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The article discusses a shift in the competitive conditions of marketing in the tire industry at the time of publication. The author notes a number of factors contributing to severe competition and low profitability in the industry before the shift, including a decline in demand, excesses in capacity, variance in prices due to inventory losses, and disruption of marketing channels. According to the author, since the industry's low point in the 1930s, a number of changes have occurred, including an increase in original equipment demand due to an increase in automobile production and a decline in replacement demand.

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Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Revue Française de Sociologie is the property of Presses de Sciences Po and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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To study changes in household consumption patterns, five socioeconomic household groups were defined using a new multidimensional index (IMPR) composed of three dimensions: satisfaction of basic needs, marginalization relative to a reference population, and total disposable household income. When household incomes rose from 1969 to 1992, lower socio-economic groups did not display the same consumption behaviours as upper-income classes. The growth in household income during their life-cycles did not allow them to catch up to higher-income households. Middle-class households experienced marked changes in consumption over their lifecycles, but in the 1990s, they experienced difficulties. Cinq groupes socioéconomiques de ménages sont définis à l'aide d'un nouvel indice multidimensionnel de pauvreté-richesse (IMPR), construit à partir de trois dimensions: satisfaction des besoins de base, marginalisation par rapport à une population de référence et revenu total disponible du ménage. De 1969 à 1992, quand les revenus des ménages augmentent, les classes socioéconomiques qui occupent des positions inférieures n'ont pas les mêmes comportements de consommatîon que les classes supérieures. La croissance des revenus des ménages les moins riches au cours de leur cycle de vie ne leur permet pas de rattraper les positions des ménages plus riches. Dans les années 1990, la classe moyenne connaît une situation difficile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses the maintenance of price. The article is confined to the discussion of the practice among manufacturers and wholesalers to fix the prices of the goods. The article is began by analyzing and understanding the phenomenon, to see how it comes about. In this task of analysis, two distinct lines of explanation are followed. The first of these relates to the variations of demand and the structure of demand schedules, topics with which economic theory is accustomed to deal. The second relates to the working in practice of the traditional machinery of distribution through middlemen. The first might be called psychological and the second might be called marketing. It is concluded that there is still less a public gain from compelling retail dealings to be conducted in the good old way and at the good old expense. The price-fixing system would not indeed seem to be so dangerous as to call for penal treatment; it does not portend such large social and economic difficulties as the monopoly and trust. The common law mode of dealing with contracts in restraint of trade suffices.

The article focuses on the report related to the outlook of employment in France. The report depicts that there will not be a fall in working population as well as in the general scarcity of labor. The report understands some non-negligible modifications. The most important of these modifications is the taking into account the most recent demographic projections of the National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies.