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Understanding the critical role that knowledge and awareness of traffic laws and poor driving habits play in preventing traffic accidents, this study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of traffic regulations among drivers in India’s North Central Region. In order to accomplish the goals, a questionnaire was designed and sent to the people who utilize the roads. The primary findings revealed that a relatively small number of participants fully complied with speed regulations. Furthermore, the majority of participants used mobile phones while driving and drove while feeling drowsy. It is interesting to note that some of the participants lacked understanding of traffic signs, while a large percentage of participants were aware of improper driving habits. These behaviors may be the primary factors contributing to the high number of accidents that occur in the region. In light of the findings of this research, it is imperative that serious efforts be made to raise knowledge about road safety and ensure compliance with traffic rules. This study recommends boosting the participation of females on the roads since previous research has revealed that females have a high degree of understanding regarding traffic laws. In addition to this, the authorities need to step up their efforts to strictly enforce the restrictions.

In the Anthropocene Era, overpopulation presents a pressing environmental challenge. As humans take center stage as ecological actors, recognizing that previously unsustainable human-nonhuman relationships fall short of safeguarding the planet for future generations becomes clear. Dystopian literature is a powerful vehicle for contextualizing the potential environmental apocalypticism that could define our future – a world shaped by irreversible catastrophes and societies grappling desperately with adaptation. This paper delves into the recurring theme of overpopulation across three dystopian short stories: Kurt Vonnegut’s “2 B R 0 2 B,” James Graham Ballard’s “Billennium,” and Carrie Vaughn’s “Amaryllis.” In contrast to the idyllic realms of utopian literature, these narratives paint a stark picture of dread and despair in humanity’s struggle against dwindling resources. Through an ecocritical analysis, this study underscores the urgency of overpopulation as a looming threat in the near future, with its portrayal in dystopian literature serving as an unmistakable warning to safeguard against the end of a sustainable Earth.

The contemporary surge in economic growth often comes at the expense of future generations. This study delves into the multifaceted issues, problems, and challenges associated with environmental sustainability and the pursuit of sustainable economic development. It scrutinizes how a profit-driven capitalist production model frequently exploits natural resources for short-term gains, often at their full capacity. Achieving sustainable economic development necessitates the formulation and implementation of appropriate policies aligned with the United Nations' Millennium Goals. The study's objective was to re-examine the root causes of pollution while identifying the challenges and opportunities for… Analyzing the situation relied on secondary data from a variety of sources, including social media, academic journals, doctoral theses, print media, and webinars, utilizing a qualitative approach. Ultimately, the study proposes a recommendation: for economic development to be sustainable, it must safeguard existing natural resources, striking a balance between the needs of present and future generations.

This study delves into the ground-breaking applications of optical fiber grids for material analysis. In it, we look at the correlation between light intensity and temperature, analyze the material composition, and conduct a comprehensive examination into sensor calibration. Optical fiber grids are quite accurate in detecting changes in temperature and refractive index, as shown by the calibration results, which showed an outstanding average accuracy of 98%. The grids were able to distinguish between different materials with an average accuracy of 96%, according to the material composition research. The correct identification of a polymer sample with 45% polyethylene and 55% polypropylene demonstrated this. Also, the grids were able to properly react to changing temperatures since there was a strong linear relationship between light intensity and temperature (92 percent explanatory power). Taken together, the findings highlight optical fiber grids’ versatility and reliability, showing how they might revolutionize material research across several industries.

Quality education is the main focus of the fourth Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which specifies inclusivity in the learning process and improves the quality of students. Therefore, this research used a single subject design with an A-B-A design, engaging five 10th grade students who had low public speaking skills based on observations and guidance counselor reports. Data were collected through direct practice sessions and assessed using a public speaking practice evaluation sheet. The results showed that there was an improvement in the average scores of students’ public speaking practice from the baseline phase before intervention (A) to after intervention (A2). The average practice scores for each students during the baseline phase before intervention (A) were 38.33, 36.66, 34.3, 38.6, and 43.6. After the intervention (A2), the average scores increased to 74, 75, 69, 78.6, and 75.6. Based on these results, the introduction of behavioral counseling with modeling strategies effectively enhanced the public speaking skills of high school students. This method could help school counselors develop programs to enhance the public speaking skills of students.

Utility companies face a serious problem with energy metre manipulation, which can result in lost income, inaccurate invoicing, and safety issues. Maintaining fair billing practices and the integrity of energy distribution systems depend on the prompt detection of tampering incidents. Nevertheless, current detection techniques frequently fall short in terms of effectiveness and fail to promptly notify authorities. In order to overcome this difficulty, our research suggests a novel method for identifying energy metre tampering and sending pertinent data via wireless communication technologies. The principal objective is to create a dependable system that can precisely identify instances of tampering in real-time and send alerts to relevant authorities with ease. Our solution is carefully designed to fill in the research gaps by drawing on a thorough assessment of the literature on wireless communication protocols and tampering detection techniques. Our solution delivers accurate and quick detection of tampering situations by utilising complex wireless communication protocols, modern sensor technology, and sophisticated data processing algorithms. The system architecture combines a wireless communication module with tampering detection sensors to quickly transmit notifications to the relevant authorities. Extensive tests are carried out to verify the functionality of the system, assessing critical parameters including alert reliability, response speed, and detection accuracy. Our experimental results highlight the effectiveness and reliability of the suggested approach in real-time alerting authorities and identifying tampered energy metres. This study makes a substantial contribution to the field of energy metre tampering detection and emphasises the critical role that wireless communication technologies play in preserving the integrity and security of energy distribution networks. In conclusion, our study presents a novel method for identifying energy metre tampering and wirelessly communicating vital information to authorities. Our research establishes a new benchmark in energy metre tampering detection by providing improved accuracy, efficiency, and timeliness, which promotes increased resilience and security in energy distribution networks.

Greywater, a type of domestic wastewater, is a potential solution to global water shortages, which are expected to affect 2.7 billion people by 2025. Greywater is safer to handle and treat than black water, making it suitable for non-potable uses like toilet flushing and landscaping. It also promotes ecologically sustainable development by reducing freshwater extraction, energy use, and chemical pollution. The process of processing greywater involves considering factors like biological oxygen demand, surfactants, oil and grease, and detergent residues. This study was evaluated greywater’s physical and chemical parameters in accordance with Indian standards.

Necessity of a distribution model is to withstand the customer requirements for energies after gaining huge electricity from transmissions and substation networks. Many of the networks are implemented to match with the supplies reliability case.Switching, controlling and protection equipments are introduced to enhance the distribution systems performance. Most of the power quality improvement devices are introduced in power system network to deal with the issues which are takes place at either ends of the power system network. This work mainly focuses on 3ph-2bus model with RL-RC loads and conditioner device. The conditioner device introduced here is to enhance the system response interms of reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) levels, improved real-reactive coefficients with various load models.PQ analysis is done with both the load combinations to obtain the enriched response of a three phase two bus system.

In order to regulate photovoltaic systems (PV), this work suggests, implements, and validates yet another monstrous power point following (MPPT) approach. We look into the evolution and characteristics of a typical incline climbing based MPPT. Furthermore, the ease of use of the C-block in the MATLAB scripting environment makes it necessary to replicate the estimate and PV system using this block. In accordance with the regular slant climbing process, the provided fuzzy reasoning controller (FLC) takes into account the changing step-size incline climbing MPPT method and provides a prompt and cautious mix to the most outrageous powerpoint (MPP) under common and fluctuating barometrical conditions. While considering various settings for the sun- based enlightenment, the entertainment outcomes are provided to support the show and viability of the suggested controller.

This study aims to determine the contribution of green banking to integrated Sharia Maqasid- based performance and to reveal whether social performance with Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) disclosure strengthens the relation between green banking and integrated Sharia Maqasid-based performance. We evaluated the research model using the PLS algorithm and then carried out hypothesis testing. Then, using the purposive sampling method, 130 data were collected from 26 Sharia Banks, 9 Sharia Banks in Indonesia and 16 Sharia Banks in Malaysia, from 2018 to 2022. We find that Green Banking positively affects Integrated Maqasid Al-Shariah Performance Measures, and ISR hurts Integrated Maqasid Al-Shariah Performance Measures. Furthermore, the disclosure of ISR strengthens the effect of Green Banking on performance based on integrated Sharia Maqasid. However, no bank has a high score and fully meets the requirements for green banking, Islamic Social Reporting, and performance based on integrated Maqasid Sharia. Therefore, Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia need to maximize the expansion of green banking, Islamic Social Reporting, and performance based on integrated Sharia Maqasid

Indonesian investors are aware of the significance of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) concept in influencing the enduring success of organizations. This leads to the importance of studying investment decisions that consider ESG factors in investment decisions. This study investigates the dynamic relationship between demographic parameters, considered as control variables, and their potential contribution to the influence of the perception of sustainable investment and risk tolerance on ESG-considered investment decisions. This study employs a quantitative method by conducting a survey to retail investors in Indonesia. The findings indicate that these control variables do not have any influence. Significantly, perceptions of sustainable investment have been proven to influence ESG-considered investment decisions. Conversely, risk tolerance does not affect investment decisions considering environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. This study highlights the significance of customized investment strategies to cater to the varying preference of investors while also underlining the necessity of conducting more research on including ESG disclosures. Overall, it provides valuable insights into the intricate correlation between demographic characteristics and ESG investments in the IDX, emphasizing the pivotal influence of investors' perspectives on creating sustainable practices.

This study presents the analysis of the crystallization impact in four lime-based mortar mixtures in order to determine the extent of decay during salt crystallization, affected by the use of additives and change in microstructure. For this purpose, non-destructive micro-computed tomography was used to monitor salt crystallization in lime mortar cores. This technique allowed tracking of salt precipitation after accelerated weathering steps and further enabled the localization of damage due to salt crystallization in both time and space. Results indicate that the internal 3D microstructure of the lime mortars is greatly influenced by the type and the amount of additive used. Polyacrylic acid (PAA) acted as a superplasticizer and air entrainer in the mixture, resulting in the formation of larger air voids, which led to a decrease in compressive strength. Mobilization of salts within the mortar matrix was observed, causing accumulation and cracking of the mortar wall towards the end of the weathering experiment.

Increased industrial hazardous and biomedical waste poses serious dangers to human health and the environment as a result of economic development, raising standards of living, economic diversification, and the expansion of healthcare facilities. Paper, cardboard, plastic bags, and product rejects are among the hazardous and non-hazardous waste items produced by the plastic packaging sector for cosmetics. The main objective of this study is to manage waste effectively it is crucial to separate hazardous and non-hazardous garbage, recycle non-hazardous waste, and allow third parties to turn waste into goods. It is possible to turn hazardous waste into a valuable product that helps to environment and the economy. The study looks at many ways garbage may be used as a raw material and processed into goods as fuel.

The interaction between the environment and maternal health is critical to public health. It impacts the well-being of pregnant women globally. This paper investigates the connections between multiple environmental factors and their impact on maternal health, emphasizing the challenges and potential interventions. In diverse settings, ecological conditions shape maternal health outcomes. Factors such as air and water quality, sanitation, chemical exposure, nutritional food, and climate change play pivotal roles. The disparities in environmental exposures contribute to varying risks for pregnant women, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The detrimental effects of environmental pollution, inadequate sanitation, a rise in temperature, and limited access to healthcare services are explored concerning maternal health outcomes. Additionally, the abstract highlights the interconnectedness of socio-economic factors, cultural influences, and healthcare-seeking behaviour in shaping the impact of the environment on expectant mothers. Recognizing the complexity of these factors is essential for designing targeted interventions to improve maternal health in low-resource settings. The abstract concludes by advocating for comprehensive strategies encompassing healthcare improvements, environmental stewardship, and community empowerment to mitigate adverse environmental impacts on maternal health. Understanding and addressing these dynamics are crucial steps toward ensuring the well-being of mothers and promoting sustainable maternal healthcare practices.

The escalating urbanization and rapid traffic growth have accentuated the need for smart and efficient parking solutions. This paper explores the implementation of IoT technology to maximize the optimization of multi-storied parking facilities. The system that was proposed aims to enhance space utilization reduce congestion and improve the parking experience. It all begins by studying current challenges related to traditional parking structures including space utilization, limited accessibility, and huge waiting time. The system offers real-time data analysis by integrating IoT devices like sensors, data acquisition and communicating modules. It facilitates dynamic range space allocation for efficient utilization of allocated slots. For effectiveness, a prototype is developed and tested, where the results are described as a significant reduction rate in congestion and space utilization which further enhances user satisfaction. Using a lift and a DC motor for the movement of vehicles from one floor to another, the Installation of IoT technology enables the operators to manage and monitor the facility remotely, contributing to cost-effectiveness and operational efficiency.

The Self-Ironing Machine is an innovative solution designed to revolutionize fabric ironing on a small scale, catering to the increasing demand for portable and user-friendly ironing devices. It integrates intelligent features to enhance versatility, including a compact design housing essential elements such as a heating plate, a heating roller, and a temperature identification sensor, alongside specialized buttons for different fabric types. The project's objective was to develop a portable self-ironing machine that simplifies the ironing process while maintaining effectiveness.The machine utilizes a heating plate for precise heating and a weighted roller for consistent pressure application, ensuring optimal results. A standout feature is the integration of a temperature identification sensor, enabling customized ironing treatments tailored to specific fabric requirements. This streamlines the process and reduces the risk of damage to delicate fabrics. User interaction is intuitive with dedicated buttons catering to various fabric needs.Rigorous testing has demonstrated the machine's outstanding performance across different fabric types, highlighting its accuracy and adaptability. In conclusion, the Portable Self-Ironing Machine represents a significant advancement in fabric ironing technology. Its compact and efficient design, coupled with intelligent features, offers an enhanced user experience. With its ability to deliver precise and tailored ironing treatments, this machine stands as a game-changer in the realm of portable fabric care, addressing the needs of modern lifestyles and paving the way for future innovations in the field.

A record number of photovoltaic (PV) systems have been installed around the globe as a result of the shift towards renewable energy sources, especially solar electricity. But the problem of how to sustainably handle solar panels at the end of their lifecycle will inevitably arise with this increase. Using empirical data to provide light on important trends and consequences, this paper explores sustainable alternatives of recycling solar panel materials within the framework of a circular economy. The majority of solar panels are made of silicon, which accounts for 60% of their composition. Aluminum makes up 10%, glass is 20%, copper is 5%, plastic is 3%, and other materials make up 2%. The need for efficient waste management solutions became acute as yearly garbage output climbed from 1,000 tons to 1,250 tons during a five-year period. As far as recycling efficiency rates go, silicon was at 95%, then copper at 85%, glass at 90%, aluminum at 80%, plastics at 70%, and other materials at 60%. Plastics produced 700 tons, silicon 950 tons, aluminum 800 tons, copper 850 tons, glass 900 tons, and other materials 600 tons, all thanks to recycling efforts that overcame obstacles. Based on these results, it's clear that the solar energy industry needs more efficient use of resources and better recycling procedures. Solar energy may be ensured to remain a clean and sustainable source of energy for the long term by using technical advancements, regulatory assistance, and stakeholder engagement to speed the transition towards a circular economy model for solar panel materials.

The current paper focuses on the process of developing clean energy entrepreneurs to facilitate the abundant adoption of clean energy products in rural areas of South Odisha, India. Southern part of the state of Odisha, is characterized by its rich cultural and ecological diversity significance, and it faces the challenges of energy access which subsequently leads to slowing down the socio-economic development of the region. Background: The present study focuses on developing a framework on the role of clean energy entrepreneurs in adoption of clean energy technology or the clean energy products and also further it also focuses on design and development of a solar operated Agri-pesticide sprayer. Method: A case study method is used to, identify the major barriers to clean energy adoption in the rural regions of South Odisha and also explore the different entrepreneurial steps undertaken to overcome the challenges. Moreover, the paper also focuses on the collaborating efforts between the local entrepreneurs, government agencies, and various non-profit organizations so as to create a supportive ecosystem for achieving sustainable development. Results: The findings of the study aims to inform policy makers, Government, etc. that there is a need to collaborate in order to adopt clean energy products so that it will help in paving a way for achieving sustainable development.

This research investigates the efficacy of integrated Pest management (IPM) techniques in cucumber cultivation, focusing at the utilization of natural control strategies to reduce pest-associated losses and improve crop productivity. No matter the growing emphasis on biological strategies, their adoption remains limited because of several challenges, including market pressures, regulatory hurdles, and pest resistance. But, through promoting awareness, expertise, and collaboration among organic and IPM communities, barriers to adoption may be overcome. The study underscores the importance of monetary useful resource for natural control and advocates for its integration into sustainable crop protection practices. Through a comparative evaluation of IPM and non-IPM farming processes, the studies highlight the fee implications and profitability of implementing biological control measures in cucumber production. Findings reveal that even as IPM farmers incur higher initial expenses, they reap advanced internet returns and benefit-cost ratios in comparison to non-IPM counterparts, demonstrating the monetary viability and sustainability of IPM strategies in cucumber farming.

The elevated water tank comprises important structural elements which includes slabs, beams, columns, and footings, facilitating the transfer of loads amongst these contributors and subsequently to the subgrade of the soil. This paper goals is to comprehensively analyze the structural behaviours exhibited by elevated water tanks underneath various loading conditions. The behaviours of multiplied water tanks variety underneath various styles of loadings, inclusive of dead, live, and seismic loads, that are comprehensively analyzed. This paper primarily aims to conduct a hydrostatic evaluation of circular water tanks and emphasizes the necessity of a parametric study. To obtain this goal, 2, 2.5, and 3 lakh litters of tanks are being considered for the analysis which are all examined underneath area III seismic situations whilst keeping a normal height and varying diameters during the simulation. The examination focuses on carrying out a comparative evaluation of critical structural parameters, such as moment, maximum displacement, and maximum base shear. By means of analysing those parameters across various tank capacities, precious insights into the structural reaction of circular elevated water tanks under seismic loading conditions are gained. Those findings contribute to enhancing the design and overall performance of such structures, enhancing their resilience and protection in earthquake-susceptible regions.

This paper develops a new approach for controlling the frequency in a two-area power system using a fuzzy PI PD controller. Frequency stabilization is one of the important factors for any power system to operate efficiently and reliably. The fluctuating characteristics of RES, like solar PV and wind energy, due to changing atmospheric conditions, require additional reserves to compensate for fluctuations in generated power. With growing application of EVs and their charging requirement, charting huge loads may add to the power grid and lead to stability problems if not properly regulated. This paper coordinates EV charging into the secondary frequency regulation, aided by an enhanced fuzzy controller designed for dealing with fluctuating imbalances between electricity demand and generation. In this context, a control technique is suggested that incorporates the flexibility of fuzzy logic with the accurate PI and PD methods for control. The controller continuously monitors changes in frequency at each node in the power system network. The fuzzy logic works on uncertain input data in terms of prescribed linguistic variables and rules that allow it to achieve a reasoned output. The difference between the desired and actual frequencies alters the control variable through the PI component of the controller, while the PD component considers the rate of change of this error to make the system's response time better. The effectiveness of the fuzzy PI PD controller is proven through detailed simulation experiments under different operational conditions and disturbances. It can be rundown that the controller efficiently reduces these frequency deviations, which guarantees smooth and reliable operation of the two-area power system network. In addition, it can be seen that the controller has robust performance but is rather reactive to dynamical changes in system parameters. Case studies are included in the research to test the performance of the proposed control approach in reducing frequency deviations; simulation findings always prove its efficacy. This paper therefore presents a complex method of frequency regulation in power systems using fuzzy logic and combined PI PD control to deal with problems caused by RES integration and EV charging. The proposed technique enhances the frequency stability in order to enhance both the reliability and efficiency of power grid operations due to the ever-changing energy demands and conditions.

Delivery services have become nearly a cultural expectation with the spread of e-commerce and door delivery services. Nevertheless, carriage can be quite exhaustive and costly, primarily for multiple storey residences and businesses, applying conventional conventional delivery approaches. Delivery robots that can maneuver stairs are safety solutions for these issues. Using new technologies, these robots are designed to sense the environment and use mobile application software to help them climb stairs. They can also do much more than just deliver packages and can accommodate various sizes and weights of the packages involved. It will be essential to remember that stair-climbing delivery robots are the possible game-changers in e-commerce. These robots can be used to help cut on the delivery costs of the businesses, increase on the delivery efficiency and gain more satisfaction to the clients. Robotics has long been implemented in the automotive assiduity, but many other lines have realized the advantages of robotic automatization They can facilitate deliveries and allow customers to get them at a lower beak while having less of an effect on the environment.

Through a meta-heuristic framework, this study examines various wastewater treatment methods in detail and proposes a novel application of genetic algorithms (GAs) in plant optimization. ASM models are adapted to include ion speciation and pairing models, and microplastics (MPs) are challenged, indicating the need for further research. An integrated model accounts for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, and hydrogen, emphasizing pH’s crucial role in biological treatment processes by examining microbial growth rates and organic compound removal. By applying natural selection and evolutionary processes, GAs are investigated as an optimization tool for plants, improving gene sequence structures and, by extension, treatment processes. The importance of this is particularly evident when dealing with non-standard numerical solutions and algebraic calculations. A robust and adaptable wastewater treatment strategy that accommodates variable weather conditions is provided by the study, which illustrates GAs, their stopping conditions, and the selection process for fitness functions.

This study examines the dynamics between the cultivation of biotech plants and food protection on a global scale from 2012 to 2018 which will ensure sustainability in food. The use of facts from the worldwide food security Index (GFSI) and biotech crop cultivation regions, we analyze modifications in food security metrics alongside developments in biotech crop adoption across various international locations. Our findings reveal intriguing patterns, including extensive increases in biotech crop cultivation in Brazil and the United States, coinciding with terrific enhancements in GFSI scores in nations like Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina. Conversely, a few countries, such as Burkina Faso and Myanmar, exhibited high-quality shifts in GFSI despite stagnant biotech crop cultivation. Furthermore, simultaneous will increase or decreases in each biotech crop cultivation and GFSI rankings were observed in positive international locations, underscoring the complicated interaction between biotech crop adoption and food security effects. Moreover, we discuss the importance of considering food security at each national and household stages, highlighting the need for nuanced analyses of biotech crop contributions to general food security.

The purpose of the research is to determine if adding grapheme oxide (GO) fluids combined with EG (ethylene glycol) or water might boost the transfer of heat in automobile radiators. Radiators are essential parts of car cooling systems; they dissipate extra heat that the engine produces. The capacity of conventional coolants to transport temperature is limited, including Glycol and water. The ability to conduct heat may be improved with the use of nanoparticles fluids, which are basically solutions of particles in a base liquidize. This technique uses ethylene glycol and water to create a nanoparticles fluid by dispersing GO particles. Using experiments, the resilience or thermal features of the nanoparticle fluids are described. Next, utilizing an early version radiators arrangement, many heat transfer tests are carried out. In comparison to traditional coolants, the radiator’s ability to dissipate heat in various functioning circumstances has been assessed while utilizing the GO nanoparticles fluids together. Comparing the radiator’s heat transfer efficiency with plain ethylene glycol (or water, initial results indicate the addition with GO nanoparticles fluids improves it. Increased thermal conductivity in the nanoparticles fluids combination results in more efficient heat dissipation. For the purpose of to ensure the efficient utilization of the nanoparticles fluids on car cooling mechanisms, it is further evaluated for durability during extended exposure to elevated temperatures. The continued attempts to provide cutting-edge cooling systems for automotive applications are aided by this study. The results indicate that the use of GO nanoparticles fluids in conjunction with conventional coolants has a chance to improve car radiator thermal transfer or general efficiency. It is advised to carry out greater refinement and calibration research to fully realize the potential advantages of this unique coolant composition.

Consumption of energy and its demand is increasing constantly. There are various ways to generate energy. Non-renewable energy sources are in high demand, which causes harmful effects on the atmosphere. So environmentally friendly energy sources are very much required. Recently various researchers have been working towards green and environment friendly renewable energy causes. Energy generation from renewable sources, India is within top five position throughout the world. Support towards enhancement of energy generation by renewable sources has been declared by our Honourable Prime minister. The present work deals with a designed model to generate electricity by utilizing energy from footstep movement and vehicle motion. The designed model consists of a gearing mechanism, lever, and thermoplastic polymer track attachment. Thermoplastic tracks are easy to use because of their easier attachment and smooth surface. It is required to attach our designed system in places where maximum mobility of people and vehicle motions is possible. Generally, the places are national highways, temple roads, mall areas, etc. Due to movements on the track, the pressure energy of the foot and vehicle wheels transfers to rotational energy through the gearing attachments of our designed system. This rotational energy is utilized to rotate the armature of the generator to generate electricity and that electricity is stored in the battery for utilization on demand. The lever arm and thermoplastic track are placed with a 10 mm gap so that when load is applied on the track, the thermoplastic will deflect and the load will be transferred to the lever. Due to the provision of a gearing mechanism in our designed system, less input on the track will produce the required rotation of the generator shaft. Natural walking on the track to harvest energy without disturbing the body is very suitable for the stability of this designed system due to the provision of thermoplastic tracks.

Waste management has become an increasingly pressing issue due to urbanization, population growth, and economic development. According to World Bank projections, waste production will reach 3.4 billion tonnes by 2050. The paper is focused on detailed analysis of waste management techniques that has to be improved and resources to be maximized, to be able to deal with various types of waste, including agricultural waste, industrial waste, municipal solid waste (MSW), and electronic waste (e-waste). The advancement in the artificial intelligence in various fields has drawn the attention towards utilizing its benefits in achieving optimized management of different types of wastes also. The paper is focused on description of on-recyclable waste materials which can be transformed into energy by using waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies. The different types of wastes generated in different sectors are being studied with details on their quantity and challenges in handling the wastes. The literature highlights the performance analysis of various methodologies of waste handling in terms of their efficiency, economic impacts and ecological implications. The prediction models and their performance was discussed with respect to the R2 value and mean absolute error (MAE) root mean square error (RMSE) to find the most suitable algorithm. The conclusion suggested that these AI based optimization methods can bring about enhancement in the various waste to energy conversion process making the management of waste materials more sustainable and reliable.

The analysis, design, and creation of high-rise buildings necessitate a comprehensive information of wind-induced vibration, a critical factor that considerably impacts structural integrity. In this context, the existing study undertakes an exploration of the results of wind load on diverse building shapes, aiming to envision the most structurally stable configuration for multi-storey structures. Focusing usually on L-form and H-form buildings, the studies conduct a comparative evaluation to assess how wind load influences those distinct shapes. Each case study represents a structure located in Wind zone IV with Terrain category II, adhering to the specs mentioned in IS 875(part-3): 2015 standards. Emphasizing reinforced concrete (RCC) framed structures, the research delves into the repercussions of wind loads on critical parameters including maximum shear force, bending moment, and storey displacement. The resulting data is meticulously presented through tables and charts, elucidating the overall performance metrics for every case (H-shape and L-form) in terms of storey displacement, shear force, bending moment, and axial force. Eventually, an intensive evaluation is conducted to determine any disparities in structural behaviour and reaction to wind loads a number of the various constructing shapes, providing precious insights into most efficient design concerns for enhancing structural stability and resilience in excessive-rise constructions.

In order to improve the performance of the calcium alginate membrane, we modified it to add the silica and carbon as the potential to absorb NaCl as the desalination materials. The novelty of this study, the natural resources of coral skeletons, beach sand, and the mangrove leaves were utilized as the source of Ca, Si and C for membrane fabrication, respectively. The results indicate the calcium alginate-carbon membrane with its mangrove leaves as the activated carbon proved effective to reduce salt levels. FTIR analysis of this membrane revealed the presence of functional groups like -OH, C=O, and C-O as the evidence to absorb NaCl. The SEM analysis displayed a rugged membrane surface with an average particle diameter of 347.98 nm. This membrane was capable of adsorbing approximately 49.05%/20-minutes and 46.7%/30-minutes of Na+ and Clˉ ions with 0.05 grams of activated carbon, respectively. The calcium alginatesilica analysis also indicated the presence of functional groups (-OH, C=O, C-O, Si-O, and Si-OH) facilitating the NaCl binding process. Additionally, SEM analysis depicted a porous structural morphology with a particle size diameter of approximately 16192.78 nm. This membrane was capable of adsorbing approximately 55.04%/20-minutes and 49.4%/40-minutes of Na+ and Clˉ ions with 0.05 grams of activated carbon, respectively. The comparison between the two membranes revealed significant differences in their NaCl ion absorption capacities. The calcium alginate-silica membrane tended to exhibit slightly higher absorption capacity compared to the calcium alginate-carbon membrane under the specified optimal conditions.

This study investigated isothermally treated FeNiCr structural steel welded joints. The base metal contains various phases which are dominated by a mixture of bainite and martensite. Joining this steel can be challenging since it has high carbon equivalent values and high hardness. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with austenitic stainless-steel electrodes is used to avoid cold cracking. After the welding process, the samples were subjected to three various post-weld temperatures: 425°C, 475°C, and 525°C. From the tensile test results, the tensile strength of welded joint shows an increase as the temperatures increase. The highest value is reached for a joint sample which treated at 525°C, with a tensile strength of 680 MPa. Conversely, the highest elongation is obtained by the 425°C post-treated sample, which is 14%. The microstructure in the weld metal (WM) area shows a formation of δ-ferrite, whereas the HAZ and BM areas show the presence of bainite and martensite tempered phases with various plate densities, plate size, and plate shapes depending on its post-treatment temperatures, which then affect the value of the hardness.

The performance of a flexible pavement depends on the resilient modulus (MR) of subgrade soil. Thus, MR is a key design parameter for mechanistic-empirical pavement design of flexible pavements. Generally, the resilient modulus is determined by conducting repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests in the laboratory and has been used to characterize the subgrade soil behavior under repeated traffic loading conditions. The use of cement to stabilize natural subgrade soils is widely accepted by transportation agencies. Several research studies were conducted on the resilient behavior of cementtreated soils. However, limited research studies have been conducted on the resilient behavior of cement-treated silty soil. Therefore, the current research study assessed the resilient moduli properties of cement-treated silt. Cement-stabilized soil specimens were statically compacted and cured in a humid room for a stipulated curing period before conducting RLT tests. RLT tests were conducted on cement-treated specimens at different cement dosages and curing periods to study the effect of the cement dosage and curing time on the resilient modulus. Test results indicated that a significant improvement in performance was observed after cement treatment. The untreated soil specimens exhibited stresssoftening behavior with an increase in deviator stress, whereas the cement-treated specimens exhibited stress-hardening behavior. The resilient modulus was increased with an increase in cement dosage. Regression analyses were conducted on RLT test results using three-parameter universal model and model parameters were determined. It was observed that the three-parameter universal model exhibited an excellent fit with experimental data.

Electricity generation using a combination of renewable energy sources is an effective solution for addressing various challenges. To optimize the system’s performance, it is essential to integrate a multilevel inverter between the DC-link and the load bus. Despite the complexity associated with multilevel inverters due to a high number of switches, this paper introduces a control methodology in closed-loop for a 7-level parallel inverter to enhance power quality. The study focuses on a PMSG coupled wind power conversion unit, as well as a photovoltaic (PV) and battery powered standalone power supply system. The parallel multilevel topology being proposed necessitates only half the amount of switches in comparison to traditional topologies. Additionally, a novel Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) method is employed to generate the necessary pulses for the inverter. The Hardware – in the – Loop (HIL) simulation with OPAL-RT devices is performed to assess the system’s reaction in different operational scenarios.

Earlier, the production of electricity was primarily reliant on non-renewable sources such as coal and diesel. However, these sources have limited availability and will eventually be depleted. Therefore, it is crucial to shift our focus towards renewable sources for electricity generation. Wind energy is considered one of the cleanest and most sustainable forms of renewable energy. The cost and maintenance associated with generating electricity from wind energy are significantly lower compared to other sources. However, the irregular flow of wind energy makes it challenging to directly convert it into electrical form. To address this issue, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) are required. WECS can be utilized in both gridconnected and stand-alone systems to meet their respective load demands. One of the main concerns with WECS is the mechanical safety and the output power of the system. The inconsistent supply of wind can lead to wear and tear of the turbine blades. To prevent this, a pitch control system is implemented to regulate the blades’ angle. Additionally, the rotational speed of the rotor is affected by improper wind supply, which ultimately impacts the output power. To maximize the power output from the rotor, an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control scheme is employed. In this study, a DC load system representing a telecom base station is used as the base system to analyze the control scheme under various wind profiles using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

This paper reviews the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) in better managing renewable energy in smart cities. With a growing focus on sustainable living globally, many cities are updating their infrastructure to be more eco-friendly. This includes improving waste management, increasing renewable energy production, and using modern technology for better energy systems. A key idea discussed is the Smart Green Energy (IoT-SGE) system for smart cities, which uses IoT to help finely control energy use through constant monitoring and secure communication. By using AI, this system can learn and improve over time, making energy management more efficient. The paper also looks at examples from successful smart cities around the world, like London and Singapore, highlighting how good policies can help overcome challenges in energy, transport, and building sectors. It emphasises the importance of working together with local government and other stakeholders to bring about better use of clean energy, making cities smarter and more sustainable. Through reviewing a wide range of studies, this paper aims to provide a clear path forward for developing smarter cities with better renewable energy management.

This paper presents a meticulous review of the solar energy markets and their instrumental role in driving the growth of smart cities. Drawing from extensive research, the review delves into urban metamorphoses spurred by the burgeoning growth of megacities, highlighting the significance of sociotechnical systems, evolved institutional practices, and energy material flows. The study identifies seven pivotal models for smart city energy governance, encompassing distributed energy resources, energy storage, microgrids, demand response, smart measuring systems, energy harvesting, and green technological innovations. A comparative analysis of urban developments in cities such as Singapore, Shanghai, and the greater Jakarta area reveals diverse trajectories in energy system evolution and business model shifts. The surging growth of solar energy, underpinned by technological breakthroughs, cost efficiencies, and robust governmental policies, is also explored. Although solar energy has been bolstered by a myriad of fiscal and regulatory incentives, it faces persistent challenges like technical impediments, financial barriers, and regulatory obstacles. The paper also introduces an innovative compound Real Options Approach (ROA) for appraising solar energy projects within smart cities, arguing its efficacy over the traditional Expected Net Present Value methods by recognizing managerial adaptability. In summation, this review accentuates the imperative of enduring policy support to amplify solar energy adoption worldwide, setting the stage for a sustainable smart city future.

With growing technologies, the exhaustion procedure of fossil fuels occurs at a faster pace. At the moment, research area mainly emphasizes on efficient utilization of the renewable energy resources. To achieve this, many converters have been developed over the years, but there exist some disadvantages in almost all the topologies which may be related to either the gain of the converter, or the overall efficiency, or the voltage stabilization, or the ripple content etc. In this paper, an active clamped, high gain, hybrid, forward boost converter has been developed which will attenuate the abovementioned problems that are observed in the conventional converters. In the proposed converter topology, two modes are attainable, which maybe further controlled using a push button only. One of the modes involves the closing of the push button, wherein the input voltage will be less and with the help of a less duty cycle, expected voltage is acquired. This mode is known as a hybrid mode. In the second mode i.e. boost mode, required output voltage is obtained from the lower input voltage. In both the modes, high gain and high efficiency are obtained from the converter. The converter simulation and the required results are furnished and provided.

One of the biggest issues with VLSI connections is crosstalk, which is caused by coupling capacitance. Crosstalk reduces operation performance during switching activities and produces undesired output. Noise level rises as switching frequency does as well. Crosstalk will be eliminated by encode the data before connecting into the bus line. This procedure reduces the crosstalk issue by using the improved logic architecture. The proposed approach utilizes a combination of circuit-level optimization techniques, such as gate sizing and interconnect optimization, and advanced timing analysis tools to minimize power consumption and reduce crosstalk.

Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is one of the best alternative motor drives for induction and synchronous drives in present trends. However, the SRM can able to replace those synchronous and inductance machine by using effective controller for many applications. Apart from many controllers, Direct Torque Controller (DTC) has received much attention from researchers in these days due to its high superiority characteristics over other controllers. Moreover, compare to Proportional and Integral (PI) controller a Fuzzy controller can provide effective support to DTC during intermittent changes of speed and torque. Hence, Fuzzy controller based DTC has been implemented in this paper for novel configuration of converter to drive SRM. Generally more number of switches leads to more cost and poor performance. Therefore, a novel configuration of converter has been proposed in this paper for DTC of SRM. For analysis of system, the proposed method has been compared with vector based controller in this paper. The extensive results are presented to validate the proposed method for both the steady state and transient periods.

The instabilities in the power supply, such as voltage spikes, transients, and distorted waves, can cause consumer electronics to malfunction or even fail altogether. It is one of the biggest worries for gridconnected WECS in the present and future.In a variety of ways, specialized power electrical devices can improve power quality. These days, power applications make use of a broad variety of flexible controllers that take use of advanced power electronic components.In order to effectively minimize various forms of power quality concerns in a grid-connected wind energy conversion system, this article evaluates the reliability of two distinctive electrical devices, the Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) and the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR). MATLAB/SIMULINK is used to examine the devices’ performance.

This paper reviews the integration of renewable energy systems with Industrial IoT (IIoT) through Artificial Intelligence (AI). It examines various studies focusing on the design and monitoring of solar-powered wireless sensor nodes in diverse IIoT settings, particularly outdoors. A proposed distributed network architecture, underpinned by open-source technologies, aims for efficient solar power harvesting and data acquisition on solar radiation and ambient parameters. This data aids in devising estimation techniques to predict solar panel voltage outputs, optimizing energy utilisation of solar-powered sensor nodes. The discourse extends to photovoltaic plants, emphasising continuous monitoring and fault detection for operational safety and reliability. Reviewed works advocate embedding AI and IoT for remote sensing, fault detection, and diagnosis, addressing challenges posed by undetectable faults. Furthermore, the paper explores AI’s transformative potential in the broader energy sector, impacting electricity production, distribution, energy storage, and efficiency. The synergy of AI, IIoT, and renewable energy systems is underscored as a conduit for enhancing energy management, operational transparency, and deploying cost-effective solutions for complex industrial challenges, significantly bolstering the efficiency and intelligence of industrial production and services.

Ability of energy harvesting systems that make use of Internet of Things (IoT) offer sustainable and independent power sources for diverse applications. In order to power IoT devices, these systems make it possible to capture ambient energy from the environment, such as solar, wind, vibrations, and thermal gradients, and transform it into usable electrical energy. We provide growths in circuit technology for IoT-based energy harvesting devices in this research.With a focus on MPPT algorithms that exploit energy extraction efficiency since various sources, advancements in power management circuits are investigated. Energy harvesting devices can now function well even in low-energy environments thanks to the development of ultra-low-power circuits, which is discussed.Super capacitors and rechargeable batteries, two types of energy storage, are assessed for their potential for energy buffering and dependable power delivery to Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Dynamic charging algorithms and capacity estimate methods are two examples of more sophisticated battery management approaches that are also looked at.Voltage regulation is a crucial component of energy harvesting systems that guarantees a steady and reliable power supply to Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Low-dropout regulators (LDOs) and energy-efficient voltage converters, among other recent advancements in voltage regulation circuits, are described. Additionally, the integration of energy harvesting systems with IoT devices is covered, highlighting the benefits and obstacles in creating IoT applications that are energyaware. To reduce power consumption in IoT networks, the significance of energy-efficient communication protocols and adaptive data processing algorithms is emphasised.

This research investigates the manufacture of polymer matrix nanocomposites specifically designed for energy storage applications with a focus on sustainability. Four kinds of polymers (PVA, PLA, PET, PMMA) were created with different percentages of nanofillers (ranging from 1.0% to 2.0%) and polymer concentrations (ranging from 2.5% to 4.0%). The mechanical testing results showed Young's modulus values ranging from 11.8 GPa to 15.2 GPa, and corresponding tensile strengths ranging from 42.9 MPa to 50.2 MPa. The electrical conductivity tests revealed a conductivity range spanning from 1.8 x 10^-3 S/cm to 2.5 x 10^-3 S/cm. The assessment of energy storage capability revealed capacitance values ranging from 115 F/g to 135 F/g, with charge-discharge efficiencies varying between 91.8% and 94.3%. The findings highlight the capability of polymer matrix nanocomposites to achieve customized properties that are favorable for energy storage. This emphasizes the significance of logical design, manufacturing methods, and sustainability factors in advancing these materials for practical use in the renewable energy industry.

Post-disaster recovery is a multifaceted system essential for rebuilding communities and infrastructure. Despite its importance, many limitations obstruct powerful recuperation, main to tremendous loss of life and monetary assets. This paper synthesizes varied approaches in the direction of sustainable restoration, highlighting the increasing reliance on technology for disaster management. Image processing strategies, pivotal in addressing these demanding situations, are reviewed across studies. Those strategies range from SLIC segmentation and Random forest classification to advanced deep learning models together with U-net and YOLOv8, machine learning algorithms like SVM, and image category methodologies along with bi-temporal analysis. Comparative evaluation reveals that those strategies presents promising consequences, with accuracies starting from 75% to over 94%. The paper gives a framework for understanding the role of various image processing strategies in improving disaster control strategies, emphasizing their implications for future studies and application.

We need energy for transportation, homes, and industry. Energy can be obtained from renewable and non-renewable sources. Non renewable energy sources pollute the air, while renewable energy sources are environment-friendly. Electricity generation from non-convective sources is of great benefit to society. Power generation from solar energy, wind, municipal waste, and energy from one form to another are different types of non-conventional power sources. India is the fourth largest renewable energy country in the world. Recently, the Prime Minister of our country announced the development of renewable energy power plants and advised further exploration of the concept of free energy to strengthen renewable energy entrepreneurs. He also announced incentives from the Opportunity Energy Sector and the Free Energy Centre. concept. Currently, many countries are using technology to develop energy. In this study, we developed a model that converts pressure energy into electricity. Pressure energy is generated by the movement of people and vehicles. This pressure energy is converted into electricity through several engineered paths and systems. This study presents details of the designed system and its working principle. The system we developed works with a lever and gear mechanism and offers a new path to the sustainable development of clean energy harvesting. Walking naturally on a path that gathers energy without disturbing the body is the primary reason for the stability of this engineered system.

This paper examines the potential of piezoelectric substances in presenting sustainable and renewable energy solutions, that specialize in energy harvesting and self-maintaining smart sensing mechanisms inside numerous systems. Highlighting the inefficacy of conventional construction substances like simple cement paste in energy capture, this study delves into current methodologies that expand the piezoelectric abilities of cement-based composites through innovative admixtures and physical treatments. Additionally, the research explores the broader utilization of piezoelectric materials across various sectors together with healthcare, environmental tracking, and consumer electronics, propelled by using the need for wireless sensing nodes and embedded microsystems to have a reliable power source. Emphasizing the environmental advantages, this paper affords a comparative analysis of cutting-edge developments, challenges, and future possibilities within the area of piezoelectric power harvesting (PEH), which include the exploration of lead-free substances and the advancement in hybrid energy harvesting devices.

Energy is essential to the nation's economic growth and to raising the standard of living for its citizens. Following its independence, India invested a great deal of resources in expanding its energy potential. As a result, the nation's capacity for generation has grown significantly. Everyone is aware of the environmental risks associated with traditional energy generating. India has thus been planning the development of environmentally friendly renewable-energy generation via solar, hydroelectric, and wind-energy sources. Renewable-energy has received particular attention, even though the nation primarily generates its energy from natural gas and coal. India ranks fourth among the nations that produce wind power this essay has honestly attempted to provide a brief synopsis of the global and Indian developments in wind-energy from the late 20th century to the present. It also examines the results of some global studies conducted on a range of topics related to this industry. One can get a sense of the current state of the wind-energy development project after reading this document.

This study emphasises how crucial it is to implement clean energy technology, especially electro-chemical systems, in order to reduce the emission of green-house and fulfil the world's growing energy needs. The study highlights the significance of sustainable resources such as wind and solar electricity. It also examines the difficulties associated with their intermittent nature and proposes changes to consumer behaviour and power producing practices. It talks about current research on candidate materials at the fundamental level and emphasises the crucial role customised materials play in electro-chemical systems. The paper explores the several uses of electro-chemical energy technology, explaining the classifications and operation of fuel cells, batteries, and capacitors, among other devices. The paper concludes by arguing that further advancements in materials and technology are essential to securing a reliable and efficient energy supply in the future.

The importance of using recycled materials like rubber in construction materials is rising rapidly today. By incorporating used rubber into cement and mortar, we can save landfill space and reduce our dependence on natural resources. Rubber scrap can be mixed in as either fine or coarse aggregate. Add it to Portland cement for a stronger, more durable product (PC). This paper reviews the studies conducted so far on the feasibility of using waste rubber in place of conventional PC-based mortar and concrete’s natural fine aggregate. The strength and water-absorption capacity of materials made from ash from scrap rubber tyres were measured. Test results indicate that waste rubber ash was substitute with natural sand up 10% then strengths of the sample were enhanced after increasing the content of waste rubber tyre ash then strength was decreased. Water absorption capacity of samples was improved as increased the content of waste rubber tyre ash into concrete mix.