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Introduction: Migration of implants into the maxillary sinus is an implant complication reported in reviews and case reports. The aim of this clinical report is to present a case of migration of an implant into the maxillary sinus and the following surgical and prosthetic management with regard to the international literature. Observation : A 63-year-old woman consulted at Montpellier's Oral Surgery Department with a migrated dental implant in the left maxillary sinus. Several procedures were carried out to remove the implant using a sinus lateral approach then to achieve surgical and prosthetic rehabilitation. Discussion: As often reported in the literature, this projection occurred in the case of an unsuitable surgical technique or insufficient preoperative radiographic analysis. Two surgical options are possible to manage this kind of complication. The choice of removing the implant or therapeutic abstention should be based in particular upon the clinical symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Geographic tongue is usually an asymptomatic disorder. There is no symptomatic treatment evaluated with clinical trials. Our objective was to evaluate the efficiency of tacrolimus in painful Geographic Tongue (GT). Methods: A retrospective descriptive cohort study was performed in the Department of Odontology PQR at the CHU in Bordeaux from January 2012 to November 2013. Patients with painful GT were treated with 0.1% tacrolimus (Protopic) topically twice a day for one month. The primary endpoint was the evaluation of pain with a numerical pain scale (NPS) from 0 to 10 the first day and one month later. The secondary endpoints were the improvement of the quality of life and of eating . Results: Thirty-one patients with GT consulted during the period studied. Seventeen had a burned tongue sensation, five patients presented primitive glossodynia and twelve had painful GT. Ten patients were treated with tacrolimus topically. The average value of the NPS was 5,9 (+/- 1.87) at the first consultation. The GT lesions were present in all cases. Eating difficulties or a burned tongue sensation were described by patients. The evaluation one month after the prescription of Protopic showed a significant improvement of the NPS, with an average of 1,6 (+/-1.5) (t-test, p<0.001%). An improvement of the quality of life was noted for all patients. No serious adverse events were reported except esophagus pain for three patients. Conclusions: The utilization of topical tacrolimus seems to be efficient and well-tolerated in painful GT. However, randomized trials versus placebo are necessary to conclude with certitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Primary malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (MNHL) is a very uncommon lesion of the jaws and the oral cavity. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, a survey of 18 cases of MNHL was performed. The clinical presentation, histological subtype, mode of treatment and long-term prognosis were assessed. Results: Many subtypes of MNHL were noted in this survey; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most frequent subtype. One of the greatest difficulties for the diagnosis was the wide clinical variability of the symptoms without any pathognomonic features. The standard treatment protocol associated chemotherapy with radiotherapy. Discussion: Unless there is a prolonged delay in diagnosis, the prognosis is good thanks to adequate therapeutic protocols. The main and crucial point is the earliest possible detection in patients by oral surgeons and dentists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tooth extraction as a part of dental care provides an opportunity to obtain dental pulp stem cells that could constitute new therapeutic tools for craniofacial bone and teeth repair. However, the use of tooth as a biological sample of human origin must comply with legislation and ethical rules., Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using Medline, Réseau Rodin, EM-Premium, Légifrance, and the Comité consultatif national d'éthique and Comité national odontologique d'éthique websites., Results: A total of 32 articles were included. This review of the literature on ethical issues identified the principles allowing research to be conducted in the context of dental care, while respecting the patient's autonomy and dignity., Conclusion: The patient must receive clear and accurate information and must give his/her consent before using a tooth for research purposes. However, a number of problems remain unresolved. This study explains how patient information and consent in the context of biomedical research must remain an integral part of dental care based on an ethical relationship.

Practicing evidence-based orthodontics means offering patients treatment, which complies with scientifically-established data. However, how can we assess what science has determined to be certain given the confusing welter of information made available to us? The search for proof is a process, which requires knowledge of clinical methodology. It aims to set up a hierarchical classification of scientific and clinical studies and to assess their validity. By taking into account these different levels of proof, clinicians are in a position to make informed decisions regarding their clinical procedures and are thus empowered to take control of their learning process and the development of their skills., (Copyright © 2010 CEO. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Development and growth of odontogenic tumours depend on impairment of numerous genes and molecules. In recent years, most of the genes involved in dental development were identified. This produced a new basis for the study of oral pathology and maxillofacial carcinogenesis. A better understanding of these molecular phenomena should allow to better determine the evolution of such lesions. Research breakthroughs should facilitate the development of new molecular and genetic therapeutic perspectives.

A 3D cephalometric analysis method from scanner acquisition has been developed thanks to a long collaboration between Dr Treil and the Department of Orthodontics in Toulouse III University. It allows a perfect knowledge of maxillo-facial architecture using fourteen landmarks related to the neuromatricial axis of facial growth. These landmarks can be identified without ambiguity. The marking of each tooth relative to dental arches (gravity centre coordinates and torque and tipping of each tooth), and the location of arches relative to maxillo-facial frame are given by the analysis. Description and reconstruction of dental and maxillo-facial anatomy are possible with three levels: maxillo-facial frame, maxillar and mandibular bases and dentoalveolar level. The method not only gives more precise information than conventional cephalometrics in anteroposterior and vertical directions, but it allows transversal analysis and asymmetry measurement. Applications are numerous in research as well as in clinical medicine: analyses of cases border line surgery, surgical set-up, facial asymmetry, analysis of dentoalveolar compensations, definition of therapeutic aims, occlusal analysis and set-up, study of evolution in anthropology-primatology, study of growth etc. This method of description using a pattern of landmarks is perfectly adapted to the last developments of modern research techniques: morphometric geometry with Procustes superimpositions, EDMA, TPS, FEM.

Faced to an abundant literature and to various clinical situations, practitioners are nowadays invited to implement an evidence based approach. This methodology, initially developed in Canada in the 80's, is getting widely used and is perfectly suited for Orthodontics and particularly for the evaluation of interceptive treatments. It is defined as the conscentious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. This approach, which requires four different steps, will initially be presented. A methodological guide that allows to grade the evidence among different research protocols, will then be introduced. At the top of the hierarchy, randomized clinical trials have shown to be the best tools available to evaluate treatment efficiency. Different research designs are finally put forward to evaluate interceptive treatments.

In the orthodontic literature, randomized clinical trials are used to establish standards for the comparison of different clinical approaches. The balancing effect produced in a randomized study makes it possible to attribute the differences in results achieved clearly to treatment and not to variations in the biological characteristics of the patients involved. Recently, most randomized studies in orthodontics have been devoted to testing the hypothesis that some orthodontic appliances exert orthopedic effects that modify dento-facial growth. The authors propose definitions of "orthopedic effects" and of "dento-alveolar changes" and discuss the difficulties encountered in measuring them. They also review clinical studies published over the past 10 years on the correction of Class II malocclusions, on the problems of expansion and also report on Class IIl disorders. In addition they assess the problems associated with these clinical studies such as the ethical requirement of assuring that control groups receive treatment as appropriate for their maladies as that delivered to patients under study, the high cost of carrying them out, the relatively long delay before results can be evaluated, the difficulties of measuring all the different parameters involved, and the need to assemble large enough samples. To sum up, one can conclude that, because of all these impediments, randomized clinical studies have not as yet delivered the hope for benefit of collecting enough "evidence based" information for the orthodontic profession to deliver better treatment to its patients.

Background: Despite excellent general health indices, Quebec is in a difficult situation concerning oral health: tooth loss remains at a high level in adults and reveals important social inequalities. The objective of this research was to show that dental health inequalities reflect inequalities in the demand for dental care., Methods: For the Dental Health Survey of Quebec 1998-1999, 9930 parents of children aged 5 to 8 years were randomly selected across Quebec and received a questionnaire at their home on the demand for dental care. Among them, 8430 adults completed and sent back the questionnaire (responses rate: 85%). After excluding edentulous persons, the sample was reduced to 6585 parents aged 30 to 44 years., Results: The majority of respondents (76.4% of women and 72.8% of men) visit the dentist in a preventive manner rather than wait until dental problems occur. However, our study shows important disparities: the proportion of preventive attenders increases as income increases. A multiple logistic regression model suggests that there are financial as well as cultural barriers in dental care access., Conclusion: The proportion of preventive attenders is high in Quebec and allows practitioners to adopt a preventive management of dental caries. Social disparities are high however, and are associated with financial as well as cultural barriers that need to be reduced.

Actually, there's an evolution of the periodontal treatment. Non surgical therapy is the main way of treatment today. Surgery takes place generally after non surgical therapy and reevaluation. The aim of this work is to compare these two treatments in relation with clinical parameters, to indicate the best therapy for the patient.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of the dental aesthetic for the patients, the dental surgeon and the dental teachers by the study of the consultation reason, the complaints, the post-university congress program, the practical program of the dental students and the programs of the IADR congress. It appears that in odontology, patients ask strongly for aesthetic care, in consultation and litigation. The content of congress and professional literature shows that dental surgeons answer to that request. Only the practical teaching was a bit less but it was recently modify. The research workers are also very interesting for aesthetic care.

Unlabelled: A scientific journal reflects the dynamics of a specialty and should allow wide diffusion of clinical as well as fundamental research findings in order for all practitioners to keep up with changes in their specialty. These objectives are totally different from a journal designed to meet teaching objectives where general reviews, technical notes or clinical cases are in the forefront. The purpose of this work was to determine the current role of the Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale in an attempt to determine future perspectives., Material and Methods: A Medline research was conducted for the period 1998-2000 to ascertain what French papers in the field of stomatology and maxillo-facial surgery had been published in indexed international reviews devoted to the specialty or related areas. The results obtained were compared with articles submitted for publication in the Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale in 1999., Results: Nineteen French papers were published in indexed international journals. These papers included 10 original articles, 8 cases reports and one technical note. The 10 original articles issued from 8 different centers and the 19 papers from 12 centers. During 1999, 96 papers were submitted to the Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale for publication. Before acceptation, these papers included original articles (25%) case reports (45%) and technical notes or reviews (30%). In all, 18 original articles issuing from 10 different centers, the same centers that had published in the indexed international journals, were published., Discussion: Considering that the substance of a scientific review lies in the abundance of its original articles, whether the work reports fundamental or clinical research, but more particularly clinical research for a surgery review, one is obliged to observe that the volume of French publications produced annually is insufficient to fullfil the objectives of a truly scientific journal. The 45% submission rate of case reports is in line with this observation. The number of international publications clearly does not explain this situation since globally, over a 2.5 year period, the number of original articles published was to order of one-third of the number published in the Revue de Stomatologie et de Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale in the single year of 1999, and since the teams involved were the same.