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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major neurodegenerative disorder, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, metabolic changes, cognitive impairment, and misfolding of tau protein and amyloid beta peptide (Aß). Several genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been discovered recently through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, the relationship between many loci and the likelihood of the occurrence of AD remains unexplained. In this study, we sought to identify variants of this pathogen on different continents using genome-based methodologies and bioinformatics. We found that the variant rs138799625, rs7412, rs61762319, and rs75932628 most likely to damage Alzheimer’s. In addition, these four variants appear to affect the expression of the atp8b4, APOE, MME and TREM2 genes in whole blood tissue. Our findings suggest that these genomic variants require further research for validation in functional studies and clinical trials in Alzheimer’s patients. We conclude that the integration of genome-based databases and bioinformatics can improve our understanding of disease susceptibility, including Alzheimer’s.

La universalización y democratización de diversas geotecnologías, sumada a la creación y consumo de grandes cantidades de geodatos, ha generado un impulso para lograr soluciones tecnológicas que satisfagan las nuevas necesidades surgidas. El debate actual se centra en la disyuntiva de la continuidad de operar con sistemas tradicionales, o bien apostar por el surgimiento y consolidación de nuevas tecnologías, como es el caso del Big Data. A todo ello se suma la necesidad de evaluar y analizar el encaje de los SIG, herramienta fundamental del geógrafo en estos nuevos planteamientos. Dentro de todo este complejo universo, se tomará como ejemplo la transición que se está produciendo en el campo de las bases de datos, verdadero corazón de un SIG. Tradicionalmente se ha venido empleando modelos relacionales, que están actualmente en pugna con opciones más novedosas, entre las que destaca el ya citado Big Data, con una potente irrupción en el mundo geográfico, y con un gran peso fuera de él. A través de una revisión crítica, realizada de forma empírica, mediante el desarrollo de una matriz multicriterio y de la aplicación de un análisis DAFO, con este trabajo se pretenden evaluar las opciones tecnológicas, actuales y futuras, más adecuadas para dar respuesta a este nuevo paradigma. Abstract The universalization and democratization of diverse geotechnologies, added to the creation and consumption of large amounts of geodata, has generated an impulse to achieve technological solutions that meet the new needs that have arisen. The current debate focuses on the dilemma of the continuity of operating with traditional systems, or betting on the emergence and consolidation of new technologies, such as Big Data. To all this is added the need to evaluate and analyze the fit of GIS, a fundamental tool of the geographer in these new approaches. Within this complex universe, we will take as an example the transition that is taking place in the field of databases, the true heart of a GIS. Traditionally they have been using relational models, which are currently in conflict with newer options, among which the Big Data stands out, with a strong irruption in the geographical world, and with a great weight outside it. Through a critical review, conducted empirically, through the development of a multicriteria matrix and the application of a SWOT analysis, this paper aims to evaluate the technological options, current and future, more appropriate to respond to this new paradigm.

Quality is a requirement of the 21st century, ranging from education to construction. Hence, this paper aims to treat in a theoretical but especially in an applied manner the set of concepts which lead to the achievement of quality in construction.

Methodological reproducibility refers to the ability to reproduce exactly the same results by reproducing the same study protocol on the same data. The aim of this study was to assess the methodological reproducibility of studies published in the Revue d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique between 2008 and 2017 and using data from the national health data system. Our results suggest that only 49% of the studies could be replicated without the help of the authors. The results may reveal a lack of concern about the purpose of public health research. It is difficult to attribute responsibility for this default of reproducibility solely to researchers, so we hypothesize an instituted ethical misconduct., (© 2019 médecine/sciences – Inserm.)

Background: We aimed to describe and discuss the algorithms used to identify chronic inflammatory rheumatisms and psoriasis in medico-administrative databases., Methods: We performed a literature review on the Medline database of articles published up to 31 January 2018. Our inclusion criteria were: original articles using medico-administrative databases in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) and concerning rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or psoriatic arthritis (PsoA) or Psoriasis (Pso). Our exclusion criteria were: letters to the editor, commentaries on published articles, studies using codes other than those of the ICD or a previous version., Results: Out of the 590 articles identified, 37 studies were included. Concerning RA (n=10), all studies used the M05 code, associated with the M06 code in six studies. The remaining four studies specifically targeted codes M06.0, M06.2, M06.3, M06.8, M06.9, and two of them also used code M12.3. For AS (n=8), 7 studies used the M45 code, while only one study used M45.9, M46.1 or M46.8. For Pso (n=17), all studies used the L40 code and/or at least two dispensations of vitamin D. Concerning PsoA (n=13), all studies used the same codes: M07.0, M07.1, M07.2, M07.3., Conclusion: We recommend using codes M05 and M06 rather than M06.1 and M06.4 for RA, M45 for AS, the algorithm L40 and/or two dispensations of topical vitamin D for psoriasis, and codes M070 to M073 to identify PsoA patients in medico-administrative databases., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

This study investigates the automatic creation of column-oriented NoSQL databases in Big Data environments and their impact on energy consumption. Traditional row-oriented databases face limitations in handling large volumes of data, resulting in slower query response times and energy inefficiencies. In contrast, column-oriented NoSQL databases store data in columns, enabling efficient compression, retrieval, and query processing. Innovative techniques are employed to automatically create these databases, optimizing performance and minimizing manual intervention. Storing data in a columnar format reduces storage requirements and power consumption while improving data locality and reducing I/O operations. This study emphasizes the benefits of adopting column-oriented NoSQL databases, including improved performance, scalability, and energy efficiency in Big Data environments.

Russia holds massive biodiversity data accumulated in botanical and zoological collections, literature publications, annual reports of natural reserves, nature conservation, and monitoring study project reports. While some data have been digitized and organized in databases or spreadsheets, most of the biodiversity data in Russia remain dormant and digitally inaccessible. Concepts of open access to research data is spreading, and the lack of data publishing tradition and of use of data standards remain prominent. A national biodiversity information system is lacking and most of the biodiversity data are not available or the available data are not consolidated. As a result, Russian biodiversity data remain fragmented and inaccessible for researchers. The majority of Russian biodiversity databases do not have web interfaces and are accessible only to a limited numbers of researchers. The main reason for lack of access to these resources relates to the fact that the databases have previously been developed only as a local resource. In addition, many sources have previously been developed in the desktop database environments mainly using MS Access and, in some cases, earlier DBMS for DOS, i.e., file-server system, which does not have the functionality to create access to records through a web interface. Among the databases with a web interface, a few information systems have interactive maps with the species occurrence data and systems allowing registered users to upload data. It is important to note that the conceptual structures of these databases were created without taking into account modern standards of the Darwin Core; furthermore, some data sources were developed prior to the first work version of the Darwin Core release in 2001. Despite the complexity and size of the biodiversity data landscape in Russia, the interest in publishing data through international biodiversity portals is increasing among Russian researchers. Since 2014, institutional data publishers in Russia have published about 140 000 species occurrences through gbif.org. The increase in data publishing activity calls for the creation of a GBIF node in Russia, aiming to support Russian biodiversity experts in international data work.

Background: The public health burden resulting from infectious diseases requires efforts in surveillance and evaluation of health care. The use of administrative health databases (AHD) and in particular the French national health insurance database (SNIIRAM) is an opportunity to improve knowledge in this field. The SNIIRAM data network (REDSIAM) workshop dedicated to infectious diseases conducted a narrative literature review of studies using French AHD. From the results, benefits and limits of these new tools in the field of infectious diseases are presented., Methods: Publications identified by the members of the workgroup were collected using an analytical framework that documented the pathology of interest, the aim of the study, the goal of the developed algorithm, the kind of data, the study period, and the presence of an evaluation or a discussion of the performance of the performed algorithm., Results: Fifty-five articles were identified. A majority focused on the field of vaccination coverage and joint infections. Excluding vaccine coverage field, the aim of 28 studies was epidemiological surveillance. Twenty-six studies used hospital databases exclusively, 18 used ambulatory databases exclusively and 4 used both. Validation or discussion of the performed algorithm was present in 18 studies., Conclusions: The literature review confirmed the interest of the French AHD in the infectious diseases field. The AHD are additional tools of the existing surveillance systems and their use will probably be more frequent in the coming years given their advantage and reliability. However, incoming users need to be assisted. Thus, the workgroup will contribute to a reasonable use of AHD and support future developments., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The identification of mineral supply sources and trade routes are at the heart of the archaeological issues. The tracing of sources of metal production via lead isotopy has been used since the 1980s to identify the deposits from which the metal constituting the archaeological objects came. Such studies are based on mineral signature repositories and archaeologists have thus built up databases containing thousands of ore deposit analyses. The databases, however, only very rarely include geological information and are limited to geographic information. But considering only geographical data leads to many limitations of studies, including the overlapping of signatures between remote regions. This problem could nevertheless be circumvented by taking into account precise ore deposit data that enables to think in terms of restricted mineralized subsets. We illustrate this through the example of data collected in the Alps by Marcoux (1986) and Nimis et al. (2012). Taking into account geological data (and more specifically, gitological data) could thus considerably improve the accuracy of provenance interpretations and enable multivariate statistical processing to be carried out (these statistical treatments are inconclusive if they are carried out on purely geographical data). However, remains the problem of the thousands of ore analyses carried out without having defined their mineralization context. Although still imperfect (some contexts are not individualized), the use of a statistical treatment could nevertheless be used to identify the gitological contexts.

Both relational databases (RDBs) and XML have strengths and weaknesses as data storage and modeling systems. Most researchers working with historical and literary data in the humanities would argue for the superiority of XML, since it allows unlimited nesting, linking, and complexity. Relational database proponents claim superior querying and processing speed, although recent advances in XML languages and tools have eroded that advantage. Nevertheless, RDBs remain popular and are widely used, particularly in the early stages of projects where resources and metadata are being collected, and projects may end up with both an RDB and an XML document collection. Programmers must then integrate these distinct forms of data when building project outputs. This article discusses the Digital Victorian Periodical Poetry (DVPP) project, where metadata on about 15,000 poems from nineteenth-century periodicals is captured in a MySQL database, and periodically exported to create a TEI file for each poem. Many of the poems are then transcribed and encoded. The canonical source of metadata is the RDB, while the canonical source of textual data is the TEI file. Metadata in the TEI files must be periodically updated from the RDB, without disturbing the textual encoding. Changes to the RDB data may result in changes to the id and filename of the related TEI file, so any existing TEI data is migrated to a new file, and the Subversion repository must be appropriately updated. All of this is done with XSLT and Ant.

Drug discovery is in constant need of new molecules to develop drugs addressing unmet medical needs. To assess the chemical space available for drug design, our group investigates the generated databases (GDBs) listing all possible organic molecules up to a defined size, the largest of which is GDB-17 featuring 166.4 billion molecules up to 17 non-hydrogen atoms. While known drugs and bioactive compounds are mostly aromatic and planar, the GDBs contain a plethora of non-aromatic 3D-shaped molecules, which are very useful for drug discovery since they generally have more desirable absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties. Here we review GDB enumeration methods and the selection and synthesis of GDB molecules as modulators of ion channels. We summarize the constitution of GDB subsets focusing on fragments (FDB17), medicinal chemistry (GDBMedChem) and ChEMBL-like molecules (GDBChEMBL), and the ring system database GDB4c as a rich source of novel 3D-shaped chiral molecules containing quaternary centers, such as the recently reported trinorbornane.

In a randomized study in a teaching context at the university of Lyon, France, we sought to measure the impact of scientific data interpretation on prescription intentions. Two different methodological approaches were used to interpret identical the same scientific data in the context of neuropathic pain treatment and influenced the prescription intentions of general practice residents. This example illustrates the evidence-based medicine approach with prescription of drugs even if the low level of evidence in the two presented vignettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Data on asthma prevalence at a small-area level would be useful to set up and monitor French local public health policies. This study, based on drug reimbursement databases in southeastern France, aimed to (1) compare asthma-like disorders prevalence estimated by using three different indicators; (2) study sociodemographic characteristics associated with these indicators; (3) verify whether these indicators are equivalent to study geographical disparities of the asthma-like disorders prevalence at a small-area level., Methods: The study was conducted among the beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance Fund aged 18-44 years residing in southeastern France in 2010 (n=1,371,816). Using data on asthma drugs reimbursements (therapeutic class R03), we built three indicators to assess asthma-like disorders prevalence: at least 1, 2 or 3 purchase(s) in 2010. We analyzed sociodemographic characteristics associated with these indicators, and their geographical disparities at a small-area level using multilevel logistic regression models., Results: The crude asthma-like disorders prevalence varied between 2.6 % and 8.4 % depending on the indicator. It increased with age, was higher for women than for men, and among low-income people for all three indicators. We measured significant geographical disparities. Areas with high prevalence rates were the same regardless of the indicator., Conclusion: The indicators built in this study can be useful to identify high prevalence areas. They could contribute to launch discussion on environmental health issues at the local level., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

A prerequisite to any virtual screening is the definition of compound libraries to be screened. As we describe here, various sources are available. The selection of the proper library is usually project-dependent but at least as important as the screening method itself. This review details the main compound libraries that are available for virtual screening and guide the reader to the best possible selection according to its needs., (© 2014 médecine/sciences – Inserm.)

Risk management is becoming increasingly more complex. Risk assessment, approached quantitatively, requires a factual database to define the likelihood of adverse health effects of workplace-related injuries and exposures, and it attempts to balance scientific knowledge with concerns of staff, investigators and administration. Practical guidance should be provided for Romanian coal mining companies to make progress in risk assessment process. Guidance is given on how to effectively introduce quantitative risk assessment in mining industry, the main goal being to highlight that the most valuable resource remains experience gained by effectively performing the process. Analyzing how various parameters are described/used, the paper aims to establish the place and role of quantitative risk analysis mining. Possibilities of developing safety/reliability database in coal mining are investigated. The block diagram describing the conceptual structure of a database on failures, safety of equipment and workers in the mining industry was developed. Because mining relies heavily on complex technologies - permanent mining facilities and large mobile equipment and support services - often located in isolated and hostile environments, the implementation of quantitative risk analysis and the development of a realistic database could be considered as a resilience business strategy and conversion of available knowledge into management actions.

The aim of this paper is to present the potential which could be offered by managing databases in direct marketing through gathering the information that could offer the shortest and efficient way to the clients needs. The paper includes the necessary steps to make this activity a real success

Databases have been always the most important topic in the study of information systems, and an indispensable tool in all information management systems. However, the extraction of information stored in these databases is generally carried out using queries expressed in a computer language, such as SQL (Structured Query Language). This generally has the effect of limiting the number of potential users, in particular non-expert database users who must know the database structure to write such requests. One solution to this problem is to use Natural Language Interface (NLI), to communicate with the database, which is the easiest way to get information. So, the appearance of Natural Language Interfaces for Databases (NLIDB) is becoming a real need and an ambitious goal to translate the user’s query given in Natural Language (NL) into the corresponding one in Database Query Language (DBQL). This article provides an overview of the state of the art of Natural Language Interfaces as well as their architecture. Also, it summarizes the main recent advances on the task of Natural Language Interfaces for databases.

This article is devoted to the creation of complex electronic maps of agriculture and agro-geo databases on the basis of geoformation systems (GIS) and technologies. Scientific and practical research on the mapping of the agricultural sector conducted by scientists from foreign countries, the Commonwealth of Independent States and Uzbekistan. Analyzing the research on the classification of agricultural maps, the classification of agricultural maps for the Republic of Uzbekistan is proposed. Content elements of maps covering agricultural sectors and infrastructure objects have been developed by studying topo geodesic, field research, statistical data and classification of agricultural maps. Analyzing the scientific and applied research work on the creation of maps of the studied area, a technological system for creating an electronic map of agriculture using GIS and technologies was developed. This technological system involves the initial data collection, software selection, thematic layer development, conditional character processing, printing, and other processes in creating an agricultural map. A technological system for creating an agro-geo databases has been developed using the proposed content elements, topographic and geodetic works, statistical data and the capabilities of GIS technologies. The agro-geo databases are a standard environment that can be integrated into computers, Internet networks and mobile devices, as well as manage, store and edit agricultural data using ArcGIS software.

Population-based epidemiological cohorts may include nowadays hundreds of thousands of subjects, followed-up during decades. France has a major potential strength: nationwide medical and social databases set up for administrative purposes. The main databases useful for epidemiology are the social security database which contains individual medical data from different sources, and the retirement fund database on employment and social benefits. These databases have several advantages: they cover the whole French population, with no lost to follow-up, data are often of good quality and it is possible to link them with individual surveys. However medical data are not always ascertained and an important methodological and practical work has to be done, and some legal and practical problems have to be solved for an optimal use., (© 2012 médecine/sciences – Inserm / SRMS.)

At the beginning of the article describes what restrictions caused the pandemic in 2020 caused by a new coronovirus infection the COVID-19. The article discusses the legitimacy of the processing of personal data using databases and programs, in particular, the problems of building, using and transmitting a database containing PD; storing PD in «cloud bases»; PD protection after database destruction. Comparative legal analysis of this institution in European and American legislation is carried out. In conclusion, it should be noted that the legislator understands the need to protect PD and is therefore taking appropriate measures to ensure the proper technical level of operators. At the end conclusions were drawn on this topic of the study.

IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system, was created in 1989 in Montpellier by the Laboratoire d'ImmunoGénétique Moléculaire (LIGM) headed by the Professors Marie-Paule and Gérard Lefranc (University Montpellier 2 and CNRS). IMGT is specialized in the sequences, structures and genetic data of the immunoglobulins (IG) or antibodies, T cell receptors (TR), major histocompatibilité complex (MHC), proteins of the IgSF and MhcSF superfamilies, and related proteins of the immune system. The data analysis and the standardization of the annotation are based on IMGT-ONTOLOGY, the first ontology in the domain. IMGT is to-day the international reference system in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics, used in fundamental, medical and biotechnological research and, in particular, in antibody -engineering and humanization.

Background: The development and use of healthcare databases accentuates the need for dedicated tools, including validated selection algorithms of cancer diseased patients. As part of the development of the French National Health Insurance System data network REDSIAM, the tumor taskforce established an inventory of national and internal published algorithms in the field of cancer. This work aims to facilitate the choice of a best-suited algorithm., Method: A non-systematic literature search was conducted for various cancers. Results are presented for lung, breast, colon, and rectum. Medline, Scopus, the French Database in Public Health, Google Scholar, and the summaries of the main French journals in oncology and public health were searched for publications until August 2016. An extraction grid adapted to oncology was constructed and used for the extraction process., Results: A total of 18 publications were selected for lung cancer, 18 for breast cancer, and 12 for colorectal cancer. Validation studies of algorithms are scarce. When information is available, the performance and choice of an algorithm are dependent on the context, purpose, and location of the planned study. Accounting for cancer disease specificity, the proposed extraction chart is more detailed than the generic chart developed for other REDSIAM taskforces, but remains easily usable in practice., Conclusions: This study illustrates the complexity of cancer detection through sole reliance on healthcare databases and the lack of validated algorithms specifically designed for this purpose. Studies that standardize and facilitate validation of these algorithms should be developed and promoted., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

A key aspect of the European STRATFEED project on developing and validating analytical methods to detect animal meal in feed was the creation of a samples bank. To manage the 2,500 samples that were stored in the samples bank, another important objective was to build a database and develop an Internet-based data explorer the STRATFEED explorer to enable all laboratories and manufacturers working in the feed sector to make use of the database. The concept developed for the STRATFEED project could be used for samples management in other projects and it is easily adapted to meet a variety of requirements. The STRATFEED explorer can now be run from the public website http://stratfeed.cra.wallonie.be. Each webpage of this application is described in a documentation file aimed at helping the user to explore the database.

The article is devoted to the problem of representing graphs in the form that is most suitable for their recording in relational databases and for subsequent efficient extracting and processing. The article analyzes various ways to describe graphs, such as adjacency and, incidence matrices, and adjacency lists. Each of them is reviewed from the point of view of their compliance with normal forms to assess the possibility of using a particular method when developing databases for storing graphs. It is shown that for such a task, each of these methods has a large number of disadvantages that lead to low efficiency of both data storing and processing. The article suggests the way to represent graphs in the form of a relational list of edges corresponding to the third normal form and allowing to eliminate the disadvantages of other methods.