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The chimeric antigen receptor T-cells are a new class of anticancer treatment consisting in genetically modifying autologous or allogenic T-cells to make express a CAR directed against a membrane tumor antigen. In Europe, tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah TM ) has a marketing authorization for the treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and young adults and of R/R diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The marketing authorization for axicabtagene ciloleucel (Yescarta TM ) is the treatment of DLBCL and primary R/R mediastinal B-cell lymphoma. The two products are autologous T-cells directed against CD19. This collaborative work, part of a series of expert opinion-based work, aims to give practical advice to help centers in selection of patients for commercially available CAR T-cell treatment., (Copyright © 2020 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Emerging Therapies Using Car-T Cells in Lymphoma: After the promising results obtained in North American academic centers suggesting the curative potential of these treatments, the development of T cells carrying a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) directed against the CD19 antigen has experienced rapid developments in recent years. Three major trials (each involving about 100 patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive B-cell lymphoma) were conducted and evaluated the efficacy of these treatments (Zuma-1, Juliet and Transcend). Tumor responses are observed in 52% to 82% of patients, with a best complete response (CR) rate of 40% to 58%. Although some patients with early CR may relapse rapidly, the quality of the response appears to improve over time for other patients in partial response, all of which result in a proportion of patients with prolonged CR by approximately 30% to 40% (up to more than one year after treatment). Toxicities (mostly early and reversible) are mainly represented by the cytokine release syndrome (severe in 1% to 22% of patients) and neurological disorders sometimes severe (in 12% to 31% of patients), while other patients develop cytopenias or hypogammaglobulinemia. The updating of these studies over time and the new developments (in the improvement of their conception and in their use) of the CAR-T will allow to better defining the place of these innovative and promising treatments in the therapeutic strategy of patients with lymphoma. Cet article fait partie du numéro supplément Les cellules CAR-T : une révolution thérapeutique ? réalisé avec le soutien institutionnel des partenaires Gilead : Kite et Celgene., (© 2018 Société Française du Cancer. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.)

Prognostic factors able to predict lymphoma patient's outcome are necessary to inform the patient and to choose the appropriate treatment. Beside the essential documentation of the pathological lymphoma subtype, several factors (such as age, performance status, Ann Arbor disease stage, LDH level...) easy to assess are used and help to establish prognostic indexes for each lymphoma entity. Numerous biomarkers obtained on fresh or frozen tissue using molecular techniques are currently described and may help to optimize the clinical care of lymphoma patients tomorrow.