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Expansive soils are inherently known for exhibiting significant volumetric change in response to slight variation in the moisture content. In this study, medical waste material in the form of bottom ash (BA) was investigated as a potential stabilizer for expansive soil. The unique characteristics of BA, such as its cost-effectiveness and availability as a residue, establish it as a potent stabilizer for expansive soils compared to other alternatives. The locally collected expansive soil from Muscat was identified to be of poorly clay type with high plasticity (CH) based on the USCS, and A-6 according to AASHTO classification. The BA was obtained from the medical waste treatment plant of the Be’ah Company in Oman. Samples were prepared by treating the expansive soil with BA in percentages of 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% by mass. It was found that the pH level of the treated soil continued to reduce with increasing BA content, which was indicative of the reaction between the expansive soil and BA particles. The unconfined compression strength (UCS) test yielded a 57.63% increase over that of untreated expansive soil at 28 days of curing. Similarly, the California Bearing Ratios (CBR) of the treated soils were up to two times higher than the untreated soil, both in its unsoaked and soaked conditions. Based on the results of the UCS, CBR and linear shrinkage tests, the optimum quantity of BA required for treating the expansive soil was determined to 10%, beyond which no further enhancement in the UCS, CBR or shrinkage attributes of the soil was observed. Overall, the outcomes of this research highlight the potential of medical waste material, specifically bottom ash, as a sustainable stabilizer for expansive soil in construction applications.

Life cycle environmental assessment is essential in assessing system performance for sustainable ecosystem. This study presented the ecological effect of installation of renewable energy systems in site Doomadgee of Far North Queensland. The aim is to determine the ecological footprint of a renewable system in sustaining the ecology. The findings of the study indicate wind turbines with the highest impacts on climate change (1.45E+11 kg CO2 eq), acidification potential (3.82E+08 mol H+ eq), eutrophication potential (6.56E+04 kg P eq). PEM electrolyser has the highest impact in the Ozone depletion category (24.87 kg CFC11 eq). The lowest impact arises because of PEM electrolyser in all categories except ozone depletion where the lowest contribution (0.072 kg CFC11 eq) comes from a wind turbine.

The use of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to produce hydrogen from solar sources is an alluring potential address to the world’s energy and environmental problems. Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) is a potentially visible light response photoanode of PEC water splitting, but practical use remains a significant barrier due to its low charge carrier separation efficiency. To address this disadvantage, modifications to the morphology of CdS is necessary. Herein, fibrous silica cadmium sulfide (FSCdS) photoanode for PEC water splitting was synthesized using microemulsion method reported in this study. In this study, it will be focused on the effect of aging times which is 6 hours and 8 hours on the structure of FSCdS towards the PEC water splitting. The physicochemical and electrical properties of the photoanodes were investigated using XRD, UV-Vis DRS, FTIR and EIS Nyquist Plot. FSCdS-6H had a higher photocurrent density of 22.1 mA/cm2 at 1.23 VRHE and a higher solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 27.2% when compared to FSCdS-8H with 13.0 mA/cm2 and STH of 16.0%. This is due to the better crystallinity, higher Si-Cd-S interaction, and lower electron hole recombination rate of FSCdS-6H photoanode. Fabrication of fibrous silica-based photoanodes revealed significant insight for the creation of highperformance photoanodes for improved PEC water splitting performance.

This research explores the custom-made design of nanomaterial designs to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) framework nanocomposites. Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-modified nano-silica (PVP-SiO2) were deliberately consolidated into the PP matrix, illustrating improved scattering and interaction at the atomic level. Morphological examination uncovered a uniform dissemination of nanofillers, driving to upgrade mechanical properties. Tensile tests illustrated a dynamic increment in Young’s Modulus and Tensile Strength with higher concentrations of nanofillers, especially in definitions NC3 and NC4. Thermal analysis, counting differential checking calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), demonstrated hoisted glass move temperatures and upgraded warm solidness. Comparative execution with related works highlighted the special commitments of this ponder, emphasizing green activities, sustainability, and progressions in multifunctionality. The nanocomposites display promising results, with NC3 appearing with a Young’s Modulus of 2.5 GPa and Tensile Strength of 35 MPa, whereas NC4 accomplished a Young’s Modulus of 3.0 GPa and Tensile Quality of 40 MPa. These discoveries emphasize the potential of tailored nanomaterial models for creating high-performance and environmentally capable polymer network nanocomposites.

This research investigates the cutting edge of healthcare advancement through the applications and challenges of nanomaterials focused on sedate conveyance and therapeutics. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and liposomes were synthesized, characterized, and utilized as carriers for doxorubicin, illustrating remarkable medicate stacking capacities of 4.5% and 80.2%, individually. The discharge energy uncovered a Higuchi demonstration for AuNPs and first-order energy for liposomes, exhibiting custom-fitted medicate discharge profiles. In vitro studies illustrated critical cytotoxicity, with an IC50 of 12.3 µM for AuNPs in A549 cells and 8.7 µM for liposomes in MCF-7 cells. Cellular take-up rates of 35.6% and 50.2% advance asserted their adequacy. Moving to in vivo studies, the circulation half-life of AuNPs was 6.2 hours, whereas liposomes displayed a longer half-life of 8.5 hours. Bio distribution ponders illustrated particular aggregation within the tumor, coming to 4.8% ID/g for AuNPs and 6.2% ID/g for liposomes. Helpful results included tumor measure decrease and by and large survival rates of 75.4% for AuNPs and 82.7% for liposomes. Comparison with related works highlighted the competitive execution of the created nanomaterials, emphasizing their potential in progressing exactness medication. This research contributes to the advancing scene of nanomedicine, emphasizing personalized and maintainable healthcare arrangements.

The liver is the second-largest organ in our body which separates the nutrients and waste as they move through our biological process system and it additionally produces bile, a substance that carries toxins out of your body and aids in digestion. There are several myths associated with liver spread amongst masses. It is a vital necessity to make society devoid of such myths and aware of the real scenario. This review aimed to summarize the different facts and myths associated with health problems of liver and highlight the importance of food sustainability approach with the help of some case studies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using various databases between 2006 and 2022 that focused on the various facts and myths associated with liver related health issues. Myths create nothing but false notions and fear amongst people. Some case studies were summarized to clear all the conflict statements commonly related with liver diseases in the society. Myths like nothing other than water is considered a good beverage for the liver, but recent studies have proven that measured quantities of coffee and herbal tea intake is healthy for the body. Additionally, coffee has a protective effect on the organ liver. Similarly, hepatitis can spread through casual contacts. Although it is proven that hepatitis B, C and autoimmune hepatitis, do not spread on having casual contact or sharing food and drink. A substantial myth states that blood tests can detect problems associated with the liver, but doctors rarely suggest blood tests for liver functioning. This review is focused to resolve several myths associated with the liver which are often considered true by masses.

Modern economies are centered on electricity, which is also contributing to an increasing amount of energy services. As a result of increased household incomes, electrification of transport and rising demand for digital connected devices and air conditioning, there will be a rise in the need for energy. Residential electricity consumption in India has tripled over the past few decades with houses having access to uninterrupted power supply. This study is conducted in order to understand the determinants of electricity consumption such as income, family size, stock of electrical appliances, size of dwellings and their influence on consumer’s electricity consumption. It also seeks to examine if the consumers are willing to reduce their electricity consumption and are interested in shifting to renewable energy resources considering the costs involved in shifting to more sustainable energies. Due to the nature of power, which is invisible from the moment it was discovered, as well as consumer attitudes and behavior, saving electricity may appear to be a challenging undertaking. However, if the consumer acquires a basic understanding of what electricity is, how it is utilized, and, more significantly, how energy is wasted, the problem might become very simple. This will make consumers more aware of wasteful electricity use and perhaps encourage them to modify their daily consumption of electricity.

Dyes are widely used in different industrial dying purpose such as textiles, food, cosmetics and paper printing, Leather etc. Among those dyes, Methylene blue (MB) is the most common one which isused in various industries. Moreover, Tea is one of the most popular beverages and about 3.5 million tons of tea was consumed annually in the world (Kumar and al., 2005). In this study, Tea Waste (TW)has been used as an absorbent for the removal of MB. Varying experimental conditionsare tested at different ranges such asadsorbent dosage,pHandcontact time. Adsorption equilibrium of tea waste reached within 2 hours for methylene blue concentrations of 30ppmand pH value of 4. The efficiency of dye extraction increased with increasing time and the decreasing of pH value of adsorption. The maximum removal efficiency was found on the addition of 0.7gm doses. It removed maximum dye at pH4 in which removal efficiency was 97.87%. On the other hand, that the percentage of removal efficiency maximum when the testing time 120 min.The results revealed that tea waste appears as a very low-cost adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue.

Bilateral testicular injuries are rare. However, the incidence of these injuries has been increasing in wartime. We describe the case of gunshot wound of the both testicle caused by high velocity bullets. The patient was managed by surgical exploration, debridement and repaired of both testis using tunica vaginalis. During the follow up, the left testis was not viable and there was a need for orchiectomy; in a follow-up of 4 months, ultrasonography showed a viable right testis with minimal atrophic change and the patient reported to have normal erection with borderline hormonal function. We describe this case of bilateral testicular rupture, which repaired Using tunica vaginalis as graft, with attention to the management and outcome of this injury process.

The urinary bladder schwannoma is an extremely rare primary urologic tumor. Schwannoma arises from the Schwann´s cells in the nerve sheaths and is almost associated with von Recklinghausen´s disease. We report a case of schwannoma in a 35-year old female who presented with urinary frequency for 2 months with absence of evidence of von Recklinghausen disease and successfully treated with transurethral resection of bladder lesion (TUR_B). To the best of our knowledge, this represents only the 10th case of benign schwannoma of the urinary bladder in a patient without von Recklinghausen disease. We report a case of an isolated schwannoma of the urinary bladder, and also searched the English literature as we had access to bladder schwannoma.

The economic assessment of a sensible heat storage system, the Dual Media Thermocline (DMT), is estimated for an industrial application of waste heat storage on the range of temperature 80°C to 600°C. The DMT is a main component of the standard and modular system developed in the frame of the H2020 Smartrec project (GA n° 723838). Further, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the 1MWh Smartrec system is studied.

With the rapid development of information technology, programming has become a vital skill. An online judge system can be used as a programming education platform, where the daily activities of users and judges are used to generate useful learning objects (e.g., tasks, solution codes, evaluations). Intelligent software agents can utilize such objects to create an ecosystem. To implement such an ecosystem, a generic architecture that covers the whole lifecycle of data on the platform and the functionalities of an e-learning system should take into account the particularities of the online judge system. In this paper, an architecture that implements such an ecosystem based on an online judge system is proposed. The potential benefits and research challenges are discussed.

The present study demonstrates the effect of zirconium promotion on Fe-Zn-based catalysts to boost the active sites of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysts. The catalysts are also promoted by Cu and Ca and the active sites are examined using Temperature-Programmed Reduction (TPR) with H2 and CO and Temperature-Programmed Desorption (TPD) with NH3 and CO2. The results are presented as a comparative study between Fe-Zn- and Fe-Zn-Zr-based catalysts. The results show that addition of Zr to Fe-Zn catalysts increases the availability and dispersion of the precursor to the active sites and promotion with Cu and Ca independently and synergistically enhances reduction of Fe-Zn-Zr-based catalysts. The presence of Ca promotes carburisation, while Cu inhibits carburisation. The impact of the Ca and Cu on the surface acidity/basicity is governed by the nature of the interaction between the phases in the catalysts. The extent of reduction reflects the availability and dispersion of the precursor to the active phase, while the extent of carburisation will impact on the selectivity of the catalysts.

Saudi Arabia produces the largest amount of desalinated water as a single country. The desalinated water is typically blended with treated groundwater, pH adjusted and chlorinated prior to supply to the communities. The desalinated seawater and/or blended water contains various types of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), some of which may induce cancer risks to human through lifetime exposure. In this study, occurrences of trihalomethanes (THMs) in desalinated and blended water in Saudi Arabia were investigated and their exposure and risks were predicted. The chronic daily intakes of CHCl3, BDCM, DBCM and CHBr3 were estimated to be 8.38×10−5, 7.57×10−5, 2.54×10−5 and 4.32×10−4 mg/kg-day respectively. The overall cancer risk was 1.78×10−5 with the range of 7.40×10−7 – 9.26×10−5 and the average hazard index was 3.49×10−2 with the range of 1.20×10−3 – 2.34×10−1. The loss of disability adjusted life years (DALY) were estimated to be 25.1 per year and the average cancer risk had 8.48×10−7 DALY per person per year. The financial burden was estimated to be US$2.72 million with the range of US$2.52–2.91 million. The findings may assist in better understanding and reducing cancer risks from DBPs in desalinated and blended water.

Madura foot or mycetoma is a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by localized infection of subcutaneous tissues by actinomycetes or fungi. The inflammatory response can extend to the underlying bone. Mycetoma was described first in the mid 1800s and was initially called Madura foot. The infection can be caused by true fungi (eumycetoma) in 40%, or filamentous bacteria (actinomycetoma) in 60%.Actinomycetoma may be due to Actinomadura madurae, Actinomadura pelletieri, Streptomyces somaliensis, Nocardia species. The infection, which may remain latent for a time, forms small, subcutaneous swellings that enlarge, soften with pus, and break through the skin surface, with concurrent invasion of deeper tissues. Sulfonamide, iodide, and antibiotic therapy have been used against actinomycotic infections, but the fungi are more resistant to treatment. We reported a patient of madura foot from International Medical College Hospital, Tongi, Gazipur. A 82-years old male was admitted to the International medical college hospital with a 16 months history of swelling with multiple discharging sinuses filled with granules localized in his right foot. Pus was examined by gram staining and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Moderate number of filamentous branching gram positive bacilli were found . The organism was recognized as a member of the actinomyces genus. PAS staining did not reveal any other organism. The aggressive course and progression of the disease affected the short bones of the involved foot. The patient was diagnosed as a case of Madura foot and was treated in the same hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Cholera, a disease caused by Vibrio cholera O1 and O139 remains an important public health problem globally. In the last decade, Kenya has experienced a steady increase of cholera cases. In 2009 alone, 11,769 cases were reported to the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation. This study sought to describe the phenotypic characteristics of the isolated V. cholera isolates. METHODS: This was a laboratory based cross-sectional study that involved isolates from different cholera outbreaks. Seventy six Vibrio cholera O1 strains from different geographical areas were used to represent 2007 to 2010 cholera epidemics in Kenya, and were characterized by serotyping, biotyping, polymerase chain r(PCR), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping along with antimicrobial susceptibility testing. RESULTS: Seventy six Vibrio cholera O1 strains from different geographical areas were used to represent 2007 to 2010 cholera epidemics in Kenya. Serotype Inaba was dominant (88.2%) compared to Ogawa. The isolates showed varying levels of antibiotic resistance ranging from 100% susceptible to tetracycline, doxycycline, ofloxacin, azithromycin, norfloxacin and ceftriaxone to 100% resistant to furazolidone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin-B and streptomycin. The isolates were positive for ctxA, tcpA (El Tor), rtxC genes and were biotype El Tor variant harboring classical ctxB gene. All the isolates were classified as cholera toxin (CT) genotype 1 as they had mutation in the ctxB at positions 39 and 68. All the isolates had genetically similar NotI PFGE and BglI ribotype patterns. The absence of any observed variation is consistent with a clonal origin for all of the isolates. CONCLUSION: Kenya experienced cholera numerous outbreak from 2007-2010. The clinical Vibrio cholera O1 isolates from the recent cholera epidemic were serotypes Inaba and Ogawa, Inaba being the predominant serotype. The Vibrio cholera O1 strains were biotype El Tor variants that produce cholera toxin B (ctx B) of the classical type and were positive for ctxA, tcpA El Tor and rtxC genes.