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Obiettivo di questo lavoro è analizzare i profili medi di genitori valutati in sede di consulenza tecnica per l'affidamento di figli minori attraverso il Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2), il questionario di personalità maggiormente utilizzato in ambito giuridico. Si tratta di uno studio iniziale ed esplorativo, condotto su un campione di 200 periziandi divisi equamente tra uomini e donne, che si propone in primis di rispondere all’esigenza dello psicodiagnosta forense di avere dati statistici specifici a cui far riferimento quando utilizza tale strumento. Il lavoro ha anche l'obiettivo di osservare la presenza di eventuali differenze significative tra i dati emersi dal campione peritale ed i valori normativi generali della popolazione italiana. Le but de cette étude est celui d’analyser les profils moyens des parents évalués par le test MMPI-2 (Inventaire Multiphasique de Personnalité du Minnesota-2) afin d’obtenir la garde de leurs enfants. Le MMPI-2 est le questionnaire de personnalité le plus utilisé dans le contexte juridique. Dans l’article, les auteurs présentent une étude initiale et exploratoire menée sur un échantillon de 200 personnes, réparties de manière égale entre hommes et femmes. En outre, cette étude a pour objet d’observer les différences statistiquement significatives entre l’échantillon et la population de référence. En effet, elle montre certaines différences entre les valeurs moyennes dans ces deux groupes, notamment entre les deux sexes. The aim of this study is to analyse the average profiles of parents evaluated through the MMPI-2 test (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2) in order to obtain custody of their children. The MMPI-2 is a psychological test that assesses personality traits which is the most used test in legal context. This is an initial and exploratory study done on a sample of 200 people, equally divided between men and women, assessed with a view to obtaining custody of a child. In addition, the purpose of this study is to observe statistical significant differences between the sample and the reference population. Our study shows some differences between the mean values in these two different groups, particularly some specific differences between the sexes.

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Résumé: But de l’étude: À partir d’une démarche exploratoire et dans le cadre du modèle écosystémique de Bronfenbrenner, notre recherche a pour objectifs d’appréhender comment se construisent les enfants en résidence alternée sur le plan de leur adaptation socio-affective et d’analyser le rôle de facteurs individuels (âge et sexe des enfants), familiaux (alliance parentale, revenu, situation conjugale actuelle des parents, le fait pour l’enfant d’appartenir à une fratrie ou d’être enfant unique) et temporels (temps écoulé depuis la séparation et âge des enfants au début de la résidence alternée). Population et instruments de mesure: Treize mères et 13 pères de 38 enfants en résidence alternée âgés de quatre à 12ans ont renseigné des questionnaires. L’adaptation socio-affective des enfants a été appréhendée par le biais du Child Behavior Checklist 4/18 (Achenbach, 1991) et l’alliance parentale à travers le Parenting Alliance Inventory (Abidin et Brunner, 1995). Résultats: Parmi les 38 enfants de notre échantillon, 26 % des enfants (n =10) se situent en zone limite ou en zone pathologique aux échelles d’adaptation intériorisée ou d’adaptation extériorisée. Parmi les facteurs pris en compte, nous constatons, dans un premier temps, un effet significatif de l’âge des enfants : les enfants de quatre à cinq ans tendent à manifester moins de troubles intériorisés que ceux de six à 12ans. Dans un second temps, les résultats révèlent que l’alliance parentale influence un seul aspect de l’adaptation intériorisée des enfants à savoir les symptômes d’anxiété/dépression. Enfin, nous avons mis en exergue l’influence de l’âge des enfants au moment de la mise en place de la résidence alternée sur leur adaptation socio-affective. Les enfants de quatre à cinq ans présentent plus de problèmes intériorisés que ceux âgés d’un à trois ans au début de la résidence alternée. Toutefois, les résultats indiquent que le temps écoulé depuis la séparation modère l’effet de cette variable sur leur adaptation extériorisée. En effet, les enfants en résidence alternée depuis l’âge d’un à trois ans qui ont vécu la séparation de leurs parents il y a plus de deux ans présentent davantage de problèmes extériorisés que ceux qui ont vécu la rupture il y a deux ans ou moins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Russia and Lithuania, as in France, conjugal trajectories have become increasingly complex in recent decades, leading to profound changes in children's family situations and histories. In particular, union dissolution is becoming more frequent and, when separation occurs, child custody is most often granted to the mother. This article describes the relations (frequency of meeting and degree of satisfaction with the relationship) between non-cohabiting children and each of their parents and seeks to identify certain determinants of these relations: sex of children, age at separation, parent with custody, time since separation, parent who initiated the divorce, repartnering of a parent. The analyses reveal a certain number of similarities between countries (such as lower frequency of father-child relations, for example), but also divergences (the child's sex influences relations in Russia and France but not in Lithuania). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the book Les conjoints de fait au Québec : vers un encadrement légal, the author, a practitioner in family law with twenty-five years of experience, addresses the question of the legal protection of common law spouses in Quebec, a province where more than one-third of all couples are not married and 60 percent of children are born out of wedlock. The Quebec Civil Code does not offer protections to common law spouses in the event of separation. To correct the injustice of the situation of unmarried women, the author proposes that alimony be awarded to the parent (most often a woman) who has custody of the children post-separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The joint custody may be a positive application of shared parental status, but it''s not an obligation. Ideas, inner feelings and attitudes of each parent are more important than material dispositions to make sure the well-being of the child. The probability of success of a joint custody will increase following these positive conditions: 1. The child agrees with the project, when interviewed by a non-suggestive adult. When the child is undecided or indifferent, decision of joint custody can be taken, like a reviewable bet. Nevertheless very young children, under four years, need more stability and don''t usually benefit from a joint custody. 2. Spontaneously or after having thinking about, both parents are positively interested by the project. At least, they must have ceased permanent fights in front of the child and be able to mutual polite respect. A joint custody never should be considered as a therapy aimed to make peace between the parents. 3. Material conditions must be considered; among others, a geographical proximity between both houses, the possibility to have some important objects and clothes twice… 4. So much the better if this measure can be applied with flexibility and can be revised at long intervals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In 1982, a federal-provincial committee reported on the problem of noncompliance with support and custody orders. The committee recommended the establishment of a central registry to provide rapid access to information on the status of those orders. The committee did not evaluate its recommendation in terms of the anticipated benefits or costs of such a system. Focusing primarily on support orders, Eve Finnbogason and Monica Townson analyze the question of costs and benefits by comparing the costs of such a system with the probable reductions in levels of government assistance to sole-support mothers and their children. The authors found that husbands default on 50% to 85% of all support payments, and that the main obstacle to enforcement is the wife's lack of effective legal remedies upon default. The wife has to pursue the debtor husband, which is especially difficult if he has left the province. They conclude that a central registry will not have much effect on the enforcement rate of support orders because the registry will merely provide more rapid information on the status of the order -- it will do nothing to track down and catch defaulters. The authors contend that only an automatic and state-initiated system of enforcement would produce benefits that would fully offset its costs. Marie Pratte expresses the hope that the authors' proposals will be acted upon jointly by provincial and federal governments. She believes that the recently introduced Bill C-48 is insufficient in itself to solve the problem, although it is a first step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]