Search

Döner-kebab became the emblem of Turkish gastronomy. It is nowadays present in all the world. In fact, this culinary preparation is somewhat new in Turkey, and in its worldwide form of sandwich, it appears in Germany with the immigration of Turkish workers, and being offered by the Turks, the Greeks and the Lebanese cooks. However, it is not known by the other Turkic countries, except if imported by Turkish migrants. Turkish Gastronoms and Gourmets are often sad to see that this speciality became the symbol of Turkish cuisine in foreign countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little known in France, allspice is at the heart of the Lebanese cuisine, of the littoral and inland, among home and restaurant cooks. It is imperative for meat preparations, and, by affection and attachment, in vegetable and pulse dishes. Its aromatic scope is such that, with other spices, it is deemed most efficient to invalidate meats and offal from zankha, an abhorred miasma, and to bestow fragrance to them. For younger generations, the "7 spice mixture" shares similar prerogatives. After analysing the correlation between meat, zankha and spice, this study ponders on the pertinence of an aromatic mixture in the elaboration of culinary compositions in Lebanon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Iran, the giving of food for a religious purpose is a widespread act among Shiite believers, which can be observed daily in the city and in the villages, in both affluent and popular milieus. In order to understand the social, material and spiritual virtues of such food in the everyday life and worldview of Shiite devotees, this article proposes to analyse the process of preparation and sacredness of such food, and to study some important occasions of votive food giving in the lives of believers. The information in this article comes from previous research carried out in Iranian popular milieus, in some Shiite shrines and at the Behesht Zahra cemetery in Tehran, as well as from interviews conducted for this specific purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a Mediterranean plant which is largely used in traditional medicine for its biological properties attributed essentially to their phenolic content. In order to evaluate the best extraction technique of artichoke's total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins, we used two methods of extraction, decoction and maceration, and four solvents (water, methanol, ethanol and acetone). The best extract yields are recorded by the decoction 17.34 % against 15.64 % at mean for the maceration; however water and methanol remain the best solvents of extraction. The maceration seems to be better to extract total polyphenols (19.88 mg gallic acid equivalent/g DW at mean) and flavonoids (8.25 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW at mean).The ethanol and acetone are the best extraction solvents of these bioactive compounds. On the other hand, the aqueous decoction is more powerful to extract condensed tannins (3.05 mg catechol equivalent/g DW at mean). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the practices and social representations to be found in a Romanian rural region whose reputation and tourist attractiveness was built on the local cuisine. We assess the tourism development strategies of the Maramureş region starting from the valorization of local cuisine as a regional heritage shared by all the inhabitants of this territory . How do the rural guesthouses build the reputation of their region through the cuisine? What is the place of the local cuisine in the tourism strategies of regional development? We therefore analyze the valorization of the local cuisine and its metamorphosis through an empirical study of the roles of different actors (locals and tourists) in the reconstitution of the cuisine starting from the premise that cuisine is a social construct for the tourists hosted by the tourism entrepreneurs of rural Maramureş who provide family-type lodging and boarding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay evaluates how aesthetics relate to politics in the work of conceptual artist Ai Weiwei by focusing on Sunflower Seeds, a commissioned piece for The Unilever Series of the Tate Modern in London. This work of art becomes a remnant containing a political import as Ai succeeds in exporting mass-produced crafts into a western institution by enacting the role of the prominent cultural mediator he has become in the context of global exchange. In light of this particular piece, the article investigates the insights and limited scope of a sociological approach to art that often undermines any form of critical inquiry an artwork may come to epitomize. How can we apprehend cultural economy? Can we understand it through an aesthetic dimension concerned with a certain "distribution of the sensible" (Rancière) and not the sensible in itself? Is political art inevitably paradoxical and if so, is it therefore useless? This article aims to show that a bivalent apparatus translates the paradoxical currency (value) of Sunflower Seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of cultural border cannot anymore be used at large since the generalization of the anti-essentialist points of view in human and social sciences, inspired by the sometimes contradictory works of Eric Hobwsbawm, Benedict Anderson or Ernest Gellner. The cultural border is not an immemorial given, e.g. expression of a difference in identities, as the nations do invariably exist. It is the result of a process that is no more natural than the political border. This study proposes to examine the notion of cultural border attempting three directions of study: a first direction describes an ongoing international research (NAFTES) carried out at the borderline with the human body related fields (dancing, cooking), a second direction going deeper (music frontier in Lorraine during the annexation of Moselle by Germany) and a third direction, more proactive, proposing new cinema sources to conduct a reflection on the transgressive dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Objectifs. – L’étude de l’activité professionnelle des chefs de clinique-assistants des unités de réanimation pédiatrique françaises visait à mesurer leur charge de travail, documenter la répartition entre l’activité clinique et universitaire, évaluer leur production scientifique, connaître leur perception de l’impact de ce travail sur leur activité professionnelle et extraprofessionnelle. Méthodes. – L’enquête réalisée en 2000 auprès des 31 chefs de clinique-assistants de ces unités a obtenu un taux de réponse de 94 %. Résultats. – Les chefs de clinique-assistants passaient en moyenne 76 heures à l’hôpital par semaine. L’activité clinique occupait 80 % de leur activité professionnelle totale. L’effet de la charge de travail était perçu négativement pour eux-mêmes, le personnel soignant, les patients et leurs parents. Un temps consacré à la recherche plus important, l’aide d’un directeur de recherche, l’augmentation du nombre des praticiens hospitaliers étaient proposées pour favoriser leur activité universitaire et améliorer le fonctionnement des unités. Conclusion. – La surcharge de travail semblait affecter l’activité clinique et diminuer l’implication des chefs de clinique-assistants des unités de réanimation pédiatrique françaises en recherche. Une augmentation du nombre des praticiens hospitaliers, un temps protégé pour la recherche rééquilibreraient l’activité professionnelle de ces médecins, tout en conservant l’objectif de former de bons cliniciens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

From 1983 to 1993, S. Hachi’s last excavations at the Afalou Bou Rhummel (Algeria) Babors coastal shelter have contextually produced numerous anthropological and zoological, clay figurines, all hand made and cooked, among Iberomaurusian Late Upper Palaeolithic remains. Regarding Maghrebian territories (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), these so peculiar documents are strictly related to 15 000–11 000 BP levels, although deeper archaeological levels are 18 000 BP. Twenty eight small samples (less 1mg) were analysed through infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR) so as to precise, through typical transformation of the major mineral involved: kaolinite, smectites, and amorphous silicates, the final degree of temperature reached after cooking. These documents were all intentionally cooked between 500 and 800 °C. Local clay was obviously picked up for figurine elaboration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

La précarité sociale est un facteur de risque maternel et périnatal connu, avec un risque accru d'issues périnatales et maternelles défavorables. Les femmes enceintes en situation de précarité rencontrent d'importantes difficultés d'accès à une alimentation adéquate et de qualité. L'objectif de l'étude GRAP est d'évaluer la consommation alimentaire et les apports nutritionnels de femmes enceintes en situation de précarité. L'étude a été conduite auprès de 62 femmes enceintes en situation de précarité sociale (couverture sociale limitée et précarité de logement) suivies dans une maternité hospitalière de type 2b. Les caractéristiques sociales et les consommations alimentaires ont été recueillies pendant les 2e et 3e trimestres de grossesse à l'aide de 3 rappels de 24 h. Les références nutritionnelles de l'Efsa ont été utilisées pour évaluer le risque de déficience. Les consommations et apports ont été comparés à ceux de femmes enceintes en situation socio-économique favorable suivie dans une autre maternité hospitalière de type 2b (essai randomisé MonCAP, n = 78). L'âge moyen et la parité sont similaires dans les deux études. Par rapport à l'étude MonCAP, les femmes de l'étude GRAP ont de plus faibles niveaux d'éducation (53 % vs 4 % inférieur au niveau bac) et revenus du ménage (66 % vs 1,3 % inférieur à 1000 €/mois) et sont majoritairement originaire d'Afrique de l'ouest et du Maghreb. Par rapport à l'étude MonCAP, les femmes de l'étude GRAP consomment plus de lait, de produits céréaliers, de tubercules, de volailles et de boissons sucrées et moins de fromage, de plats cuisinés, de sandwichs et de boissons chaudes. Leurs apports journaliers sont plus élevés que ceux des femmes de l'étude MonCAP pour l'énergie (2105 ± 458 vs 1889 ± 451 kcal), les glucides (49,1 ± 6,5 vs 46,2 ± 5,3 g) et l'acide linoléique (15,7 ± 8,4 vs 9,6 ± 3,5 g) et plus faibles pour les fibres (18,2 ± 5,6 vs 21,4 ± 6,8 g), les acides gras saturés (10,8 ± 3,2 vs 14,1 ± 3,0 g) et le β-carotène (2789 ± 2760 vs 4259 ± 3433 mg). Le pourcentage de femmes ayant des apports insuffisants en acide α-linolénique et vitamine A est plus important dans l'étude GRAP que dans l'étude MonCAP (respectivement 65 % et 69 % vs 40 % et 38 %) et tend également à être plus élevé pour le fer et le cuivre (50 % et 71 % vs 38 % et 59 %, p < 0,07). Les femmes enceintes en situation de précarité socio-économique ont des apports énergétiques plus élevés et sont plus à risque de déficience en oméga 3, vitamine A, fer et cuivre que des femmes en situation favorable. Ces différences pourraient participer des mécanismes en jeu dans les inégalités sociales de santé maternelle et périnatale. Des ateliers prévention nutrition et cuisine pourraient aider à la mise en place de pratiques alimentaires plus saines en cours de grossesse et au décours pour l'enfant à venir et la famille. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first part of this work was devoted to the study of the behaviour of Pyrus malus L. cv. Golden Delicious embryos cultivated in vitro. At the beginning of the experiment, either the root (RM) or the distal part of the cotyledons (CM) was immersed in the medium. For embryos directly isolated from the fruits at harvest time, as well as for embryos submitted to a 3‐month post‐maturation treatment at 4°C, the dormancy was deeper in CM cultures than in RM. The use of gibberellins (GA4 or GA7) emphasized these differences. The second part of this work was devoted to the study of free and bound forms of ABA (cis and trans isomers) in embryos isolated from the fruits at harvest time and cultivated by the RM or CM procedure during 3 weeks. The biochemical data obtained indicated in both cases the existence of the following three processes: (A) Mobilization of the bound ABA with the consequent release of free ABA; this was particularly important in CM. (B) Metabolism of free ABA: the isomerization into trans‐ABA only partly accounted for the decrease in the content of free ABA which was much greater in RM than in CM. (C) Transport of ABA towards the root, the result being an accumulation of free ABA in the root, much greater in CM than in RM; this would account for the deeper dormancy in CM than in RM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report a case of allergic asthma induced by professional exposure to shrimp cooking vapors in a 19-year-old patient. The patient''s medical history revealed an anaphylactic shock seven years ago caused by ingestion of fish food. The diagnosis of asthma induced by seafood cooking vapors is based on clinical history and the positivity of the allergy work-up. Complete eviction of shrimps and redeployment resulted in clinical improvement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Human trichinellosis is a potentially severe parasitic disease occurring after ingestion of undercooked meat infected with Trichinella sp. larvae. We report the case of a patient who ate an undercooked bear meat hunted in Canada; he presented with the usual symptoms of trichinellosis (i.e, facial oedema, myalgias and fever) complicated with an asymptomatic myocarditis. Myocarditis is a rare, but potentially lethal complication of trichinellosis. Myocarditis should be screened systematically even when specific symptoms are missing; dosage of troponin serum is a simple and reliable mean for such screening. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Food allergy concern 5 % of the children. Diagnose food allergy accurately lead to a correct treatment. Allergic testing is moving towards established thresholds levels that predict a probability of a clinical reaction and reduce the need of oral food challenge. But, in most of cases, oral food challenge is needed to prove food allergy. Treatment of food allergy starts with au elimination diets, associated with primary prevention and educational measures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]