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Repeat observations of four debris-flow fans in south-western British Columbia, Canada, were made using a UAV-lidar system. Detailed measurements of deposit thicknesses and volumes have been generated from the data. We present channel measurements and characteristics for one of the sites to demonstrate the utility of the repeat lidar scanning technique to provide insights into where avulsions occur during debris flows. Through continued monitoring, we plan to obtain greater detail on a wider variety of events and the characteristics of avulsion locations.

Abstract: At-Tawḥīdī’s 17th Night : Refutation of a Threatening Heresy, i.e. the Epistles of the Brethren in Purity. The 17th night of the Kitāb al-imtāʿ wa-l-muʾānasa written by Abū Ḥayyān at-Tawḥīdī can no longer be considered as a testimony on the authorship of the Rasāʾil Ikhwān aṣ-ṣafā, for the very epistles were already written around 307/920. Indeed, they were well-known in Andalusia in the West around the middle of the century, and among the Ismāʿīlīs in the East already at its beginning. Furthermore, we can demonstrate that their doctrine would be anachronistic out of the late third/ninth century. Then, the 17th night must be reinterpreted as the rebuttal of the Brethren in Purity’s views in a very structured manner employing different characters : the minister Ibn Saʿdān, al-Bukhārī, Zayd b. al-Rifāʿa, al-Maqdīsī, an-Nīsābūrī and al-Balkhī, in order to represent the different degrees of initiation and symbolize progression of the heresy.

o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar as motivações das escolhas profissionais de um grupo de adolescentes, bem como as intervenções do meio familiar nesse processo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa realizada com adolescentes concluintes do Ensino Técnico de Nível Médio cujos resultados mostram que dentre os motivos que levaram as adolescentes a realizar a escolha profissional destaca-se a realização pessoal, mas o retorno financeiro esteve bastante presente, principalmente, na perspectiva das orientações parentais. A despeito da variedade de novas carreiras no mercado, esse aspecto não sobrepôs às carreiras mais tradicionais na hora da decisão das adolescentes, contudo, a influência familiar foi decisiva nesse processo. Ademais, a formação técnica de nível médio, segundo as participantes, não garante um bom emprego, é necessário ter um curso superior que facilitará a inserção delas no mercado de trabalho. Esse resultado permite fazer duas considerações: a) a preferência pela profissão em nível superior sobrepõe à de nível médio; b) a escolha da carreira continua tendo influência do núcleo familiar mesmo quando os adolescentes afirmam o contrário.

Many young people do not know their HIV status in sub-Saharan Africa where it is estimated that only 10% of young men and 15% of young women know their HIV status. In a rural community in Cameroon, we present a collaborative project that has successfully nested HIV testing for youths into a youth life skills development programme run by youths themselves with support from various local government services and private organisations. We tested 2024 clients, including 1623 (80%) aged d"35 years, of whom 839 (51.7%) boys and 784 (49.3%) girls. The number of young people becoming aware of their HIV status for the first time was 1256 (77.4%). We urge HIV programmes to be inspired by this example that made it easier for more young people to know their HIV status.

This article focuses on two major political events ofthe first half of the 19th centyry, namely: The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 and the Chartist Movement (starting 1838). The aim of this research is to examine the hidden or less obvious messages that can be traced through these apparently self-explanatory texts. Thus, the first part of the article concentrares on the analysis of three texts, each reflecting a different stage in the elaboration of the final Poor Law Act of 1834. From the study of these extracts the "vested interests "of the classes in power at the time become more apparent.In the second half of the article, the same type of analysis is applied to Chartist Poetry, with the subsequent discovery of underlying polítical messages of hope and fu tu re victory directed to the working class readers.

Since Aboriginal rights have found protection within Canada’s Constitution, a new relationship has emerged between Canada’s Aboriginal Peoples and the Crown. This relationship is characterized by the need for “reconciliation.” In its growing jurisprudence, the Supreme Court of Canada applies reconciliation doctrine to several important Aboriginal claims. Each application, however, brings with it a restriction on Aboriginal rights. This paper argues that the Court’s conception of reconciliation is designed to facilitate the integration of Aboriginal peoples into larger society rather than to protect their collective interests. To demonstrate this argument, this paper examines the Supreme Court’s discussion of the doctrine of reconciliation from Sparrow (1990) to Little Salmon (2010).

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