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Introduction: The uptake rate of colorectal cancer screening remains insufficient in France and decreases as the level of deprivation increases. Participants’ health literacy appears to be an important determinant of screening uptake., Aim of the Study: The aim of this study, nested in our multicenter-randomized controlled trial, was to present the development and acceptability of interventional material (training and a pictorial brochure) for general practitioners and healthcare users in disadvantaged geographical areas using a participatory involvement approach., Methods: The development of the brochure and the training was carried out in three stages, two for the development, usability, and acceptability testing and a third for its evaluation with the target audience. We used a qualitative approach based on focus groups and cognitive interviews. The qualitative analysis was based on Morville’s “Honeycomb” conceptual model and the COREQ checklist., Results: The development and test of the acceptability of the material enabled us to adjust the content of the training by proposing examples that were more rooted in professional reality, and to produce a brochure that was easy to read, understand, acceptable and adapted to the intervention’s targeted audience., Conclusions: This experience illustrates in a concrete way the feasibility of public participation and its value in the context of interventional research, and more generally in the creation of interventional material.

Introduction: The misuse of alcohol has harmful social and health impacts within a population. The French military must be particularly vigilant with alcohol, due to specificities linked with weaponry. This study was designed to explore social representations of alcohol based on a sample of the French Navy in order to prioritize prevention focuses on alcohol misuses in a military environment., Methods: A semi-directed interview-based exploratory study was conducted in the south of France at the end of 2015. Data was submitted to manual categorical analysis and textual analysis (Iramuteq software)., Results: Sixty-two marines from the French Navy were interviewed including 30 Navy and 32 Marine Firefighters. Data analysis indicated that the motivation to consume alcohol comes more from a social influence (extrinsic motivations) than for pleasure induced by alcohol effects (intrinsic motivations). For Navy personnel, the sense of belonging to the Navy is strengthened by drinking habits with a strong social cohesion. In contrast, the Marine Firefighters had a negative perception of alcohol because of a possible degradation of their professional image for the civilian population., Conclusion: The identification of social representations of alcohol allows for a better apprehension of drinking behavior within a French military population, particularly by focusing on content and organization of discourses about alcohol. Following this survey, a quantitative study is currently being drawn up among military personnel from the French Navy in order to clarify some of the elements identified and presented within this article.

Unlabelled: In patients presenting a bilateral laryngeal immobility, the potential reversibility of certain cases, the refusal or the bad tolerance of long term tracheotomy bring up the question of the choice of the surgical technique if it is indicated., Objectives: To report our experience with the technique of lateralization of the paralyzed vocal fold (arytenoidopexy) suggested by Lichtenberger., Clinical Cases: After having described the technique, we report 5 cases (3 pos-thyroidectomy, I of central origine, 1 post-burn). From 1 to 12 months after surgery 2 patients were fully satisfied, a patient (central origin) recovered spontaneously at the end of a month and the 2 last had a partial result. Only one patient required several surgical gestures., Conclusion: The Lichtenberger's technique combines theoretical reversibility and conservation of a functional glottic plan. It avoids tracheotomy. This approach can according to us validly replace the traditional techniques, medium or long term tracheotomy , or endoscopic arythenoid or posterior vocal fold resection.

In France, suicide prevention has been a public health priority since 1992. Half of all suicide attempts are repeated attempts made by people who have already tried to commit suicide, and the risk of death increases by 1% after the first attempt. Today, hospitalisation has become an unavoidable consequence for those who have attempted suicide, and recommendations for best practice were recently issued in France (1998). The objective of this study was two-fold: 1) to assess the quality of management and care provided for patients hospitalised in a university hospital in Angers after having attempted suicide, an evaluation that was based in part on the criteria of the National Agency on Health Accreditation and Evaluation (ANAES); and 2) the demonstrate the value and high utility of such a unit specialising in caring for patients recovering from attempted suicide. The unit has now been in existence for over 5 years, and has treated 42% of such patients who require hospitalisation. One investigator was responsible for asking 251 patients (on the day of their release) who had been hospitalised anytime during the given 6 month period (November 2002 - May 2003) to complete a questionnaire containing approximately 100 items. In order to be eligible for the study, patients had to be older than 16 years and hospitalised for at least 48 hours. 155 questionnaires were completed (62%), and there were 96 patients were notable to participate on the day of their release. Nine of the 14 criteria recommended by the ANAES were met in over 65% of the cases, and three in less than 40%. Following the analysis of the data through logic regression, it remained clear that unit specialising in the care of people who have attempted suicide was better able and equipped to meet the standards of the ANAES' recommendations than a standard hospital medical unit. Visits with a psychiatrist or psychiatric nurse occurred more frequently in the specialised unit (p < 0.04), interviews with the patients' family members were more frequent (p < 0.01), the confidentiality of the discussions from the interviews was more often respected and maintained (p < 0001), and the information provided by the caregivers and staff was more effective in the specialised unit (p < 0.03). One of the main benefits and results of these aforementioned differences is that the patients in the suicide unit more often perceived a distinct improvement in their depression (p < 0.007). All of these arguments indicate that hospitalisation in a special unit provides real benefits to patients, and the results of this study advocate strongly in favour of increasing the capacity of the unit, which is currently limited to only 6 beds.

It is now well established that the lateral posterior-pulvinar (LP-P) complex of mammals is involved in visual processing. However, the actual function of these large nuclei of the thalamus remains unknown. In contrast to the nearby lateral geniculate nucleus, the LP-P complex does not receive any substantial direct projections from the retina. Its main visual inputs come from the mesencephalon and the neocortex. Most cells in the LP-P complex behave like cortical units. They are tuned to the orientation, direction, spatial and temporal frequencies of the visual stimulus. In addition, most units are binocular and sensitive to relative retinal disparity. Despite their multiple inputs, the LP-P complex cells form an homogeneous population and their overall properties do not reflect those of a given cortical or subcortical area. On the basis of its afferent and efferent connectivity, it has been proposed that the LP-P complex may serve as a relay of an extrageniculate ascendant pathway which originates from the superior colliculus, and/or provide another route for the geniculo-striate input to reach the extrastriate areas. Despite the fact that there is some electro-physiological evidence of such functions, it is now often suggested that the LP-P complex may integrate its multiple inputs and be involved in functions which go beyond those of a simple thalamic relay. Recent findings suggest that the LP-P complex might play a role in visual spatial attention.

These investigations are aimed at studying the influence of the electrical stimulation of the VIth nucleus (abducens nucleus) on responses of lateral geniculate cells in rabbits. The animals were prepared in the usual fashion for single cell recordings at the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Results show that: Electrical stimulation of the VIth nucleus always produced excitatory discharges whose latency varied from 30 to 400 ms. Interestingly, an electrical pulse applied to the abducens nucleus was capable of enhancing the light-evoked responses without altering the spontaneous rate of firing. It thus seems that the ascending influence of the VIth nucleus manifests itself when it coincides with light responses. Most cells which were sensitive to electrical activation of the abducens nucleus had their receptive field located peripherally (greater than 50 degrees). Histological reconstructions of recording electrode tracts suggest that cells which responded to electrical stimulation were located in a narrow band lying dorsally relative to the LGN. This area can be paralleled with the perigeniculate area observed in other mammals, although not identified in rabbits. It is suggested that these extraretinal impulses which reach the LGN and emerge from an area surrounding the VIth nucleus are associated with corollary discharges.

Contrast sensitivity gives new insight on visual troubles encountered in ophthalmology. Indeed the measurement of this function yields some explanations on how vision is impaired by diseases frequently observed by clinicians. The deficits seen in strabismic amblyopes raise the possibility that the neural impairment in amblyopia is derived from a single continuum, varying in degree. The absence of stimulation of the size-selective detectors processing high spatial frequencies accounts for the shape of the contrast sensitivity curve in congenital nystagmus. Glaucomatous or multiple sclerosis patients show early deficits in medium range spatial frequencies where the sensitivity is the highest. These changes appear sometimes before any other investigation can detect them. When compared with physiological results using the same sinusoidal gradings as stimuli, contrast sensitivity gives reliable informations on how visual information is processed by the brain.