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The article discusses the anthropology of international humanitarian aid, with reference to colonization, development, public health, and politics. Topics include vacillations and developments in the field of research, the renewal of the field as a result of critical theory approaches and the extension of objects of study, and debates on research attitudes and approaches.

The article presents a reflection on how African peoples have reacted to colonization by Western civilizations. Topics include the responses of African peoples to the influence of colonists, how traditional African witchcraft has co-existed with modern Western-influenced culture in Africa, and the Judeo-Christian mentality and morale in parallel with the religious approach of African peoples. The notions of good and evil in African societies and their influence on the mentality of African populations are analyzed.