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The BOOT (Build-Own-Operate-Transfer) contract is considered one of the innovative mechanisms for managing public facilities due to its importance in implementing investment projects, particularly in construction, operation, and property transfer. Its significance emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century and was further reinforced after the Second World War, amidst the presence of war-stricken economies. Additionally, there was an ideological shift in the role of the state from being a guardian state to an intervening state, which led to the emergence of public law in business affairs. The BOOT contract became one of its cornerstones as countries resorted to international economic contracts. Despite Algeria’s adoption of the BOOT contract as one of the forms of international contracts due to its importance in attracting foreign direct investment and technology transfer, this did not prompt Algerian lawmakers to establish a specific legal framework for it. This is despite the modifications that have affected the specific system, notably Presidential Decree No. 15-247, which is considered one form of concession contracts.

in this article we analyze the reflective accounts written by mentors/coaches at the end of their training, in order to retrace the transformation of their professional identity and professional action. The analysis focuses on a thematic and linguistic analysis of the texts as embodiments of a developing relationship with the professional world. We highlight that these texts bear traces of processes of renormalization, resulting from conceptual and formal learning as much as from experiential learning achieved during training. This analysis ultimately calls into question the training itself, along with its multiple expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: Psychological maturity can be comprehended as a multifaceted construct encompassing various psychosocial, emotional, and cognitive attributes. The aim of this study was to investigate evidence of validity of the Psychological Development Index for the Comprehensive System Zulliger Test. Method: The data analysis considered the Mann-Whitney test, Cohen's d, Spearman's correlation and the coefficient difference test. Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to verify the relationship between age and Developmental Index with a 253 children and adolescents between 7 and 14 years of age participated. Results: The results indicated evidence of concurrent criterion validity to Development Index, pointing out statistically significant differences between age groups. Conclusion: Regarding the evidence of convergent validity of the Development Index between the Zulliger Comprehensive System and the Rorschach Performance Assessment System tests, nothing can be proven. This study is limited by the age range of the sample, as well as the transposition of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System Development Index calculation to the Zulliger Comprehensive System.

The article examines the ways to develop small businesses in Ukraine in the post-war period. The overall objective of the study is to identify potential ways to promote small business development in Ukraine in the post-war period. The research objective leads to the following question: what are the best practices and tools that can be used to develop small businesses in Ukraine in the post-war period. To achieve the research objective, the following tasks were used: the analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, using the data obtained within the framework of the UUT 25 Grant Project “Dynamic Capabilities building in Ukrainian SMEs for development and growth in the framework of post-war restoration of territorial communities of Ukraine” ( Odesa Polytechnic National University,2023) and secondary analysis of data from open Internet resources, and the proposals for the small businesses in Ukraine development in the post-war period were given.

The research focuses on taking advantage of smartphone applications as one of the solutions to develop different products by developing processes to control the characteristics of products through the development of programming for those applications to add the advanced characteristics and features of the products periodically. Smartphones are characterized by their small size, direct contact with the user, and their possession of many technical capabilities, and statistics indicate the presence of nearly 5 billion smartphones, and these smartphones contain many applications in various fields.The problem lies in the need to produce many product control tools that are damaged several times during the product life cycle, and their ability to keep pace with development becomes weak, which limits their ability to satisfy the renewable desires of users, and continuing to develop means of statement and control of products by traditional methods leads To waste the resources and energy used in production, and results in many products that operate with high efficiency and the user refrains from them, due to their inability to communicate and fulfill their desires, which constitutes a burden on the environment. The research dealt with traditional and digital display and control systems, how to benefit from smartphone applications in developing products, managing the relationship between the user, the product and the manufacturer, in addition to showing the impact of this on achieving sustainability and reducing the volume of waste resulting from the transformation of many products into waste as a result of their inability to achieve desires of users. finally, the research reached the importance of benefiting from smartphone applications in developing products, satisfying the user's desires personally, reducing the waste of energy used in traditional development processes, and reducing the volume of technical waste.

The call for cultural change is nothing new and covers a wide range of targets. The backdrop most often concerns the need to change people's behavior at work. But what exactly are we talking about? The aim of this article is to propose a number of conceptual and methodological perspectives for thinking about the demands for cultural change in ergonomic intervention. On the one hand, ergonomics faces a challenge in terms of positioning the discipline in relation to the uses of the notion of culture and its inclusion in interventions. On the other hand, this is an opportunity for ergonomists, as ergonomic intervention can be seen as an accompaniment to this cultural fact at work. With its development-oriented methods of activity analysis and design, ergonomics can contribute to a situated analysis of cultural aspects at work. Based on the cultural-historical theory of activity, the text draws on examples from 3 research-interventions and suggests ways of supporting cultural dynamism in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managers are tasked with organising the work of their staff while at the same time ensuring their quality of life in the workplace. Tensions between these two objectives can nevertheless occur, as experienced by a high school principal when, for personal reasons, one of his teachers belatedly withdrew from accompanying a school trip. Analysis of simulations involving seven other managers and a researcher revealed several solutions, some of which were more conducive to quality of working life than others. These results were used to create an interactive video to train managers to better manage such tensions, taking into account the inter-individual variability of the activity in the simulation situation. The developmental aspects of managers were discussed from the perspective of the situations produced during the design process of the interactive video. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article starts from the context according to which the North Kivu province is victim of multiple problems in all the sectors. That is what constitutes a real problem if they ac see what can explain this situation. It has as objective to show haw the armed conflicts and the governance of the country are at the basis of under or nondevelopment of North Kivu province. After making surveys on all the area of this province, the results on ground-starting from the number of national and foreign armed groups without forgetting the Congolese political governance have shown that, without peace, prove that any development is not envisageable in this part of country, despite of the dynamism of the population. Some inhabitants contacted have given the information that allowed to understand the dimension and complexity of the security situation in North Kivu. Thus, the populations live hopelessly without knowing finally who will liberate them despite the effort managed by the national, regional and international leaders. For the development of North Kivu, there should be peace, and only peace. With peace, the dynamism of North Kivu population can bring to development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The US has led the way building the international development cooperation system and been the largest single donor for the last seven decades. Foreign aid has gone through different phases during the post-World War II period and remains an important geopolitical and geo-economic tool for 21st century USA. The Bush and Obama administrations, despite different nuances in terms of discourse and aid practices, invested in reforms to modernise aid programmes, increased funding for USAID, and created new global health, food security, and climate change programmes. Contrary to the historical trend, the Trump administration submitted budget requisitions characterised by a 30% reduction for State Department and USAID allocations. It is noteworthy that the Trump administration questioned the costs of global leadership, criticised international organizations and the sectoral allocation of funds, and made threats of cuts in aid to countries that opposed Washington’s interests. The purpose of this article is to understand how the strategy of ‘America First’ changed the strategic tripod of defence, diplomacy, and development, by analysing changes in US foreign aid in terms of available resources, recipient countries, aid modalities, and multilateral engagement.

The context of English language teaching has undergone significant changes in recent years, impacting all elements involved, including students, teachers, materials, methodologies, challenges, and outcomes. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, everyone was forced to continue teaching and learning to the best of their abilities. Although classes have largely returned to their pre-pandemic format, the lessons learned from remote and online teaching cannot be disregarded as the experience also revealed the futility of some former live classroom activities. To address this issue, a teacher development course has been created to assist educators in evaluating their current practices and enhancing them by drawing on the knowledge gained and resources employed during the pandemic. This online and asynchronous course provides educators with an opportunity to embrace change to better learning outcomes for students.

The full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation in February 2022 caused significant damage to the Ukrainian economy. The war caused obstacles in the sphere of foreign and domestic trade, disruption of transport and logistics processes, outflow of personnel abroad or partial movement of labor resources within the country, occupation of territories, destruction, looting of enterprises, which certainly affected the ability of entrepreneurship to fully function. This made it necessary to study the impact of war on the state of entrepreneurship of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the state and identify priorities for the restoration and further development of entrepreneurship in the post-war period.

Since the 1990s, learning assessment surveys have become increasingly important in developing countries. Zambia, for example, has developed a diversified assessment system over the past 26 years, combining national and international surveys. The aim of this article is to shed light on the limits of learning assessments and the induced consequences on the construction of the Zambian assessment system. Building on a comparative analysis of national and international assessments, the author considers the characteristics of the indicators produced by the five assessments conducted in Zambia. The indicators produced are similar in their objectives of measuring learning achievement. However, certain biases and inconsistencies are highlighted, particularly regarding differences in content and modes of evaluation. Moreover, the representativeness and comparability of the indicators are limited. This study thus attempts to assess the capacity of learning assessments to inform decision-makers and education planners in a given country.

Copyright of African & Mediterranean Journal of Architecture & Urbanism (AMJAU) is the property of Ecole Nationale d'Architecture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While official development assistance has had a positive impact in Asian countries, the situation remains disappointing in sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly in Cameroon. A number of variables explain this failure to achieve the objectives of official development assistance : while donors have repeatedly granted funds, it is no less true that they do not follow them up harmoniously in terms of implementation and allocation. Similarly, the responsibility of recipient states should be questioned. This article sets out to do just that, drawing on documentary research to understand the responsibilities of each party and to see to what extent official development assistance could also contribute to the development of the African continent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the resource frontier of Prey Lang Forest in Cambodia, a new food regime marks multiple rifts in the social fabric. As the forest gives way to rural road development, migrant incursions, and cash cropping, long-term residents lament the paucity of available food. At the same time, new migrants suggest that there is now more food than ever. Based on how food is defined, we find one food, motofish, that emerged as a significant semiotic sign. It is a fish, regardless of species, that is farm-raised and carried from the market to the village by motorbike. It is opposed to a real fish that grows by itself in a river or stream. Long-term Kuy and Khmer residents of the forest see the fish as a sign of destruction and loss, because there are so few fish in the rivers and streams. New migrants see motofish as part of a new abundance coming to this remote corner of the world where there used to be no food. This abundance is facilitated by Cambodia's growing fish farming industry, fed by wild-harvested 'trashfish' and subsidized soy pellets. Motofish is more than a sign of gastropolitics, as it marks a rift in the semiotic landscape through which individual and collective worlds emerge. We use this worldmaking fish to launch a discussion of both the epistemic and metabolic rifts of agrarian transformation and how these rifts are interpreted by different actors in the same landscape: One that recognizes the metabolic rift and the other that carries with them its epistemic cleansing.

In East Africa, environmental school clubs play an important role as an extension of conservation efforts, and have done so since the beginning of the post-colonial period. There is a lack of critical research on what students are taught at these clubs. Based on fieldwork at two clubs in northern Tanzania, this article reveals how students highlight narratives of poverty and low levels of education as the main reasons for environmental degradation. Drawing on political ecology and the emerging sub-field of the political ecology of education, I discuss what these narratives reveal about the environmental subjects formed through environmental school clubs. I examine the coloniality of these clubs, and I reveal how students learn to blame the 'poor' and 'uneducated' through the education system. It reproduces an apolitical development narrative that limits students' critical engagement with broader environmental issues.

"Economy, management and business law" is a publication that aims to contribute to the improvement of knowledge in the fields of economics and management as well as in disciplines directly related to development, adopting a variety of quantitative and/or qualitative methodologies at both theoretical and empirical levels. Our policy is to promote scientific work that will lead to significant advances in modern theories. It favors articles that provide sufficient insight into concrete aspects of economic life at microeconomic, macroeconomic and mesoeconomic levels. Authors are invited to compare the results of their studies with their initial hypotheses, within a framework of approaches that align theoretical advances with the realities of the modern economy. The current challenges facing the global economy are becoming increasingly frustrating: frequent crises, significant imbalances between countries in the North and South, profound inequalities between rich and poor within the same country. As a result, the economic policies proposed by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and other economic bodies advocate a single trajectory: economic neoliberalism for greater wealth creation. Can this logic be considered the only way out, especially for less advanced countries?

Land-based transport corridors and related infrastructure are increasingly extending into and across the Arctic in support of resource development and population growth, causing large-scale cumulative changes to northern socio-ecological systems. These changes include the increased mobility of people, goods and resources, and environmental impacts on landscapes and ecosystems as the human footprint reaches remote, unindustrialized regions. Arctic climate change is also generating new challenges for the construction and maintenance of these transport systems, requiring adaptive engineering solutions as well as community resilience. In this review article, we consider the complex entanglements between humans, the environment, and land transportation infrastructure in the North and illustrate these interrelations by way of seven case studies: the Baikal–Amur Mainline, Bovanenkovo Railway, Alaska–Canada Highway, Inuvik–Tuktoyatuk Highway, Alaska Railroad, Hudson Bay Railway, and proposed railways on Baffin Island, Canada. As new infrastructure is built and anticipated across the circumpolar North, there is an urgent need for an integrated socio-ecological approach to impact assessment. This would include full consideration of Indigenous knowledge and concerns, collaboration with local communities and user groups in assessment, planning and monitoring, and evaluation of alternative engineering designs to contend with the impacts of climate change in the decades ahead.

تعد إعاقة التوحد من أهم الإعاقات التى انتشرت بشكل مخيف يدعو إلى القلق، وبالأخص عند الباحثين في مجال الإعاقات؛ ولهذا بات من الضروري التعرف إلى نوعية الاضطراب النمائي الذي يطلق عليه التوحد، ليس لتعرف أسبابه فحسب، بل ينبغي الوصول إلى الحلول السريعة للتدخل؛ للدفع إلى كفاءة هؤلاء الأطفال في سن مبكرة لكي يتمكنوا من مواجهة الصعوبات التى تواجههم.ويهدف البحث الحالي إلى توضيح علاقة النمو اللغوي لدى الطفل المتوحد بالعوامل الديموغرافية التي تحيط به في المجتمع عامة وفى الأسرة خاصة، ويتبع البحث المنهج الوصفى، ويتناول البحث الملامح النظرية للنمو اللغوى والتوحد، ويعقبها الموجهات النظرية التي تتناول موضوع البحث، والطريقة المثلي للنمو اللغوي مع مراعاة العامل الديموغرافي للطفل المتوحد.ومن نتائج البحث أن هناك علاقة بين المتغير الديموغرافي والنمو اللغوي عند الأطفال التوحديين،كما أن ثمة علاقة بين العوامل البيئية والثقافية والنمو اللغوي عندهم؛ لما لذلك من أثر بالغ الأهمية في تكوين شخصية الطفل التوحدى وحصيلته اللغوية وطريقة تواصله مع الآخرين ومحيطه الاجتماعي من أفراد أسرته وأقرانه وأقاربه ومعلميه في المدرسة.Abstract Autism is one of the most important disabilities that has spread in an alarming way, especially among researchers in the field of disabilities. Therefore, it has become necessary to identify the type of developmental disorder called autism, not only to know its causes, but also to find quick solutions for intervention. This is for the sake of competence of these children at an early age so that they can face difficulties they encounter. One of the results of the research is that there is a relationship between the demographic variable and the linguistic development of autistic children, and there is also a relationship between environmental and cultural factors, and their linguistic development. This is because it has a very important impact on the formation of the personality of the autistic child and his linguistic outcome, the way he communicates with others, and his social surroundings of his family members, peers, relatives and teachers at school.

Initiated by the Agence Française de Développement since 2018 in Ouagadouogou, Dakar, Abidjan and Tunisia, the "urban incubators" project is inspired by tactical urbanism, promoting transitional and collaborative developments, with rapid and low-cost interventions that complement AFD's usual projects. This article proposes to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of these projects and to analyze the socio-spatial transformations and possible changes in the forms of public action. The article highlights the success of certain initiatives, the involvement of various actors, and the partial improvement of living conditions in certain neighborhoods. But it also looks at the limits of this type of urban planning in the Global South, where micro-projects are considered too short-lived.

Often considered a flat surface with no depth, the digital interface of a website lies at the junction of various spaces. Awareness of the depth and thickness of a website makes it possible to develop a three-dimensional way of thinking about interfaces, to go beyond the overly blunt contrast between what is visible and what is not, and to envisage a permeability that promotes a better understanding of content that can be questioned and “explored”. The addition of geolocation data to the Collecta.fr website dedicated to the historical collection of François-Roger de Gaignières (1642-1715) offered an opportunity to expand the existing site and further reveal the internal structure of the collection and information. This article traces the development of the Collecta.fr website and is accompanied by a discussion of the issues of the materiality of media (Katherine Hayles) and architecture, the outcropping of data (Aldo Rossi), and navigation (Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari; Lucius Burckhardt).

The aim of this article is to quantify the economic contribution of the fishing sector to Guinea’s economy. The employed method involves calculating the direct added value generated by the sector across various segments such as production, processing, fish mongering, and exportation. This data then serves to evaluate the sector’s impact on Guinea’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition to these financial indicators, the analysis also covers other key areas such as job creation, food security, and contributions to the national budget. The information sources include various databases and documents provided by organisations responsible for fisheries management in Guinea. In terms of results, the average annual apparent availability of fish is 258,260 tonnes for the period 2009-2018, with a per capita consumption of 21.5 kg per year. The fishing sector also employs a significant portion of the active population, namely 237,240 individuals, which accounts for 12.1 % of the total active population estimated at 1.9 million people. Financially, the added value created by the sector is estimated to average 3,193 billion GNF over the decade 2009-2018, broken down as follows: 2,210 billion GNF from production, 355.5 billion GNF from fish mongering, 450 billion GNF from artisanal processing, 93.5 billion GNF from exports, and 87.5 billion GNF in tax revenues. This added value represents an average of 6 % of Guinea’s GDP, a figure considerably higher than the 1,815 billion GNF estimated by the National Institute of Statistics (INS), which focuses solely on the primary sector. Furthermore, the trade balance of the sector is positive, with an average of 155 billion GNF. Despite this substantial contribution to the economy, the Guinean fishing sector is hindered by the lack of high-value-added products, insufficient investment in industrial training, and the absence of clear strategic directions.

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management international / International Management / Gestiòn Internacional is the property of Management International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Akofena is the property of Universite Felix Houphouet Boigny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract This paper analyses whether the level of development affects a state’s participation in the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The methodology relies on the Survival Analysis with two different tools. First, the Kaplan-Meier Curve, which indicates the survival time of an individual until the occurrence of an event, was plotted. Thereafter, the Cox Regression was used. This tool associates Survival Analysis to linear regression in order to examine the impacts of some independent variables on the time until the occurrence of the observed events. The results showed that states with higher levels of GDP and HDI, and with a larger population, have more chances of initiating a dispute and being a respondent. Likewise, the American and the European continents are more likely to experience these events. Developed and Developing countries experience the incidence of an event more easily when compared to Least Developed Countries.

Latin American political ecology is a theoretical framework for thinking about nature-society relations and the ecological transition that has emerged over the last 25 years and today represents a veritable reference in the Portuguese and Spanish-speaking world. This article presents the trajectory and ramifications of this 'encompassing' theoretical framework. It shows how it developed within and in response to the Anglophone literature of political ecology, but has since asserted its own influences and objects of study, drawing on elements shared with broader paradigms of the social sciences —such as post-structuralism and the ontological turn— but also on its own epistemological references —notably Latin American critical thought, decolonial studies, and various key concepts developed from this specific Southern geography, as well as a perhaps unparalleled partnership between academic and activist circles. We show that this framework, in which emancipation plays a key role for conceiving sustainable futures based on the creative potential of everyday actors, offers an interesting conceptual lens for the thinking of current social and ecological crises and specifically for an empirical analysis of the agroecological transition of food systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The territorial management of aging represents a real challenge for New Brunswick municipalities. This contribution illustrates the changes that have occurred in this area and, more specifically, to municipal infrastructures, equipment and services, between 2014 and 2021, in the Regional Municipality of Tracadie. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with local elected officials and stakeholders working with seniors. Although respondents noted an overall improvement in the territorial management of aging, gaps remain, particularly in the former local service districts, notably with regard to sidewalks and snow removal. The implementation of an urban plan that considers the particular realities of seniors would undoubtedly mitigate the effects of such shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While some critical voices are criticizing the high consideration given to the trade of cultural wealth, the bamum kingdom seems to present itself as an important center of production, diffusion or trading of so called african art objects. Therefore, Foumban can be seen and registered like the town whose population are aware of the economic potentiality that represent art and culture. In this era of globalization, many strategies are used and allow actors of art world to gain and to permit to this town to benefit more in term of notoriety. Through this case study based on the using of qualitative methods towards more than thirty persons we choosed specially, our aim is to highlight the economic aspect of this sector that increase in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Interventions Économiques is the property of Association d'Economie Politique and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Bölge kalkınma ajanslarının, ülkelerin öncelikli sorunlarından olan bölgeler arası eşitsizlikleri azaltmak, büyüme ve gelişmeyi sağlamak ve böylece ulusal kalkınmayı desteklemek gibi önemli misyonları vardır. Bu görevlerin ekonomik, verimli ve etkili bir şekilde yerine getirilebilmesi için ajansın sahip olduğu maddi ve maddi olmayan tüm kaynaklar oldukça önemlidir. Ancak yapılan çalışmalar, örgütler için maddi olmayan kaynakların niteliğinin daha önemli olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Maddi olmayan kaynakların en değerlisi ise çalışanlardır. Günümüzde insan kaynağının niteliğinin artmasıyla örgütün performansının artacağı bilinmektedir. İnsan kaynağının niteliğinin artması ise doğru işe alım, eğitim ve geliştirme ile mümkündür. Kalkınma ajanslarının insan kaynağına yaptığı eğitim ve geliştirme yatırımı, hizmet verdikleri bölgenin ve topyekûn tüm ülkenin büyüme ve gelişme hedefine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı; bölgesel kalkınmanın sağlanmasında önemli bir yere sahip olan kalkınma ajansları tarafından sunulan hizmetlerin kalitesinin arttırılması için insan kaynağını nasıl eğittiğini ve geliştirdiğini anlamaktır. Çalışmanın ana sorusu “Kalkınma ajansları insan kaynaklarının eğitimi ve geliştirilmesi için ne yapmaktadır? sorusudur. Bu bağlamda, İpekyolu ve Dicle Kalkınma ajanslarının insan kaynaklarını eğitme ve geliştirme uygulamaları incelenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma, nitel yaklaşım yöntemlerinden durum çalışması (bütüncül çoklu durum deseni) ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgulara, yapılandırılmış yüz yüze görüşme verileri ve ajansın internet sitesinden elde edilen doküman verilerinden faydalanılarak ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin betimsel analizi ile elde edilen bulgulara göre ajanslar; mevzuatın çizdiği çerçeve dâhilinde, eğitime ve çalışanların motivasyonuna önem veren, kendilerini geliştirmeleri için destek olan, onlara çeşitli yol ve yöntemlerle eğitim almaları konusunda imkânlar sağlayan bir politika izlemektedir. Geliştirme uygulamaları ise yeterli seviyede değildir. Bununla birlikte ajansların insan kaynaklarının eğitimi ve geliştirilmesinde birçok kamu kurumuna kıyasla daha sistematik ve istekli çalıştığı söylenebilir.

Girişimcilik günümüz dünyasında yenilikçi üretim anlayışı, ekonomik kalkınma, sosyal refah ve küresel rekabette var olabilmenin ön koşullarından birine dönüşen, üretimin ayrılmaz bir parçası olmuş iktisadi faaliyet olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Girişimcilerin bu nedenlerle duyumsadıkları sosyal güvenlik risklerinin, hükümetler tarafından düzenlenen yapıcı sosyal politikalar aracılığıyla minimize edilmesi girişimciliğin yaygınlaşmasına katkı sunmaktadır. Bu noktada yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı uluslararası alanyazında “sosyal politika ve girişimcilik” konulu çalışmaları incelemek ve bir öngörü sunmaktır. Elde edilen bulguları Türkiye alanyazınıyla karşılaştırmak ve konuya ilişkin mevcut durumu, alanyazın boşluklarını tespit ederek, yapılacak sonraki çalışmalara yol göstermektir. Çalışma verileri Web of Science veri tabanından alınmış, verilerin toplanması için “social policy” and “entrepreneurship” kelimeleri aratılarak ortaya çıkan sonuçlar incelenmiştir. Toplamda 223 makaleye ulaşılmış, araştırma bulguları bu 223 makaleden elde edilen verilerden oluşmuştur. Veriler “R” analiz programı ile anlamlandırılış, ortaya çıkan bulgular doğrultusunda Türkiye adresli yayınların küresel ortalamanın altında kaldığı, bu kavramların ulusal alanda daha fazla ilgi gördüğü, uluslararası yayınların ağırlığının “girişimcilik” üzerine olduğu belirlenmiştir. Türkiye eksenli çalışmaların ise “sosyal politika”lara daha fazla odaklandığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bu bulgunun nedeninin uluslararası arenada sosyal politika sorunlarının aşılmış olması, Türkiye’de ise henüz sosyal politika sorunlarının aşılamaması olduğu düşünülmektedir. Mevcut sosyal politika anlayışının teknolojik yenilik ve gelişimleri içine alacak şekilde genişletilmesi, dijital girişimciliği özendirici tedbirlerin alınması kalkınmada ve ihracat noktasında ülkemize büyük katkılar sağlayacaktır. Ayrıca girişimcilik açısından dezavantajlı grup olan kadınlara yönelik sosyal politika unsurlarının çeşitlendirilmesinin Türkiye’nin kalkınması için yararlı olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

The cosmologies of the pre-Socratics are usually considered to be independent, distinctive conceptions. Within the framework of these cosmologies, however, David J. Furley was able to differentiate “linear” and “centrifocal” conceptions, while Daniel W. Graham distinguished “meteorological” and “lithic” models; by way of these, they pointed out the common features of individual cosmologies and at the same time showed how they had evolved. It is, however, possible to conclude that they are both discussing the same thing. Pre-Socratic cosmologies, that is to say, experienced a significant development that was based on a change in the concept of the space of the universe. While in the Ionian archaic cosmologies of the 6th century BCE the space of the universe usually extended only between the flat Earth and the heaven, in the following century it was already being extended around the entire Earth. This led to a change not only in the concept of celestial bodies and their orbits, but in additional cosmological aspects as well. The cause of this development was Parmenides’ conception of the space of the universe, consisting of a spherical heaven with a spherical Earth in its center.

Elucidating the mechanisms that control seed development, metabolism, and physiology is a fundamental issue in biology. Michel Caboche had long been a catalyst for seed biology research in France up until his untimely passing away last year. To honour his memory, we have updated a review written under his coordination in 2010 entitled “Arabidopsis seed secrets unravelled after a decade of genetic and omics-driven research”. This review encompassed different molecular aspects of seed development, reserve accumulation, dormancy and germination, that are studied in the lab created by M. Caboche. We have extended the scope of this review to highlight original experimental approaches implemented in the field over the past decade such as omics approaches aimed at investigating the control of gene expression, protein modifications, primary and specialized metabolites at the tissue or even cellular level, as well as seed biodiversity and the impact of the environment on seed quality.

This study deals with how the term shadow areas emerged on the Algerian political and media scene, then became a national concern, and it will highlight the most important causes of the emergence of shadow areas in Algeria. and the obstacles that prevent their development and improvement of the standard of living to achieve the standard of a decent living, and how the state seeks to find unconventional sources of financing to achieve this goal. However, its neglect of the charitable sector in general, and of investing in waqfs goods in particular, as an effective financial partner, can cover a significant part of the budget deficit linked to the social field. It also highlights the different formulas for the exploitation and development of waqfs properties, which can be adopted at the level of these areas, compatible with Sharia and the laws, which helps to advance development, these areas.

Socialization of rural youth is a key factor in the development of Agricultural industry and society. In the modern world, where urbanization and technological progress are rapidly changing the shape of lives, it is necessary to pay special attention to the social processes taking place in rural areas. The presented research evaluates the role of youth in the development of rural communities and the relevant analysis allowed us to determine that young people, who are the future of the nation, have a significant in the formation and development of rural communities. With the active use of the Internet and social networks, online platforms have a significant impact on the socialization process. They facilitate overcoming geographical barriers and create conditions for the formation of communities with common interests. Within the analysis stage of the research the authors have identified the positive aspect of using social networks in the socialization of rural youth as broadening their horizons and access to new knowledge. Young people have the opportunity to learn about different development areas, professions or training programs that were previously inaccessible to them. The opportunities for rural youth to share experiences and successes contribute to the self-esteem and encourage their personal growth. The authors, on the other hand, highlight the negative aspects of using social networks in the process of socialization of rural youth: dependence on the virtual world and disconnection from real life; the presence of uncontrolled information or content that can lead to the formation of wrong value orientations of youth. The authors of the study have concluded that it is essential to create conditions for the development of critical thinking among rural youth and suggest ways to solve the problems involved in the socialization of rural youth.

The article deals with a study of vacancies in the forestry industry, based on data from the “Work of Russia” portal. The study analyzes various job parameters such as company size, type of employment, work schedule and salary offered. Most of the vacancies were published in December 2023 and relate to the profession “Forester (senior state forest protection inspector)”. Offered salary is about 20 000-35 000 rubles a month. The majority of vacancies posted on the portal are posted by small companies (85.7%) and do not require previous work experience, but require full-time employment (95.1%) and a full-time work schedule (64.7%). The typology of vacancies based on the level of minimum and maximum wages showed that the optimal choice is to identify two clusters. The first cluster included vacancies with a salary of 40,000 rubles or more, the second cluster - with a salary less. This work is an example of the use of open data and can be used by employers and job seekers to make more informed decisions in the labor market.

In order to improve and restore the functions of biological tissues and organs as well as for the identification and treatment of diseases, biomedical materials a developing subject of materials science are indispensable. Materials like these are frequently employed in many different medical equipment employed in clinical settings, such as scaffolding, sutures, substitute teeth, artificial bones, and even heart replacements. Innovative methods for identifying, treating, and regaining physiological functions have been made possible by biomedical materials, which have completely changed the healthcare industry. The development, categorization, and therapeutic uses of biomedical materials are examined in this study, with a focus on metallic biomaterials, synthetic polymers, and bio ceramics in addition to their biologically derived counterparts, such as collagen, silk, chitosan, and alginate. The functionality of medical devices has been significantly advanced by bioengineering improvements, that have produced healing implants and progressive diagnostic imaging that improve patient effects. This evaluation explores the capacity of nanomaterials in biomedicine, current wound dressings, and antimicrobial methods, highlighting the limitations and destiny opportunities inside the creation of extra powerful therapy and minimally harmful diagnostic tools.

This article talks about the prospects for the development of eco-tourism, agro-tourism and mountain tourism in the Surkhandarya region. Based on scientific data, the author studied and analyzed the specific aspects of the prospects for the development of eco-tourism, agro-tourism and mountain tourism in Surkhandarya region based on available literature.

The problem of construction bidding process, according to current regulations it is called a tender, is an issue that is integrated with the development of facilities and infrastructure in a region. The bidding process is linked to the success and failure of a development, especially in Aceh. The tender of these providers is a process of bidding the executors of a development/infrastructure which has a major impact on the speed of regional development or can be a factor inhibiting/delaying development. The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal factors that make a development successful or an obstacle to the provider bidding process in the construction of construction facilities and infrastructure in Aceh. The research method is a descriptive method by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method was carried out through observation and interviews, while the quantitative method was carried out through distributing questionnaires to respondents and then processing the data with statistics. The results showed that the first dominant factor influencing the provider bidding process at UKPBJ Aceh Province was the information system with the highest score of 32.7674. The second factor is facilities and infrastructure (X6) with a value of 24.9302, followed by the third factor is Transparency (X7) with a value of 24,7209. The winning factor for tender participants is the bidding document factor of 87.3%, the information system factor is 73.5% and the transparency factor is 84.7%. Factor affecting failure of the bidders is Bidding Documents (X4), Election Schedule (X5), Distribution of Tasks (Especially UKPBJ and Working group procurement of goods and services/Pokja Officials) (X2), Standards Used (Especially UKPBJ and Working group procurement of goods and services/Pokja Officials) (X3).

In recent years, artificial intelligence has become an inevitable player in the field of development and international competition. Artificial intelligence (AI) has made moves across all industries, and marine aquaculture as one of the pillars of the blue economy of high production growth is no exception. The integration of artificial intelligence into marine aquaculture management and conservation is revolutionizing the intensification and expansion of sustainable aquaculture production systems. AI-powered systems help aquaculturists optimize their operations, production and management of marine aquaculture farms, develop innovative applications for monitoring, control and prediction of marine ecosystems, and to reduce waste and minimize their environmental impact. The adoption of AI technologies in aquaculture will be essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of the industry and the health of our oceans. Overall, AI is proving to be an essential tool for optimizing aquaculture development plans and conservation strategies for marine ecosystems. By providing early warning of environmental changes, identifying and protecting threatened species, and monitoring water quality, AI helps ensure that marine ecosystems remain healthy and vibrant.

This study aims to examine the results of implementing strategies in developing tourism after the Covid-19 pandemic in Sibolga City. In previous studies, a model of tourism development strategy after the Covid-19 pandemic in the Lake Toba Region has been examined using the theory of the basic components of tourism consisting of tourist objects and attractions, accommodation, transportation / tourist transportation, tourist facilities and facilities, and tourism infrastructure (promotion, marketing and policy). Lake Toba and Sibolga are marine tourism destinations. This research applies the tourism development strategy found in previous research to Sibolga City. After the implementation, an evaluation was carried out through the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) questionnaire method, the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method and also interviews with tourists and tourism stakeholders involved in Sibolga City tourism. The results obtained from the calculation of the CSI value are 68.57%, in the range of 0.66% – 0.80%. The meaning of this value is that tourists are satisfied with the attributes measured by their satisfaction level. The average conformity score is 83.46%, meaning that the performance achieved and the importance of attributes according to travellers have shown excellent results. Through the FGD, it can be seen that the implementation of tourism development strategies from previous research in the Lake Toba Area is also appropriate