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Após a derrocada do socialismo real, N. Bobbio, sem abdicar do ideal socialista, passou a defender os princípios do Estado liberal. O avanço do processo de democratização da sociedade civil (democracia integral) é a condição "sine qua non" da concretização do projeto de uma sociedade mais justa, que ele apela socialismo liberal. o único historicamente possível. Bobbio preconiza a realização deste novo projeto de sociedade por meio da lei e do Estado de Direito.

Resumo O termo “capital natural” teve sua origem atrelada à Economia; nos últimos anos, no entanto, discussões a seu respeito têm crescido na área de Contabilidade. Definido como o estoque de recursos naturais renováveis ou não renováveis, que se combinam para produzir um fluxo de benefícios para a sociedade e para os negócios, o capital natural fornece valor por meio dos seus serviços ecossistêmicos. Nesse caso, considerando que: o capital natural é derivado de recursos naturais que compõem o patrimônio natural, a combinação desses recursos contribui para que os negócios criem valor, e a participação da sociedade no valor gerado pelos negócios não é evidenciada pela contabilidade, o presente ensaio tem por objetivo propor a perspectiva teórica do shareholder invisível, tendo em vista a contribuição ainda não reconhecida da sociedade como fornecedora do capital natural aos negócios. Para tal, o estudo apresenta a relação entre o capital natural, os negócios e a sociedade, com base: nos aspectos associados a propriedade e controle, na contribuição do capital natural no processo de criação de valor dos negócios e nos elementos que envolvem a evidenciação dessa relação na contabilidade.

RESUMO Por meio de um esforço de monitoramento empírico, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar de que modo mecanismos institucionais do Estado brasileiro e recentes movimentos na sociedade afetam a trajetória de construção de uma dimensão pública mais plural no processo de formulação da política de defesa no Brasil. A caracterização da política de defesa como uma política pública sui generis sugere a pertinência de investigar o jogo político entre atores assimétricos que permeiam as tomadas de decisão. Por meio de análises da literatura acadêmica, de relatórios oficiais, do ordenamento jurídico e de entrevistas, este artigo argumenta que houve avanços na construção de uma dimensão pública para a defesa, embora a falta de institucionalidade e a baixa qualidade do diálogo façam que essa trajetória seja frágil e não linear.

O artigo evidencia relações entre a Educação escolar e a Educação Física com base em indicadores epistemológicos relacionados aos cuidados com o corpo em busca de saúde, presentes no final do século XIX e início do XX. O material empírico utilizado foi o periódico "Brazil-Medico", do período de 1887-1923. Este estudo tece reflexões sobre cuidados com a saúde na Educação e aponta elementos sobre a sistematização da Educação Física, tendo como foco o método racional. Conclui-se que a Educação Física contribuiu com a interiorização de cuidados com o corpo em busca de saúde na Educação escolar, chamando a atenção para a vivacidade das crianças. A sistematização da Educação Física através do método racional contribuiu com o reconhecimento da existência da cultura física, das expressões do corpo, numa época em que prevalecia um ensino pautado na memorização e na imobilidade.

Many engineering problems require geometric modeling and mechanical simulation of structures. Through the structural models, engineers try to simulate the real behavior of these structures. It is important that a model contain all the necessary parameters that describe the structure and its behavior during its useful life. In the field of dynamics, one of the most used models is the shear-frame, in which the stiffness of the structure is given by the stiffness of the columns and the whole mass is concentrated in the floor levels, which are considered with infinite stiffness. In some cases, this simplification offers more conservative results, which can lead to considerable errors, especially in the case of natural frequencies. Knowing that the quality of a structural model depends on the simplifications considered, an experimental 3D steel frame, constructed to typify the dynamic behavior of a tall building, was tested with a data acquisition system and accelerometers, in order to obtain its natural frequencies. In addition, a numerical model was developed in order to ascertain the results. These values of natural frequencies are compared with an idealized shear-frame model obtained from the experimental model. This comparison allows a critical analysis of the numerical models that can be employed to represent the real dynamic behavior of structures. The aim of the investigation is to show the results of the modal analysis for each model, comparing them with the experimental results and commenting their advantages and the limitations.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a metodologia e descrever os resultados do Atlas Lingüístico do Paraná – ALPR (AGUILERA, 1990), localizando-o em relação aos outros atlas brasileiros. Para levar a cabo este intento, apresentamos, inicialmente, as modificações, principalmente metodológicas, sofridas pela geolinguística rumo à descrição cada vez mais completa e profunda da variação linguística. São apresentados o modelo geolinguístico pluridimensional e contatual de Harald Thun (1998) e o Atlas Linguístico do Brasil – ALiB (CARDOSO et al., 2014), publicado em outubro de 2014. Fez-se também necessário descrever, ainda que brevemente, o método mais tradicional de pesquisa geolinguística, característico do ALPR, para depois voltar o texto propriamente para o atlas de Aguilera. Após discutir os critérios com que o ALPR foi construído, desde a escolha dos informantes até o tipo de cartas geolinguísticas que o compõem, bem como sua complementação pelo ALPR II (ALTINO, 2007), foi possível analisar seus resultados, relacionando-os com as hipóteses de trabalho da tese que lhe deu origem

This study is about the behavior of Brazilian Congress members, concerning education and health bills from 1988 to 1994. A 817-bills database was built in order to test three hypotheses: whether members of Congress tended to "concentrate" resources as opposed to "spreading" them, a rejected hypothesis; whether there was a connection between "resource-concentrating" action and ideological spectrum; region, both confirmed. The paper also highlights that most bills tended to be submitted in the early years of member's term; who would be the main beneficiaries of the bills, presenting a link political parties-benefited groups; and the low approval capacity of Brazilian Legislative, while a high veto activity from the Executive body.

It is well known that different triggering factors are related to landslides occurrence. However, in many cases, it is not possible to identify main factors that may contribute to start a landslide. Following that, lightning phenomena is herein considered as a possible factor that may promote changes in the structure, and eventually, in the strength of soils. The current study aims to analyse the influence of laboratory simulated lightning in the structure of undisturbed granite-gneiss residual soil samples. The main focus is to compare the peak strength of unsaturated samples that were not struck by replicated lightning with the peak strength of soil samples struck by replicated lightning. The methods used are: Soil sampling and physical characterization; unconfined compression strength tests on unsaturated undisturbed samples; submission of soil samples to replicated lightning; unconfined compression strength tests on samples struck by replicated lightning and micro tomography of samples submitted to lightning. As results, it is seem that lightning may cause a hole with irregular geometry inside the soil. Analysing the tests of the samples struck by laboratory simulated lightning, a peak strength reduction with the charge incidence was observed. Comparing the variation of soil matric suction on the peak strength of the soil that was not struck by replicated lightning with that of the soil struck by the higher charge of the replicated lightning, it is observed that the samples struck by high-voltage presents lower values of peak strength.

Este texto apresenta um estudo sobre a construção do tempo durante o processo genético da comunicação narrativa no prototexto de Meus verdes anos, de José Lins do Rego. A análise dos procedimentos de construção estrutural do discurso mostra que, ao desvendar os movimentos escriturais, a crítica genética contribui com os trabalhos da teoria literária.

O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver um texto teórico sobre o processo narrativo, tendo em vista a definição e a caracterização do narrador em construção, além da verificação de suas funções.

In the relevant literature concerning Agent Based Models (ABMs), there seems to be agreement that they may replace the rational agent model of neoclassical economics. The question is whether this new, realistic, and complex model requires an equally complex concept of the individual. We propose the application of three major concepts in the epistemology of social sciences to advance the discussion of the concept of the complex individual, namely: i) Popper’s situational analysis; ii) Simon’s bounded rationality; and iii) Myrdal’s concept of circular cumulative causation. We argument that these are promising starting points for an analysis of human behavior, complex individuals and ABMs.

This work aims to study the ecology of the knowledge proportionality on the curricular references from the state of Pernambuco (Brazil), in elementary school and in high school. Qualitative research of documents, which allows for the analyses of the institutional approach to the knowledge proportionality under the Anthropologic Theory of Didatics. Therefore, we have identified the existence of an institutional approach between the knowledge proportionality and the reference analyzed. We have found different places that constitute the habitats of this knowledge and have identified its activities on different niches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerando a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento (CID) como campo político cujas bases filosóficas - a crença no progresso, a esperança como tarefa política ou imperativo, o desenvolvimento como meta - alimentam relações de assimetria, hierarquia e dependência, são apresentados e discutidos, neste artigo, os resultados de uma pesquisa empírica realizada em Duque de Caxias (região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro) entre setembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2012, a fim de responder a duas perguntas principais: 1) o que revelam as práticas das agências internacionais atuantes no desenvolvimento local de Duque de Caxias? 2) o que o contexto local desse município da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro ilustra acerca das tendências analisadas pela literatura mais crítica sobre o papel da cooperação para o desenvolvimento? Valendo-se de autores críticos sobre o papel político das organizações da CID - B. Cooke, W. Easterley, A. Escobar, T. Hayter, G. Rist, entre outros - e, da pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, é descrito e analisado o modo de atuação das agências internacionais, sejam elas governamentais multilaterais ou bilaterais, empresas privadas, organizações filantrópicas ou associações, na definição e implementação de estratégias de desenvolvimento em Duque de Caxias. Conclui-se que as organizações internacionais raramente atuam no plano municipal de Duque de Caxias, limitando-se a agir mais indiretamente na concepção de projetos pontuais de apoio ao desenvolvimento e exercendo seu poder de influência sobre as agendas de políticas públicas de âmbito local.

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Introduction: Pakistan has the second highest prevalence of hepatitis C globally. The Musafir study, set up in 2018 in a Parisian suburb to understand the representations of hepatitis and HIV within the Urdu-speaking, male, migrant community living there, provided an opportunity to think about culturally acceptable health promotion interventions. These included awareness campaigns on hepatitis—which did not cover the question of HIV, considered taboo—, held in a mosque., Purpose of the Research: The aim of this article is to describe the implementation of awareness and testing campaigns within a Pakistani religious and cultural association., Method: A partnership with a Pakistani association that runs a place of worship enabled awareness and testing campaigns for hepatitis and HIV to be carried out, thanks to the involvement of the association’s managers and the imam., Results: Between February and June 2023, 113 people were tested during the five campaigns that were carried out. The population screened consisted almost exclusively of Urdu-speaking men. Anti-HCV antibodies were found in six people, three of whom had already recovered, and two people tested positive for HBV. No cases of HIV were detected., Conclusions: The prevalence of hepatitis C found was 5.3 percent, in line with the prevalence in Pakistan. This experiment highlighted the feasibility conditions of a partnership with a faith-based organization and offers ideas for developing this type of initiative in France.

As it is the case in other psychiatric disorders, etiopathogenic hypotheses of depression have chiefly been shaped by the fortuitous discovery of antidepressive drugs. Reciprocally, these hypotheses have largely influenced later innovation in therapeutic drugs. In this paper, we aimed to study the development of pharmacological treatments through the different neurobiological and molecular models proposed in depressive illness through the last half-century. We first started by the monoaminergic hypothesis who postulates the existence of a deficit in monoamine transmission (norepinephrine and serotonine). We also discuss of drugs involving other neurotransmitters than the classic monoamines. If this monoaminergic hypothesis has long provided a first level of explanation for the action of antidepressant drugs, limitations have been pointed out. In the last 15 years, another model for the study of depression has clearly emanated: the stress model of depression. A possible reason for the success of this new hypothesis is its ability to provide a satisfying framework to experimental studies, in man and in animal. In this new background, numerous molecular and cellular events have been observed under the influence of stress, and these injuries appear to reverse with antidepressants. It thus seems that antidepressant agents have the ability to opposite the impact of stress through molecular actions, which directly or indirectly influence neuroplasticity., (Copyright © 2010 L'Encéphale. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Kindling and behavioural sensitization were probably the first among the animal models of affective disorders, to suggest that genes-environment interactions were likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Cross-sensitization among stressors, drugs of abuse and illness episodes was deemed to be supported by the induction of a series of transcription factors, such as the proto-oncogene c-fos that subsequently alter gene expression by binding at DNA sites and inducing mRNAs for substances that may exert effects over long time periods. This was an anticipation of epigenetics which is currently defined as a functional modification to the DNA that does not involve an alteration of sequence. Epigenetic modifications are most commonly regulated by DNA methylation and histone acetylation which are usually associated with the silencing and activation of gene transcription, respectively. In animal models, it was shown that parents can actively remodel epigenetic marks, and thus affect patterns of gene expression in the offspring, whereas environmental adversity decreases parental investment in the offspring and thus alters phenotypic development. In line with this, some laboratories have sought to identify changes in gene expression in post mortem brain samples of humans with affective disorders. Finally, gene-environment interactions have been directly studied, both in animals and humans, by testing how a functional polymorphism in candidate genes would moderate the influence of stressful life events on behavioural expression. Interesting results have been found and replicated for unipolar depression, however date are scarce for bipolar disorder. Findings from these studies allow the building of more sophisticated models for unipolar and bipolar genetics., (Copyright © 2010 L'Encéphale. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Psychological therapies dedicated to bipolar patients have attracted major interest and many publications have been devoted to them in the last five years. The efficiency of Psychoeducation, Cognitive and behavioral therapy, Behavioral family therapy and Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy, have specially been focused on. These approaches share a common background of psychoeducation and are closely linked with the transnosographical model from Zubin and Spring as well as basic behavioral and cognitive technical requirements. All these therapies focus on medication adherence, regular lifestyle, early recognition of relapse and early pharmacologic intervention. There are some differences between advantages from each approach, but the overall effect is positive in enhancing medication adherence and preventing manic relapses, and also in preventing depressive episodes and improving quality of life. These robust and corroborating results should probably be integrated in future guidelines for the management of bipolar disorders., (Copyright © 2010 L'Encéphale. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

In newborn infant, cerebral infarction is often difficult to distinguish from cerebral hemorrhage, both pathologies being moreover frequently associated. We report a left anterior stroke in a fullterm newborn who had seizures on the third day of life. Ultrasound scanning showed a hyperechogenic zone in the territory of the left anterior cerebral artery. Pulsed and color Doppler imaging showed a decreased blood flow velocity in comparison to the opposite side, thus enabling the diagnosis.

Background: Noise constitutes a significant problem in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) because of its potential deleterious effects on the newborn patients and staff. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of noise in the NICU of Hospital S João, Oporto, in order to identify its origin and possibility of reducing it., Material and Methods: Measurements of noise were made for 24 hours, between 13 and 14 June 1994, in five different locations inside the NICU, using a slow time constant sonometer., Results: The surrounding noise level changed between 61 and 67 dB (A), with spikes over 100 dB (A)., Conclusions: Our results were similar to those previously reported in the literature. The following measures to reduce the level of noise were taken: 1) reduction of alarm sounds to minimal safe level; 2) replacement of doors; 3) instructions to visitors and staff.

Biopsy documented polyarteritis nodosa in a patient who initially presented with ocular involvement. Although uncomun, a wide variety of ocular manifestations can be seen in polyarteritis nodosa. In this case, bilateral choroidal vasculitis was documented, first in the left eye, and one year later, in the right eye. The condition appears to be an acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in the left eye. In the fellow eye, serpiginous choroiditis-like lesions were observed.

The author demonstrates the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the trophoblast. He also refers to their distribution within the cytosol and the nucleus, and also discusses their diversity in the various parts of the placenta. He did not detect any difference between placentas obtained from normal deliveries and those obtained after cesarean deliveries.