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This article examines the methods used by the Covenanters who led the second Scottish Reformation. They sought to carry on the construction of a Church community, an ambitious scheme previously initiated by the Scottish Reformers, John Knox and Andrew Melville. The Covenanters were eager to build the Church community and to "purify" the Church and the society from any Catholic and Anglican influences. Nevertheless, the spiritual undertakings of the Covenanters were re-defined in the light of the complex relationships between the Church and State, both in England and in Scotland. Resistance, exclusion, assimilation and elements of uniformity of practice are symbols of the links between the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]