Search

The article discusses various aspects of the Kostrzewski G type fibulae found in the Carpathian-Dnepr foreststeppe. So far, three such brooches have been discovered in this area. Regrettably, in the Southeast European speciality literature, these pieces have not aroused interest despite their value; they are only mentioned in passing. The return to the interpretation of these fibulae, by examining them and documenting the existing analogies, has made it possible to establish their chronological framework and origin. The study of these staples may provide evidence of links between Central Europe and the Carpathian-Dnepr foreststeppe at the end of the first millennium BC.

In the collective memory of many European people, the Huns are perceived as one of the most violent gentes west of the Dniester, which might have committed many atrocities, acts of vandalism, and destructions in the territories they crossed. The image of these violent Huns influenced the archaeological research as well. One can often find mentions of a so-called „Hunnic phase” (Hunnenzeit), associated with levels of violent destruction in the Sântana de Mureş-Černjachov settlements and disruption of their behaviours: periods without burials, a new chronological phase of buried treasures, etc. All these create the image of a so-called „Katastrophenhorizont” (chronological disaster horizon). The spatial distribution of its traces should indicate the ways and directions the Huns entered the region. This study tries to discuss both the written sources related to the arrival of the Huns in the geographical space west of the Dniester and the archaeological traces associated with the Huns in the area inhabited by the SMCK culture. Among the main conclusions of the study, one may observe that we cannot speak about an invasion of a large Hunnic army. Rather, we can identify traces of many small-group invasions that led to the decay of the Gothic confederation. From an archaeological standpoint, it must be underlined that the field research shows a high level of significant destruction in the archaeological sites, mainly in the settlements, west of the Dniester. The nature of the archaeological discoveries rather indicates that the local population had already left the settlements before their destruction.

This article attempts to establish an exhaustive catalogue of a particularly significant artefact of Carthaginian and Phoenician-Punic funerary practice. This concerns amulet cases – whether made of precious metal or not – from the most elementary tubular forms to the most elaborate ones, illustrated by Egyptian zoocephalous examples. These cases contained finely worked coiled bands, considered to have a high protective value – for the living as well as for the deceased in their journey to the afterlife. In this singular category, investigations were pursued in the Eastern Mediterranean, and more specifically in Egypt, with a view to defining and confirming or not the origin of this unrivalled innovative design which, according to current knowledge, seems to owe as much as its contents to the workshops of the Western Mediterranean, Carthage and Tharros in particular.

A collective burial from the early 2nd century AD, reusing the Theban Tomb 32, built in the Egyptian New Kingdom, offers a unique opportunity to learn about the practices of funerary workshops of the time. The particularity of this family group related to an archon named Soter lies in the fact that it allows the dating of their funerary assemblages in absolute and relative terms, as well as elements of their iconography. This circumstance is helpful for the study of these objects as well as other contemporary or nearby items. To illustrate the potential of this approach, we will focus on the image of the god Anubis when he accompanies the deceased to their judgement before Osiris.

The chronology of the campaigns of the years 542–545 has been the subject of debate, with Michael Whitby defending the traditional interpretation that Procopius’ long account of the bubonic plague concealed the end of the year 542, whereas Geoffrey Greatrex has championed the chronology of Kislinger and Stathakopoulos, which locates Khusro’s march to Adarbiganon and the Roman defeat at Anglon in late 542 and the siege of Edessa in 543, with Procopius failing to note the end of a year during peace negotiations in 544–545. Considerations of the progress of Khusro I’s invasion in 542 in light of his probable speed of march, and the distances he had to cover, coupled with the relatively slow advance of bubonic plague over large land masses and Procopius’ practice in arranging his material, point to the missing year-end, being that of 542/543. While the new chronology cannot absolutely be ruled out, the assumptions on which it is based are shaky.

Abstract In discussions of the Amazon’s lengthy indigenous history, the narrative that considers temporal landmarks generally remains tied to Western chronology. In other words, although most researchers consider indigenous history to be an important reality, the very epistemological scope of the human sciences forces indigenous temporalities to fit into the chronological paradigms of the west. To avoid this epistemological pitfall, historical time must be narrated according to the emergence and duration of events, going beyond their pristine origins and seeking their devenir instead of manifestations of these events. Based on the work of authors such as Bergson, Deleuze and Braudel, in this essay we propose that indigenous history in the Amazon unfolds along two structuring processes that evolved over time according to the persistence and resilience of this history in the proper place for Amerindian social and cultural experiences.

This paper focuses on the short poem De quattuor temporibus anni and the possible date of its composition. The quatrain, which was preserved in codex Phillippicus 1694 and in manuscript Reims, Bibliothèque Municipale 1275, appears within the critical apparatus to poem 864 of Riese’s edition of the Anthologia Latina and in Wernsdorf’s Poetae Latini minores. Almost nothing is known about this piece of work and the few scholars who have shown interest in proposing a date for it have been undecided between an earlier and a later production. Closer scrutiny of the evidence at our disposal, bringing together elements taken from the structure of the text itself, as well as from other Latin poems, allows us to draw clearer conclusions and identify a period between the end of the first century AD and the beginning of the fifth century AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article focuses on the relative and absolute chronology of a necropolis of the Zarubincy culture, the cemetery of Pirogov. The necropolis was investigated for 10 years. As a result, 260 cremation graves were documented. Based on the association of the archaeological finds, three phases of the cemetery were delineated. It was established that the respective phases can be synchronized with the end of the stages of LTC1b, LT C2, LT D1 and LT D2, which in absolute dates correspond to the beginning of the 2nd and the end of the 1st century.

The medieval city and fortress built on the ruins of ancient Tyras at the mouth of the Dniester (the territory of modern Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Ukraine) are among the key archaeological sites of the Northern Black Sea region of the late Byzantine and Ottoman times. Despite the long term of excavation in the site and the large explored area, the chronology of its cultural layers and ceramics from them, as well as the declared origin of some groups of the pottery cause reasonable doubts. That is why the re-examination of ‘old’ excavation data from the perspective of new achievements of medieval archaeology and ceramology in the Northern Black Sea region is the focus of our study. The article analyses in detail the excavation materials in the area of one of the pottery workshops, which from 1970s were considered as a reference for dating the construction periods of a medieval settlement outside the fortress walls. The study of the archival documentation and ceramic collections allowed us to find out that the cessation of the activity of the pottery workshop dates back to the second half of the 15th century and not to the beginning of the 14th century as has been regarded before. So subsequent dwellings and other constructions were built, accordingly, more than 100 years later than previously thought. Hence we have obtained a strong case for significantly correcting the chronology of the cultural horizons of medieval Bilhorod. Moreover, it become possible to clarify ideas about ceramic production and the historical topography of the city, as well as to outline the topical questions for future research.

This study focuses on the semantic evolution of certain conjunctive phrases that lose their temporal value and take on logical values of causality and opposition. We examine the locutions that express simultaneity (tandis que, alors que, pendant que) and that evolve towards opposition, then those that express posteriority (puisque, dès que) and that evolve towards causality. The case of expressions formed on nouns (à l’instant que) is treated separately. We will try to observe differences in the speed of change depending on whether the expressions are of earlier or later formation, and to establish a chronology of this evolution by showing the particular importance of the pre-classical French period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ball brooches make a difficult research theme in Denmark. This is mainly because very few of the hitherto published specimens were found in a context or under circumstances that help to shed light on their chronology. The most recently published study is a very brief paper by Jesper Laursen on the chronology and typology of ball brooches (Laursen 1984). Laursen’s paper was published at a time when hobby metal detecting was only at its early stages in Denmark. Therefore, this hobby had not yet had its impact on the material. Metal detecting favors objects with much metal and since cultivated soil contains a lot of iron waste most hobby detectorists tend to screen for iron. Consequently, objects of bronze, silver and gold will have a tendency to dominate the finds brought in by these people, and especially massive objects.

Conceived as an introduction to the historical and archaeological study of the castle of Belvoir by a Franco-Israeli mission (2013-2020), this article succinctly presents the chronology of the site through textual sources before asking the question of the functions of a Frankish fortification in the Holy Land. If a military vocation of such a structure remains pertinent, so is the vocation of a center of power

The text deals with two mutually close, late sources that have not been used so far in considering the chronology of the construction of the katholikon of the Studenica monastery: the inscriptions on two copper engravings depicting the main church of the “Great Lavra of St. Simeon” made in Moscow in 1758. Those inscriptions state, among other things, that Stefan Nemanja built the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in 1194/1195.

The Vârghiș Gorges karst system (Perșani Mountains, Eastern Carpathians) constituted a point of interest for speleologists, paleontologists and archaeologists since the second half of the 19th century. Their efforts succeeded in highlighting the notable archaeological potential of the area, although the actual research results were not always thoroughly reported. Since 2014, our team reunited specialists from 10 different institutions and various fields of research and initiated archaeological excavations, coupled with achaeozoological, sedimentological and chronometric investigations, in several caves within the Vârghiș Gorges. As the paper below will show, although the results obtained so far are definitively informative, further investigation are clearly needed, in order to accurately clarify aspects pertaining to the intricate cultural and chronological framework.

The Glina-type flanged axes were acknowledged as such in 1975 by Alexandru Vulpe. Seventeen artefacts of this type exist up to the present moment, distributed in south-eastern Transylvania and south of the Carpathians, mainly in the Olt and Argeș basins. The finds here suggest the presence of several typological variants, while their inclusion in one main type is indicated by their general aspect and proportions. All are cast in closed bivalve moulds with the metal poured through the butt. Some were subjected to compositional analyses, such as the axe from Râșnov (cat. no. 14) with 5% Sn. In the case of two artefacts, the conditions of discovery are unknown, three are isolated finds, two are part of a hoard alongside a shaft-hole axe, and the remaining nine originate from various occupation contexts. Geographically-wise, two finds from south-eastern Transylvania come from Schneckenberg or Jigodin-type contexts and seven artefacts recovered south of the Carpathians originate from Glina-type settlements. We may thus conclude that the Glina-type flanged axes represent a consistent group, well individualised in time and space. They constitute one of the arguments (alongside the Dumbrăvioara-type shaft-hole axes, the Runcuri-type pottery etc.) for the very close links between the Glina-type communities and those on the Upper Olt Basin, within a chronological horizon dated, most probably, between 2700 and 2500 BC.

In 2015– 2017 the Prut-Dniester expedition from the Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences carried out field research at a number of Paleolithic localities in the middle reaches of the Prut and Dniester in the north-west of Moldova. This paper presents the results of new research at the Middle Paleolithic open air site of Teţcani X and the cave site of Buzdujeni I. The cultural layer of Teţcani X yielded a representative collection of flint artifacts. The flaking technology is oriented on the production of points, which were struck from unifacial single platform cores. The tool set is typical of Mousterian, no bifaces are present. The cave of Buzdujeni I was nearly completely excavated by N. A. Chetraru in the 1970’ s, but remained largely unpublished. The re-analysis of the old collection together with the materials obtained by us in 2017 challenges the once popular idea that the industry of Buzdujeni I belongs to Denticulate Mousterian, highlighting instead its Micoquian affinities such as presence of various bifacial tools. The available biostratigraphic and radiometric data, including newly obtained radiocarbon dates, appears to suggest that both sites can be broadly dated to the first half of MIS-3 or to MIS-4, with Teţcani X being probably somewhat older than Buzdujeni I

La investigación del Paleolítico superior en el interior peninsular se ha ido intensificando en los últimos años, aunque es un proceso lento. A los yacimientos ya conocidos, como Estebanvela, Buendía o Verdelpino se han ido uniendo nuevos descubrimientos, contribuyendo a apartar definitivamente el panorama de un aparente despoblamiento, algo que ya no es posible mantener al menos a partir del UMG. En este trabajo presentamos el reciente hallazgo y excavación de un yacimiento magdaleniense en Segovia, en el pie de monte sur del Sistema Central. Se trata de un hallazgo de relevancia, que contribuye a plantear nuevas vías de investigación sobre el poblamiento a finales del Paleolítico superior en las zonas interiores de la península, y sus relaciones con el Cantábrico y la zona levantina. ABSTRACT: Upper Palaeolithic research in the interior of Iberia is being intensifying in recent years, although it is a slow process. New discoveries were added to the already known sites such as Estebanvela, Buendía o Verdelpino. This definitively contributed to removing the apparent depopulation panorama of this area at least from the LGM. This paper is focused on the recent discovery and excavation of a Magdalenian site in Segovia, in the southern foothills of the Central System. This is a relevant finding, which contributes to considering new research paths on settlement areas in interior areas of the Peninsula at the end of the Upper Palaeolithic, and its relationships with the Cantabrian and Levantine areas. Peña de Santana archaeological site was discovered in 2014 and only one excavation campaign was carried out to date, in 2020. The site is located on the right bank of the Eresma River, as it passes through the city of Segovia. From a geomorphological point of view, the site is located in a flat area at eh base of a Cretaceous dolomite escarpment of the fluviokarstic canyon formed by the vertical embedding and lateral movement of the Eresma River throughout the Quaternary as it crosses the Mesozoic fringe of the northern foothills of the Central Sierra de Guadarrama. The technotypological characterization and datings in the Peña de Santana lead us to an unquestionably Magdalenian context, located in the middle phase of this chronostratigraphic period, which is located in the final stages of the LGM, specifically between the end of the GS-2.1b and the beginning of the GS-2.1a. Both this site and the Peña de Estebanvela show enough evidence to link these occupations with the Cantabrian-Pyrenean area, much more likely than with the Mediterranean area. Data presented corresponds mainly to level 3, where the fauna shows a very high degree of fragmentation, as a result of the high anthropization of the collection. Faunal remains are dominated by horses, followed by small bovids and red deer. Lithic industry of this level is dominated by lamellar schemes, both for obtaining blades and small blades. There are also many scrapers (small blade end scrapers), burins (mostly dihedral), and backed bladelets.

Copyright of Revue Archéologique de Picardie is the property of Revue Archeologique de Picardie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En este trabajo se presenta la secuencia de dataciones absolutas procedentes del oppidum de Monte Ornedo (Valdeolea, Cantabria) así como las características constructivas de las distintas estructuras defensivas. Gracias a ello ha sido posible conocer y fijar sus distintas adscripciones cronoculturales, permitiéndonos conocer su evolución desde la Segunda Edad del Hierro hasta la etapa imperial romana. ABSTRACT: In this paper we present the sequence of the absolute dating from the oppidum of Monte Ornedo (Valdeolea, Cantabria. Spain) and a study of its defensive architecture. Thanks to this, it has been possible to document two different occupation in the site. The first occupation was dated in the Second Iron Age, at which time the oppidum, defended by a stone wall, occupied the entire mount. At the end of 1st century B.C. the oppidum was destroyed by the Roman Army. As was usual in this process of conquest, on the top of Santa Marina was built a castellum, with an agger and a moat. The Iron Age peoble settled in the valley, creating a population center that could be identified with Iuliobriga.

Due to its geographical location and its Pleistocene-era antiquity, the Santa Elina rock shelter renews the analysis of prehistoric settlements in South America. In the mountains where the shelter is hidden, Pleistocene men hunted a Glossotherium, 27,000 years ago. During a second period, around more than 11,000 years ago, a giant sloth was hunted in this same privileged environment. Specific lithic industries and megafauna bones constitute very consistent archaeological contexts. Santa Elina was involved in the first settlements in South America in a paleontological context that has become part of the fossil record.

For the end of the Early Iron Age and for the beginning of the Late Iron Age in Dobroudja, the scheme proposed 4 decades ago by Bernhard Hänsel on the basis of the Dobrina and Ravna necropoleis is still relevant today. The late phase of the Ravna necropolis (III) can be relatively synchronized to the period of use of the "Murighiol" type necropoleis, as well as with the well-known rich burial at Agighiol. After the abandonment of the necropoleis of "Murighiol" type (approximately at the end of the LT B phase) a surprising lack of funeral expressiveness followed. This period of very discrete funerary practices lasted from the mid-3rd century BC until the integration of the southern bank of the Lower Danube to the Roman Empire (mid-1st century AD). For this period, the only viable landmarks for a relative periodization are offered by the oscillations of the Satu Nou dwelling. The first dwelling on the Valea lui Voicu site (levels IX - IV) could correspond to the LT C1 phase. The dwelling from Vadul Vacilor site could correspond to the LT C2 and D1 phases. A newer dwelling on the Valea lui Voicu site (levels III - I) could correspond to the LT D2 phase in the chronology of the pre-Roman Dacia.

The study of the funerary spaces of Jewish communities was initiated in the 1980s in France by Bernard Blumenkranz and Gérard Nahon with the constitution of a CNRS research team, the "New Jewish Gallia". Partly based on textual sources, they drew up an assessment or inventory of the remains linked to these populations. The work has developed since then, particularly with the emergence of preventive archaeology in France and Europe. However, they still remain relatively discreet when it comes to funerary data, for reasons partly linked to the pressure exerted by orthodox groups evoking the ban on touching the dead. These very active minorities try by all means to obstruct research by emphasizing the supremacy of Jewish law over national laws on heritage preservation. After mentioning the constraints, the article therefore proposes to present the issues at stake, a brief summary of excavation results for the only French funerary site of reference and the beginning of a reflection on a chronological point.

Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents the stratigraphic and chronological data found during the archaeological surveys Northeast of the tell settlement at Luncavita, point « Cetățuia » (Tulcea County). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of XVIIe Siècle is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergies Iran is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Synergies Algérie is the property of GERFLINT (Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches pour le Francais Langue Internationale) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

By asserting that “the Gaulish fortresses were not mere places of refuge […] but real cities occupied by a fixed population […] The oppidum was also the emporium, the market of the city […]”, Joseph Déchelette has durably conceptualized the notion of oppidum. A century later, this definition is, more or less, the one that has the favour of the whole community of Iron Age archaeologists. However, the exponential increase of data, concerning the oppida or more generally the entirety of the archaeological documentation relative to the period of the 2nd and 1st century BC, invites to an in-depth reconsideration of the analysis of Déchelette. That is what we evoked in our this paper, relying in particular on the work of Vladimir Salač, who in a series of recent papers considers that the archaeological data make possible to propose an interpretation of the advent of oppida opposed to Déchelette’s, namely, as the symptom of a “desurbanization”.

In the Roman theatre at Baelo Claudia two main phases of construction have been identified, both susceptible of different interpretations. The first belongs to the 6th decade of the 1st century CE; the second, to the beginning of the Flavian period. Both were part of a major renovation programme intended to transform the appearance of the town’s public spaces during the second half of the 1st century.

La dificultad que entraña el establecimiento de una horquilla cronológica, más o menos determinada, para ubicar la estación de arte rupestre postpaleolítico de Domingo García (Segovia) en una época concreta, pues hasta el momento las técnicas empleadas para el estudio de los centenares de grabados son infructuosas, ha hecho que se lleve a cabo un análisis interno de las imágenes que se exhiben portando algún tipo de arma, en busca de información que pueda arrojar luz sobre el período aproximado en que fueron esculpidas en los paneles de los afloramientos rocosos.Since it is difficult to establish a precise chronological range, in order to place in a particular period station rock art post-Paleolithic Domingo García (Segovia, Spain), and so far the techniques used to study hundreds of engravings have not borne fruit, it has made it conducted an internal analysis of the images that can carry some sort of weapon, looking for information that could shed light on the approximate period in which were carved panels rocky outcrops.

One important object of Sântana de Mureş-Černjachov type, investigated by extended excavation and about which we report in this article, is the cemetery at Brăviceni (Orhei district), along the lower course of the Răut river. Discovered during some building work, the site was investigated in 1977, 1980 and 1981 by rescue excavations coordinated by the late archaeologist Vasile Grosu. Following three archaeological campaigns, a large part of the necropolis was unveiled, exactly an area of 4588 m2, disclosing 173 (?) tombs and 53 pits, along with about eight burial graves destroyed by urban works. Of the 181 (?) discovered tombs, 180 (?) are burial and only one cremation, revealing the biritual character of this cemetery.

This study proposes a local paleo–landscape reconstruction of the Danube floodplain based on a stratigraphic sequence retrieved from Brateș Lake which, by its emplacement near the confluence of Danube – Prut rivers, was fully receptive to changes associated to hydrological, geomorphological or anthropogenic driven events. Due to its intermediate position within the Lower Danube valley Brateș Lake is a proxy for the evolution of Cotul Dunării area (the region of Danube valley turning from S–N to W–E direction) and provide valuable information about the timing of Danube river advancement to the Black Sea after its reconnection to World Ocean. The sediments were analysed to get the history of their deposition by means of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating, grain–size parameters, organic matter and carbonate content, magnetic susceptibility together with paleo–fauna and pollen content which altogether led to the identification of main stages: i) delta front advance into Danube estuary (before 8000 BP), ii) shoreline foreshore deposits which describe shoreline position (8000–7900 yrs BP), iii) river floodplain development (7900–5300/5000 yrs BP), iv) lake formation (5300/5000 yrs BP – present).

Copyright of Revue Archéologique de Picardie is the property of Revue Archeologique de Picardie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The essay tackles the issue of the supernatural in literature as sketched by Francesco Orlando in his recently published posthumous study Il soprannaturale letterario. Storia, logica e forme. Orlando's proposal of reformulation and categorization of the theme - which is extremely innovative and exemplified by a range of texts belonging to an ample chronological span - is discussed in relation to the theoretical tenets of the author of Per una teoria freudiana della letteratura and takes into account the previous attempts of theorization of the supernatural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In late Stuart England, print genres such as histories and almanacs were happy to put a precise date on the Reformation, but 1517 was not widely memorialised. This was partly because the complex history of English Protestantism meant that different dates for its founding could be canvassed (the arrival of Luther's ideas in the 1520s, Henry VIII's 1532 break with Rome, the reforms of Edward VI's reign (1547-1553) and Elizabeth's ecclesiastical settlement (1558-1599); and because this ambiguous past was used as a weapon in contemporary religious battles. While Anglicans tended to point to the settlements under Henry and Elizabeth as their ideal moment in the past, Dissenters and the more radical wing of the church celebrated the reforms of Edward’s rule and efforts by the Elizabethan puritan movement to perfect worship in England from the 1560s. These disputes first prevented a dating consensus emerging, and then convinced those trying to unite English Protestantism that it was counter-productive to be too precise about Tudor history. Particularly after the 1689 Revolution, commentators tried to resolve the issue by placing the Reformation in the future. The idea that reform still had to be completed provided an unfinished objective to unite different strands of opinion. This enshrined the notion of a long Reformation, that was a process – not an event; and helps explain the great spiritual energy of late Stuart Protestantism.

This study aims to publish the results of the archaeological excavations carried out in 2012 in the Neoeneolithic site from Boldeşti-Scăieni, Seciu neighbourhood (Prahova County). The surface excavated in 2012 was small, comprised of two sections. Extensive research was performed at the site in 2009 ; the results were published in a monography and in several studies. Archaeological artefacts specific to the Starčevo-Criş culture, especially ceramics, but also an inhumation burial of a child were unearthed in 2012. Archaeozoological material was also found. An Eneolithic dwelling attributed to the Stoicani-Aldeni cultural aspect was found above the Early Neolithic habitation layer. Two radiocarbon dates were obtained from samples taken from the Neolithic layer. They are presented and analised in this paper in the broader context of the evolution of the Starčevo-Criş culture at the Lower Danube.

Résumé L’Est de la Roumanie est une région étendue sur 87 500 km 2 , ouverte vers les steppes orientales, et le lieu de la plus grande concentration connue des sites gravettiens et épigravettiens du pays. Les recherches archéologiques y ont commencé dès les années 1930 et ont été considérablement amplifiées durant les années 1950, avant la réalisation des projets hydrotechniques destinés à la construction des barrages sur les cours du Prut et de la Bistrița. Les efforts des équipes multidisciplinaires impliquées et les publications qui ont suivies ont eu l’effet de signaler le potentiel archéologique de la région et de déterminer la continuation des recherches. Bien que le temps et les ressources dédiés ont été importantes, les conclusions portant sur les phénomènes culturels du Paléolithique supérieur se sont avérées souvent contradictoires et, en quelque sorte, écartées de la dynamique culturelle européenne générale. De ce fait, la réévaluation présente essaie de mettre les informations liées à la chronologie, au paléomilieu et à la culture matérielle dans un cadre plus cohérent et plus intégré aux réalités des régions limitrophes. En synthétisant les données disponibles des sites gravettiens et épigravettiens de l’Est des Carpates, on a identifié la succession suivante : ( 1 ) une étape culturelle qu’on peut attribuer à l’Aurignacien sur la Vallée du Prut, mais dont la caractérisation ne peut être définie sur la Vallée de la Bistrița, entre 31 ka et 28 ka (chronologie non calibrée) ; ( 2 ) une présence gravettienne assez ancienne (vers 27 ka–25,5 ka), pour laquelle on remarque l’aménagement des supports laminaires à dos, le décor schématique d’un pendentif en pierre et le choix des coquilles perforées comme objets de parure ; ( 3 ) un horizon avec des pointes à cran, assez discret, que les datations de 25 ka à 23 ka, situe sur le même palier chronologique que les manifestations similaires européennes et pour lequel l’utilisation précaire de l’obsidienne annonce des contacts avec les ressources/les populations de l’Europe centrale ; ( 4 ) une interface Gravettien/Épigravettien, de 21 ka à 19 ka, caractérisée par plusieurs niveaux archéologiques, dans lesquelles on observe une amplification de la production/utilisation des lamelles et aussi de l’industrie en matières dures animales ; ( 5 ) une étape épigravettienne proprement-dite, de 18 ka à 16 ka, définie par l’élargissement des choix des matières premières exploitées, l’appel plus évident à l’aménagement à dos et par la diversification de la typologie ; ( 6 ) une dernière manifestation de l’Épigravettien, vers environ 14 ka, qui exprime des options technologiques plus ou moins similaires à celles notées pour l’étape précédente. Tout en prenant en compte les éléments de la variabilité régionale et les limites de la chronologie radiocarbone existante, il apparaît que le Gravettien et l’Épigravettien de l’Est de la Roumanie ont assez de similitudes avec les technocomplexes similaires de l’Europe centrale et orientale. Opening towards the eastern steppe landmass, the Eastern Romania area covers 87,500 km 2 , and shelters the biggest number of Gravettian and Epigravettian sites currently known. Archaeological researches in the area expanded in the 1950's, during the construction of dams on the Prut and Bistrița valleys. The efforts of the multidisciplinary teams involved and the subsequently published papers highlighted the archaeological potential of the region and, with some inevitable interruptions, investigations continued to this day. Although the time and resources spent were not modest, the outcomes regarding the Upper Palaeolithic cultural sequence often proved contradictory and somehow distant from the general European cultural dynamic. Thus, this reassessment tries to put the chronological, palaeoenvironmental, and empirical data in a more coherent framework. A synthesis of the available Gravettian and Epigravettian data east of the Carpathians reveals the following sequence: (1) an Aurignacian stage on the Prut Valley, paralleled by an indefinite Upper Palaeolithic stage, from sites on the Bistrița Valley, between 31 and 28 ka (uncal BP); (2) a quite early Gravettian presence, roughly between 27 and 25.5 ka, which includes backed laminar blanks, schematic decoration of one pendant, and the use of perforated shells as adornments; (3) a scant shouldered points stage, chronologically close to the European similar phases (25–23 ka), for which the feeble use of obsidian points toward contacts with Central European resources/populations; (4) a Gravettian/Epigravettian interface, between 21 and 19 ka, manifested within numerous archaeological layers, mainly through an increase in bladelets and organic artefacts production/use; (5) an Epigravettian stage, between 18 and 16 ka, largely defined through an upturn in raw material choices, backed implements production, and tool types; (6) one last, roughly 14 ka old Epigravettian stage, in which the technological choices recalled those of the previous one. Regional variability elements and radiocarbon chronology limitations considered, apparently, the Gravettian and the Epigravettian of Eastern Romania share quite a lot of traits with the corresponding Central and Eastern European technocomplexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L’industrie paléolithique de Bose, dans le bassin de Bose, dans le Guangxi, en Chine méridionale, est bien connue dans la communauté scientifique internationale pour ses niveaux à bifaces datant de 803 ka. Sept terrasses ont été identifiées dans le bassin. La terrasse 4 est la plus importante parce que des bifaces et des tectites y ont été retrouvés. Depuis la découverte du premier site en 1973, d’autres sites du Paléolithique de Bose, dont la plupart sont situés sur la terrasse 4, ont été étudiés et fouillés. Les études précédentes ont conclu qu’il n’y a eu qu’une seule phase d’occupation avec cette industrie et que son âge est de 803 ka. Cependant, avant 2013, aucune tentative n’a été faite pour atteindre les graviers basaux du haut de la terrasse 4 par des fouilles archéologiques. Par conséquent, la stratigraphie et les couches à partir desquelles les artefacts lithiques proviennent de la terrasse 4 ne sont pas claires. En 2013–2014, nous avons réalisé une fouille de 200 m 2 sur le site de Gaolingpo qui est l’un des sites paléolithiques les plus importants du bassin de Bose. Nous avons fouillé les dépôts de gravier basal du haut de cette terrasse, exposant une coupe de plus de 7 mètres d’épaisseur qui montre clairement la stratigraphie des dépôts du Pléistocène et de l’Holocène. En outre, plus de 800 artefacts en pierre incluant des choppers, des pics, des racloirs, etc. ont été exhumés de plusieurs couches stratigraphiques différentes en termes d’âge et d’autres aspects. Basé sur la stratigraphie et les artefacts lithiques, trois étapes culturelles d’objets paléolithiques du site de Gaolingpo peuvent être établies. La première étape est d’un âge d’au moins 803 ka. La deuxième étape peut être datée à 15 ka et la troisième étape à environ 10 ka. The Bose Paleolithic industry in the Bose Basin, Guangxi, South China is well known in the international scientific community for its bearing handaxes dated back to 803 ka. Seven terraces were developed in the basin and terrace 4 is the most important because handaxes and tektites were recovered from this terrace. Since the first site was discovered in 1973, additional sites of the Bose Paleolithic industry have been investigated and excavated, most of which are located on terrace 4. The previous studies concluded that there is only one phase within this industry and its age is 803 ka. However, before 2013, no attempt had been made to dig down to the basal gravels from the top of terrace 4 in archaeological excavations. Therefore, the stratigraphy and the layers from which the stone artifacts derive of terrace 4 are not clear. In 2013–2014, we conducted an excavation of 200 m 2 at the Gaolingpo site, which is one of the most important Paleolithic sites in the Bose Basin. We excavated to the basal gravel deposits from the top of this terrace, and a section of more than 7 meters thick deposit was exposed and clearly shows the stratigraphic layers of Pleistocene and Holocene deposits. Furthermore, features and about 800 stone artifacts including choppers, picks, scrapers, etc. were excavated from several stratigraphic layers, which are different in age and other aspects. Based on stratigraphy and the stone artifacts, three stages of Paleolithic cultural remains from the Gaolingpo site can be established. The first stage is in the age of at leat 803 ka. The second stage can be dated to 15 ka and the third stage to about 10 ka. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper a typological and chronological framework of the evolution of open forms of the Phoenician table pottery is outlined, starting from the Iron Age documentation of the Syro-Palestinian coast (11th-6th centuries BC) up to the colonial elaborations of the Iberian Peninsula (9th-6th centuries BC). The definition of the chrono-typological horizons identified in both areas is combined with an analysis of the issues affecting the absolute chronology of the Iron Age in the Mediterranean basin. The focus is on the early stages of the Phoenician presence in West, given the increasing number of archaic evidences emerged notably at Huelva and Cádiz. The analysis is also carried out through the comparison with other archaic contexts recently come to light, for example, at Utica and Carthage.