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This paper carried out An examination of the performance characteristics of concrete beams including openings that were reinforced with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars. This investigation studied five reinforced concrete (RC) beams with both longitudinal and transverse GFRP reinforcement with openings in two directions (horizontal and vertical) were studied. Both the orientation of the openings and the number of openings were considered to be the main parameters in this research. These holes are located in the beams' flexural region. The results demonstrate that relative to the reference beam, the vertical openings significantly reduced the maximum load of the tested beams by 27.8% and increased the mid-span displacement by 39% relative to the control beam. In addition, the research results demonstrated that the strength of the beam was scaled down if one equivalent opening was used to substitute for two adjacent openings.

The purpose of this study was to understand the deflection behavior of reinforced concrete beams using GFRP bar as flexural reinforcement and GFRP sheet as shear reinforcement. The tested beams with dimensions of span length were 3000 mm, width of 150 mm and height of 250 mm of concrete quality f'c.25 MPa. The beams use GFRP bar 3D13 as flexural reinforcement and U-wrap GFRP sheet 50 mm wide with a distance of 100 mm. U-wrap GFRP sheet shear reinforcement is only installed in shear spans. The beam is loaded with two concentrated loads monotonically until it collapses. The test results show that the loaddeflection relationship of GFRP bar reinforced concrete beams with external shear reinforcement of U-wrap GFRP sheet shows two linear curve patterns. The results of the analysis show that the ACI-440.1R-06 approximation equation can be used to accurately predict the deflection in the middle of the GFRP bar reinforced concrete beam with external shear reinforcement from U-wrap GFRP sheet.

To overcome the dependence on the use of reinforcing steel in concrete, alternative materials are used as reinforcement that is easy and cheap to obtain the resistant of corrosion namely rattan rods. With this material the natural resources can be utilized optimally. This research uses rattan as reinforcement for concrete beams. The test is carried out using a two-point loading method, used 4 types of beams, namely 2 rattan reinforcement beam (BR2), 3 rattan reinforcement (BR3), 4 rattan reinforcement (BR4) and 2 steel reinforcement (BS2) as control beams. The test results show that the addition of 2 times the amount of rattan reinforcement resulted in an increase in flexural capacity of 48.51%. The flexural capacity of rattanreinforced beams is lower than the flexural capacity of steel-reinforced beams by 10%, so the use of rattan as reinforcement in non-structural construction.

Abstract: The Near Surface Mounted (NSM) technique has been used in recent years for the strengthening of reinforced concrete beams. It involves the insertion of strips or rods of polymers reinforced with carbon fiber (CFRP) in the groove made previously in the concrete cover of corresponding surfaces, filled with epoxy adhesive for fixation. In order to characterize the bond behavior of the laminate and rods to concrete, an experimental work of pullout-bending tests was carried out. The pullout force at the laminate and the slip at the free and loaded end were measured. The influences of the concrete strength, the strength of the bond, and bond length on the bonding behavior between the three materials concrete, epoxy adhesive and CFRP were analyzed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article deals with the shear strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) beams using externally bonded fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP). The requirements for shear strengthening of RC beams in CSA (Canadian Standards Association) S806-02 code are summarized and compared to other existing international codes. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis on major parameters influencing on shear contribution of FRP in relation with the current equations of the Canadian codes and other standards is represented in this article. Based on the mentioned analysis and recent achievements a new, rational and evolutionary predicting model to calculate the effective strain and the shear contribution of FRP is proposed. The new model takes into account the major parameters such as, the effect of transverse steel reinforcement. This model will ultimately be used in CSA S806-02. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]