tiempo que condiciona un desdoblamiento del personaje central, que, a su vez, termina afectando a la propia narración. Al ser invocada por la narradora en una atmósfera etérea trascendente, la protagonista sorprendentemente cobra una vida nueva, lo que no solo subraya la dimensión fantástica de la novela, sino que resalta cómo esta se alimenta del estrecho vínculo entre espacio y enunciación.

La mise en place du quart de réserve des forêts à partir de l’Ordonnance de 1669 a permis la production d’arbres aux dimensions majestueuses dans toutes les forêts de France. Dans le département des Vosges, le quart de réserve de la commune de Saint-Ouen-lès-Parey a connu l’existence de cinq chênes majestueux, dont un seul subsiste aujourd’hui. Cette synthèse bibliographique a pour objectif de proposer une description dendrométrique et historique de ces chênes plusieurs fois centenaires.

The Riau Islands (Kepri) province of Indonesia boasts an expansive ocean, covering 96% of its territory and fostering a rich heritage of knowledge and maritime culture among its citizens. Traditional fishing communities on Riau Island have thrived for generations, drawing on ancestral wisdom and local expertise. However, the swift rise of digitalization and modernization has triggered a transformative shift in their learning methods and adaptation strategies. This study focuses on: identifying methods of knowledge acquisition, investigating adaptive strategies, unveiling challenges, and exploring knowledge preservation techniques. Through in-depth interviews with more than two decades of experienced fishermen, qualitative data was gathered and meticulously analyzed using NVivo 12 software. The result found that traditional fishermen employ diverse strategies, integrating technology, continuous learning, and data-driven decision-making. They face challenges like limited internet access, cultural traditions, and safety concerns. Yet they preserve wisdom through oral traditions, apprenticeships, and modern tools, ensuring a vibrant fishing legacy. Their resilience highlights the urgent need for digital adaptation and intergenerational dialogue to shape sustainable and innovative fishing communities. Hence, this study recommend to develop sustainable training initiatives, establish community platforms, formulate policies to enhance digital accessibility, and encourage meaningful conversations across generations within traditional fishing communities.

Esta investigación muestra la aplicación de una propuesta metodológica (Ruta UX para comunicadores) que persigue potenciar la creación o gestión de un proyecto de comunicación digital en profesionales de la comunicación, tomando como base la metodología UX. La metodología aplicada está enmarcada en un enfoque pedagógico de tipo aprendizaje experiencial dirigido, siguiendo fases propias de la metodología UX: testear, empatizar, investigar, diseñar y prototipar. Los estudiantes lograron desarrollar habilidades para aplicar técnicas e instrumentos de investigación y analizar los datos resultantes, lo cual les permitió definir los lineamientos básicos de organización y jerarquización del contenido, para finalmente hacer entrega de los insumos necesarios para el desarrollo de las futuras etapas del proyecto. En conclusión, esta metodología permitió a los estudiantes desarrollar competencias necesarias para liderar o formar parte de los equipos multidisciplinarios encargados del diseño y desarrollo de proyectos digitales sobre la base de la experiencia de usuario (UX).

L'area montana vive un periodo di nuovo dinamismo in cui le relazioni con l'ambiente urbano hanno un ruolo importante in termini di ridisegno culturale dei valori, connessioni fisiche e funzionali con le aree locali e creazione di reti urbano-montane. Si assiste oggi ad un sistema montano caratterizzato da sperimentazione ed eccellenza, ma anche da prospettive di rottura e spopolamento, in cui la città e la montagna non sono più semplicemente i confini di un rapporto entre-deux per dirla con Bourdeau.L’articolo prende in considerazione l'attuale assetto delle Città metropolitane, le neonate istituzioni aventi un livello intermedio nella governance locale, istituite ufficialmente nel 2014, in seguito all'approvazione della legge n. 56 "Disposizioni sulle città metropolitane, sulle province, sulle unioni e fusioni di comuni" (disposizioni concernenti città metropolitane, province e unioni/fusioni tra comuni). Le Città Metropolitane sono definite come entità locali su vasta scala e spesso governano territori urbani e montani.Nell’articolo sono state dunque indagate una serie di situazioni in cui vengono adottate forme di pianificazione strategica per la sistematizzazione delle relazioni città-montagna, così come previsto negli Statuti delle Città metropolitane. L’analisi è stata articolata su due livelli, attraverso alcuni casi studio significativi: il primo livello si è concentrato su tre casi significativi, all’interno dei quali è stata messa in valore la relazione città-montagna attraverso la costruzione di azioni integrate: 1) il Piano Strategico della città e del territorio di Cuneo 2020 (piano strategico 2020 per la città e l'area di Cuneo); 2) il Piano Strategico territoriale della Provincia di Belluno (piano strategico per l'area di Belluno); e 3) il Piano Strategico Metropolitano di Bologna 2020 (piano strategico 2020 per la città metropolitana di Bologna). Al secondo livello sono state analizzate altre iniziative, espressione di una governance locale montana che entra in relazione in maniera esplicita con l’area urbana, puntando a costruire una visione integrata. I casi significativi analizzati sono: il Piano Strategico per Aosta e la sua montagna a cura della Regione Valle d'Aosta e l'esperienza del Piano Strategico dei Comuni dell'Alto Canavese (Piano Strategico per i Comuni dell'Alto Canavese Alpino, all'interno del Città Metropolitana di Torino).L’analisi ha permesso così l’identificazione di alcune questioni-chiave del rapporto città-montagna: la costruzione di mutual benefit tra città e montagna; la definizione di una visione policentrica del territorio urbano-montano; l’interterritorialità come dispositivo per costruire un’identità metro-montana.

The mountain areas live a period of new dynamism, in which the connection with the urban context has an important role in terms of cultural redesign of values, physical and functional connections with the local areas and creation of urban-mountain interactions. The article focuses on Italian mountain system, comprising experimentation and excellence, but even rupture and depopulation perspectives, in which the city and mountain are no longer simply the borders of an entre-deux (“between two”, Bourdeau 2015) relationship.The article taking into consideration the current direction of Metropolitan Cities, the newborn institutions established as an intermediate level in local governance. The new Metropolitan Cities were officially born in 2014, following the approval of Law n° 56 “Disposizioni sulle città metropolitane, sulle province, sulle unioni e fusioni di comuni” (Provisions concerning metropolitan cities, provinces, and unions/fusions between townships). Metropolitan Cities are defined as wide-scale local entities and they are institutional body with task of planning and local development government, in many cases regarding urban and mountain territories.The article proposes a wide range of situations in which forms of strategic planning for the systemization of city-mountain relationships has been adopted. At first level, it has been considered Strategic plans that give formal indication about the exchange between urban and mountain areas. Three significant cases: the Piano Strategico della città e del territorio di Cuneo 2020 (2020 Strategic plan for the city of Cuneo and its surroundings mountain areas); the Piano Strategico territoriale della Provincia di Belluno (Strategic plan for the mountain-urban area of Belluno); and the Piano Strategico Metropolitano di Bologna 2020 (2020 Strategic plan for the metropolitan city of Bologna and its surroundings mountain area ).At second level the analysis regards the initiatives carried out by the Aosta Valley region (the Strategic Plan for Aosta) and the experience of the “Piano Strategico dei Comuni dell’Alto Canavese” (Strategic Plan for the townships in the Alpine upper Canavese area, within the Metropolitan City of Turin). Wide areas in which the actors have experimented a strategic planning in order to create strong interactions between urban and mountain context through a process of local governance.The results of the analysis permit to highlight some issues: the definition of mutual benefit between city and mountain context; the construction of a strategic polycentric vision inside the urban-mountain territories; concerns inter-territoriality as a tool to build metropolitan identity.

Although fantastic narrative and humor increasingly go together –both arise from an incongruity that affects objective reality and pragmatics, respectively–, this combination is not always unambiguous. More specifically, the humorous effect depends on the modality in which the fantastic takes place: in ‘the fantastic of perception’, humor is only a consequence of the clash between the uncanny and everyday life, while in ‘the fantastic of language’ it is incorporated into the enunciation and causes the very fantastic effect. Both modalities are illustrated in some relevant short stories of Julio Ramón Ribeyro. The first occurs in Doblaje, La insigniaand La botella de chicha, where the hero’s confrontation with a disquieting event leads to mere situational humor. The second is realized by a defective narration in Escena de cazaand El carrusel, or by a suggestive focalization in Sobre las olasand Scorpio, which kindle an absurd humor that triggers the fantastic.

This study was aimed to obtain information on pet owners understanding towards animal health control in the City of Banda Aceh. The survey was conducted by interview pet owners those visited Veterinary clinics in the City of Banda Aceh. A number of 51 pet owners were included as respondent in this study. The interview was conducted using a structure questionnaire, which contained both open and closed questions. The pet owners were interviewed for the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward animal health control. Data obtained in this study were analysed descriptively, continued with chi-square test. The results showed that most of the owners interviewed in three animal clinics in the City of Banda Aceh were keeping cats as their pet animals (98.04%), and a few proportion of them were the owner of dogs. At proportion of 60.78% of the pet owners were women, and men only 39.22%. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant association (p

En la literatura latinoamericana contemporánea tanto los objetos tecno-científicos como los otros elementos temáticos cuya presencia es típica de lo fantástico se vinculan cada vez más a unos experimentos con la enunciación narrativa. Así llegan a convivir un ‘fantástico de percepción’ y un ‘fantástico de lenguaje’, dos modalidades que se elaboran en la colección de cuentos Control Terrestre (2013) del autor peruano José Güich Rodríguez. Concretamente, algunos relatos ponen en marcha la vacilación aprovechando la presencia de una maquinaria futurística, mientras otros se valen de la materialidad del texto, alternando o conectando la elaboración del tema mencionado con unos artificios propiamente estructurales como los juegos con el tiempo de la narración, la metaficción y diversas referencias intertextuales. Finalmente, ambas estrategias actúan de conjunto al constituir un discurso que cuestiona la realidad socioeconómica latinoamericana denunciando la deshumanización y sugiriendo la existencia de unos mundos paralelos.

Em dia 15 de outubro de 2017, em sua alocução ao Angelus, o Papa Francisco comunicou-nos a decisão de convocar uma Assembleia especial do Sínodo dos Bispos para a região panamazônica, a celebrar-se no Vaticano, em outubro de 2019 (...)

La plantation forestière est un outil important pour l’adaptation des forêts aux changements globaux. Les échecs parfois récurrents dans certains contextes, les coûts associés à la plantation, la pénibilité du travail pour les ouvriers forestiers ainsi que les impacts environnementaux parfois négatifs sont autant de facteurs qui freinent le recours à la plantation et peuvent ainsi limiter la capacité d’adaptation des forêts. Un ensemble de travaux ont été menés pour répondre aux besoins en innovation technique sur les méthodes de plantation exprimés par les praticiens. Ces travaux portent sur le processus d’innovation en sylviculture et sur l’amélioration technique des méthodes de plantation. L’analyse du processus d’innovation indique une faiblesse des réseaux sociotechniques associée à un mauvais partage des connaissances entre acteurs, et une réticence à l’investissement dans du nouveau matériel, dans un contexte économique perçu comme incertain. Ces observations suggèrent qu’un des leviers possibles serait une meilleure mise en réseau des acteurs, à travers différents liens fonctionnels: partage d’information, échanges de services, construction de partenariats économiques. Des exemples de méthodes innovantes pour réaliser chacune des différentes étapes de l’itinéraire de plantation (préparation du site, plantation, entretiens), répondant aux besoins d’innovation technique exprimés par les praticiens, sont ensuite présentés.

Même si la surface de la forêt française a progressé de 60% en un siècle, la plaçant à la quatrième place au rang européen, que sa récolte a dans le même temps doublé, la balance commerciale du bois et des produits dérivés est la seconde déficitaire au niveau national. Cette forêt est également confrontée à d’importants changements : climatiques, pouvant faire varier sa composition et son étendue spatiale ; sociétaux, avec de moins en moins de main-d’oeuvre en forêt simultanément à une prise de conscience des nombreux services écosystémiques rendus par ces espaces naturels ; mais surtout mondiaux avec la diminution des ressources fossiles, qui peuvent être pour partie remplacées par ce matériau polyvalent qu’est le bois. Le bois est effectivement une ressource renouvelable qui peut répondre à différents besoins de nos sociétés (construction, meubles, emballage, papier, chimie, matériaux composites, énergie), avec une utilisation des produits en cascade, jusqu’à un recyclage final ou une valorisation énergétique, assurant une production de matière et d’énergie à faible niveau de dioxyde carbone, particulièrement efficace. Pour relever ce défi conjoint de demandes plus fortes et plus différenciées sur la ressource, et de menaces importantes sur son évolution, quels sont les leviers à la disposition des gestionnaires de la forêt publique ? Cet article présente quelques pistes d’innovations à l’interface entre recherche et gestion, qui explorent des solutions différentiées mais ciblées sur des attentes des gestionnaires. La diversité des exemples en exploitation, renouvellement des peuplements, sylviculture et suivi de la fertilité des sols, souligne la richesse des innovations potentielles et le besoin de les mêler pour répondre aux attentes de la société. La forêt publique est façonnée par l’homme depuis des siècles, permettons-lui ensemble de s’adapter, et de nous aider à relever le défi d’une société plus sobre, valorisant les matériaux renouvelables, tout en continuant à assurer les multiples services écosystémiques.

Peat is an organic soil, highly compressible and has high water content. The soil needs to be stabilized chemically by incorporating binders such as cement and lime into the soil that will change the properties and soil strength. However, stabilization using cement solely is not recommended since the organic acid in peat soil could delay cement hydration process. Furthermore, mass stabilization using pozzolanic material also could improve strength development of peat soil. In this research, the pozzolanic material in the form of geopolymer hybrid or geopolymer with the addition of Ordinary Portland Cement was investigated. Geopolymer was produced by activating fly ash with a combination of NaOH and sodium silicate. OPC addition improves initial strength and assists geopolymerization at ambient temperature. Variables studied were binder content and a percentage of OPC, and percentage of fly ash. Unconfined Compressive Stress (UCS) at 7 days was measured for all specimens. Mass stabilization using fly ash geopolymer hybrid could improve strength development of peat soil.

The influence of French culture over the Romanian language has been the subject of an impressive number of books; our purpose in this paper was to choose the opposite way and to prove to which extent a small, isolated Romance culture, located in the Balkans, such as the Romanian culture, was able to offer the great French culture thinkers that were capable of innovating it, of leaving their mark where everything seemed to have been said.In order not to fall into the trap of subjectivism, our research has addressed a double perspective – Romanian and French, focusing on five Romanian personalities, belonging to different eras and streams and who have decisively left their mark upon French literature: Tristan Tzara, Panait Istrati, Emil Cioran, Eugen Ionesco and Virgil Gheorghiu.

The article characterizes the ethnological theory and method of Theodor Koch-Grünberg (1872-1924), a German anthropologist who made four visits to Brazil between 1896 and 1924, and who was especially noted for his writings about the Indians of the Rio Negro and Rio Branco, and the ethnographic collections, sound recordings, photography and films made during these journeys. The author relates this documentary material with Koch-Grünberg’s ethnographic project within the tradition of German Völkerkunde.

CO2 conversion provides a possible solution to curtail the growing CO2 levels in our atmosphere and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. To this end, it is essential to develop efficient catalysts for the reduction of CO2. The structure and activity of molecular CO2 reduction catalysts can be tuned and they offer good selectivity with reasonable stability. Heterogenisation of these molecules reduces solvent restrictions, facilitates recyclability and can dramatically improve activity by preventing catalyst inactivation and perturbing the kinetics of intermediates. The nature and morphology of the solid-state material upon which the catalyst is immobilised can significantly influence the activity of the hybrid assembly. Although work in this area began forty years ago, it has only drawn substantial attention in recent years. This review article gives an overview of the historical development of the field.

Dans le cadre d’un traitement en taillis à courte ou très courte rotation (TCR et TTCR), le projet SYLVABIOM s’est appuyé sur le suivi de la croissance et de l’efficacité avec laquelle les arbres de trois espèces (Peuplier, Robinier et Saule) utilisent l’eau et l’azote dans un réseau de quatre sites ateliers, situés dans des stations contrastées. La pertinence du taux de méthylation de l’ADN en tant que marqueur précoce du niveau de productivité a également été évaluée. Dans le cadre d’un traitement en futaie à courte révolution (FCR), le projet a reposé sur la collecte de données de croissance et de biomasse dans les réseaux expérimentaux, pour construire des tarifs compartimentés (bois de tronc, écorce, branches et feuilles) d’essences forestières à croissance rapide peu ou pas documentées. Des différences significatives ont été mises en évidence, tant en TCR qu’en TTCR, entre les trois espèces, et entre génotypes au sein d’une espèce, pour la production en biomasse, ses déterminants phénologiques, foliaires et architecturaux et l’efficience d’utilisation des ressources. Les relations complexes entre ces caractères sont modulées en fonction des conditions pédoclimatiques et de la densité de plantation. La mesure du taux de méthylation de l’ADN d’apex ou de feuilles pourrait constituer un bon prédicteur du potentiel de croissance chez le Peuplier. Des productions moyennes annuelles de biomasse comprises entre 7 et 13 tonnes de matière sèche par hectare et par an peuvent être espérées autour de 20 ans avec des conifères à croissance rapide cultivés en FCR sur d’autres gammes de stations que les espèces cultivées en TCR ou TTCR. Des gains génétiques très importants sur la production de biomasse sont par ailleurs offerts par sélection de génotypes performants.

There has been an increase in the demand for the use of green concrete in construction. Foam concrete is a lightweight concrete type that has the characteristics of being lightweight, low-strength, highly porous with a high absorption rate and with good insulation properties. The use of sand smoothed andesite in the manufacture of foam concrete is expected to improve the properties of porous concrete and make it more suitable for use. In this study, 120 mortar cubes with the size of 5 cm was used for the density testing, compressive strength testing and porosity testing of foam concrete. Foam concrete is made by mixing cement, sand andesite of 1:2.75 and w/c 0.7 and a foaming agent, which are respectively 1%,2%, 3%, and 4%. Porosity measurements with the soaking method and the concrete compressive strength test were performed, respectively at the age of 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results showed that the increase in use of a foaming agent will cause a reduction in the density and the compressive strength of the concrete. While the porosity of foam concrete which is measured at the "volume of permeable void" will increase with the decreasing density and compressive strength of concrete.

The advancement of computer technology allows the construction education to exploit the various teaching strategies. Unlike other engineering subjects, teaching construction subjects often requires media beyond traditional class room environment that would enable the creation of field-like construction atmosphere. Construction visualization allows students to exercise and experience various field settings that are too difficult to deliver using traditional teaching approach. This paper aims at describing an attempt to develop and implement building information modelling (BIM) as a platform for teaching construction safety. Using BIM technology students can learn various aspects of safety in construction, which are typically hidden from project documents. Visualization features in BIM are utilized by students to help them identifying potential hazard, unsafe acts, and unsafe conditions in a simulated construction project. The result shows that students are more aware and capable to identify any potential hazard and related safety regulations of construction plan and design pertinent to specific site conditions than that if they were only equipped with a set of construction drawings and specifications.

Between 2006 and 2007, L’Association have published the three issues of L’Éprouvette. These are, among other, illustrated by thirty-four images that are hugely enlarged fragments of comic’s panels. By comparing this with similar realizations (the exhibition Bande dessinée et Figuration narrative, the column « Cases mémorables » of the journal Les Cahiers de la bande dessinée), this paper asks about what it means reproducing comics’ fragments. It also tries to analyze the role played by these images within the journal and the links with the rest of the content. Endlessly, still by putting it in prospect with the realizations here above mentioned, it tries to see in what extent these images reflect a certain view about the history of the comic.

The paper reports on three applications of micro-Raman spectroscopy which were carried out in the Laboratory for Conservation Research of the Collections Centre of the Swiss National Museums. The first application addresses archaeological questions about three early mediaeval fibulae which were decorated with gemstones. The determination of different corrosion products on pigeon cameras by micro-Raman spectroscopy is described in the second part of this article. The last case study discusses an example from the field of preventive conservation where changes on metal coupons from the so-called Oddy test were analysed.

Cyclothialidine (Ro 09-1437) is a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor that was isolated from S. filipinensis NR0484. In this account we describe the identification of potent antibacterials structurally derived from this virtually neat enzyme inhibitor.

In der folgenden Studie wurden Dialoge untersucht, in denen zwei Schüler oder Schülerinnen ohne Hilfe einer steuernden und korrigierenden Lehrkraft gemeinsam versuchten, ein Problem zu lösen. Das Ziel, eine Alltagsfrage wie “Warum schwimmt ein Eisenschiff?” zu beantworten, weist den Weg zur Lösung des physikalischen Problems . Was im Dialog über das aufgerufene Sachproblem an Erfahrungen, Lösungsideen und Fragen zwischen den beiden Lernpartnern ausgelöst wird, macht die Fruchtbarkeit solcher Situationen aus. In einer repräsentativen Studie mit über 400 Schülerinnen und Schülern aus 20 Klassen des 8. Schuljahres wurden solche Dialoge zu einer physikalischen und zu einer eher sprachlichen Problemstellung untersucht. Hier war das Ziel, Rahmenbedingungen zu analysierern, die beitragen, dass Dialoge mehr oder weniger lernförderlich verlaufen. Es konnten z.B. geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede und die Bedeutung des Vorwissens nachgewiesen werden. Bei einer kleineren Stichprobe von 31 Dialogpaaren wurden die Äusserungen der Gespräche unter die Lupe genommen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten unter anderem, dass beim Lösen eines sprachlichen Problems eher die Fähigkeit zum Steuern eine Rolle spielt, bei der naturwissenschaftlichen Aufgabe die Vielfalt des sachlichen Vorwissens und “kreatives Abschweifen” helfen. Daraus lassen sich Folgerungen für das kooperative Lernen und die didaktische Bedeutung von Lernpartnerschaften ableiten. Ebenfalls thematisieren lässt sich die Bedeutung des Dialogs im gegenwärtigen Schulunterricht.

In Sept. 1798, eight years after the publication of his three famous critiques, the oíd Kant complains, in a letter to his friend Christian Gane, that he is tortured by a "tantalic pain", because he had not found yet any insight of the "whole of philosophy". The aim of this - study is to "diagnose" this pain and to reveal an efficacious "therapy". It is explicated that Kant's project of an "a priori judging reason" suffers from Ihe unsolvable difficulty of application, caused by the total abstrac tion of empirical contents. ln order to break up this difficulty, the rehabi litation of sentiments seems to be necessary. Thus it becomes possible to comprehend the processua.l wholeness of the kantian critiques: the - mutual relationship of feeling ("Critique of judgement"), thinking ("Critique of pure reason") and willing ("Ctitique of practical reason"). By means of Uds onto-logo-ellzi cal dimension the basic desire of kantian criticism becomes apparent in its positivity: the "renovation of metaphy sics by refutation of scepticism and indifferentism".

An overview about the state-of-the-art of the different techniques of thermal analysis is presented. Their advantages, some handicaps and their possibilities are given with some specific examples. A great number of the existing techniques are presently used in Switzerland, at universities, technical high schools, research institutes as well as in many different branches of industry. The applications are within all possible fields: research, development, in-process control and production. The Swiss Society for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (STK) has been founded in 1975 and activities were performed in several scientific areas during national and international venues. The STK is the vehicle for the exchange of scientific information, promotion and education in areas such as inorganic and organic chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics, polymers and material research. The methods of thermal analysis (TA) especially also with the to-day existing coupled instruments (TA-spectroscopy) are the basis for fundamental and applied investigations in the development of new chemical entities, new chemical and physical processes.

Ecological assessments of material protection in the building sector imply knowing about the living conditions of potentially destructive organisms, the surroundings and service life of the materials in use and further the influences of these materials on environment and people, from the raw material production till the waste disposal.

O texto caracteriza teórica e metodologicamente a etnografia de Theodor Koch-Grünberg (1872-1924), antropólogo alemão que fez quatro visitas ao Brasil entre 1896 e 1924 e que se notabilizou pelos trabalhos escritos sobre os índios dos rios Negro e Branco, pelas coleções etnográficas e pelos registros sonoros, fotográficos e cinematográficos realizados em suas expedições. O autor relaciona esses registros documentais com o projeto etnográfico do antropólogo, vinculado à Völkerkunde alemã.

(primeiro parágrafo do texto) Acaba de ser publicada na Alemanha (editora Aschendorff, Münster) a edição crítica em dois volumes da História do Futuro do Pe. Antonio Vieira. Sob a direção de Hans Flasche aparece esta edição crítica, prefaciada e comentada pelo historiador José van den Besselaar, em 546 páginas, contendo o primeiro volume uma bibliografia, a introdução e o texto, e o segundo, ocomentário.

A Poesia palaciana, surgida entre os séculos doze e treze, distingue-se principalmente pelo lirismo amoroso, a minnelyrik alemã, que lhe grangeou fama enorme, abrindo novas e até então mal-sonhadas possibilidades para a composição lírica. Procede, originariamente, da França Meridional.

Nada mais arbitrário do que determinar a cesura entre a Idade Média e a Época Moderna ou estabelecer o período do "renascimen-to". E' comum a inclusão, em tal período, de vultos como Petrarca, Boccacio, van Eyck e Michelangelo, mas por outro lado, será válido incluir Dante e Giotto?

O ser medieval encarava a existência da humanidade como um fenômeno precário, perfeitamente delimitado. Seus relatos dessa humanidade assumem, por isso, um aspecto absoluto, revelando ascensão, ápice e declínio, ou melhor, comêço e fim de sua história. Esta, aliás, não ocupava um lugar definido entre as ciências. Não pertencendo às "sete arte liberais" (ao trivium e ao quadrivium), emprestava-lhe algum valor apenas a exegese bíblica, devido aos recursos interpretativos que proporcionava. A situação peculiar dessa exegese fazia surgir obras de caráter enciclopédico, compostas de acôrdo com a cosmovisão da teologia cristã. Inicialmente é o latim o idioma em que se exprimem êsses escritos; mais tarde surgem as primeiras terminologias em alemão (Hildegard von Bingen) e depois ence-tam alguns espíritos privilegiados um sistemático trabalho de tradução (Albertus Magnus).