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A disaster situation requires an organised command of the emergency services as well as of the treatment of victims and their orientation. The aim is to avoid any deterioration in the quality of the emergency care provided to the patients. A medical speciality, disaster medicine requires specific training.

The French major emergency management system has created a consistent structure for the management of patients in emergency situations. French emergency call centers (dial 15) are staffed by people trained to identify distress situations. Medical management at the accident or failure site ensures early implementation of medical check-up, resuscitation treatment and rapid transportation to an adapted department. At the hospital, the organization of the emergency care unit is based on the same principles: identification of distress, precise assessment of the situation and optimization of the referral process.