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Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection worldwide. It is asymptomatic in most cases and mainly affects young women, with potential long term sequelae (pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal infertility, obstetric complications). The impact on male fertility is controversial. Screening methods as well as antibiotics use have recently been reassessed due to resistance phenomena and the negative effect on the urogenital microbiota. Positive CT serology may be indicative of tuboperitoneal pathology, which may not be noticed on hysterosalpingography. New research on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) aims to establish a patient profile at higher risk of infectious tubal damage due to CT. CT seropositivity is also associated with decreased spontaneous pregnancy rates and is a predictive factor for obstetrical complications.

To report the financial impact of using modern lens and vitreoretinal surgical techniques.Bottom-up sterilization and consumables costs for new surgical techniques (microincisional coaxial phacoemulsification and transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy) and the corresponding former techniques (phacoemulsification with 3.2-mm incision and 20G vitrectomy) were determined. These costs were compared to each other and to the target costs of the Diagnosis Related Groups for public hospitals (Groupes Homogènes de Séjours [GHS]) concerned, extracted from the analytic accounting data of the French National Cost Study (Étude Nationale des Coûts [ENC]) for 2009 (target=sum of sterilization costs posted under medical logistics, consumables, implantable medical devices, and special pharmaceuticals posted as direct expenses).For outpatient lens surgery with or without vitrectomy (GHS code: 02C05J): the ENC's target cost for 2009 was 339€ out of a total of 1432€. The cost detailed in this study was 4 % higher than the target cost when the procedure was performed using the former technique (3.2mm sutured incision) and 12 % lower when the procedure was performed using the new technique (1.8mm sutureless) after removing now unnecessary consumables and optimization of the technique. For level I retinal detachment surgeries (GHS code: 02C021): the ENC's 2009 target cost was 641€ out of a total of 3091€. The cost specified in this study was 1 % lower than the target cost when the procedure was done using the former technique (20-G vitrectomy) and 16 % less when the procedure was performed using the new technique (transconjunctival vitrectomy) after removal of now unnecessary consumables and optimization of the technique.Contrary to generally accepted ideas, implementing modern techniques in ocular surgery can result in direct cost and sterilization savings when the operator takes advantage of the possibilities these techniques offer in terms of simplification of the procedures to do away with consumables that are no longer necessary.

The authors report on two cases of spontaneous spinal epidural hematomas with atypical subacute clinical presentation and good recovery after surgical treatment. Etiologies, physiopathology, early diagnosis and treatment are considered through a brief review of the literature.

Two cases of lupus dementia presented many points of particular interest: 1) the progressive installation of intellectual deterioration, inaugural for the first observation; 2) the diagnostic difficulties of neurolupus with the ARA criteria; 3) the appearance of cerebral magnetic resonance imaging with confluent hypersignals of the periventricular white matter on T2-weighted images; 4) the patholophysiological hypotheses: vascular disease? immunologic disease?; 5) the clinical improvement and SPECT amelioration for the second patient with corticosteroids.

The aim of the work reported here was to evaluate the effects of an adjuvant treatment composed of an association of vitamins with an amino acid: beta-alanine, in cancer patients. This adjuvant therapy has been given to 17 subjects with a squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract treated by radiotherapy most cases were T3 (according to the TNM-UICC). After a 63 months follow-up, 7 patients are alive and sterilized, 4 are alive but no sterilized, 2 died, 4 were excluded from the study. Besides a physical comfort improved in all our patients, we note a restoration of the immune defenses, both humoral and cellular, disturbed by radiotherapy. At last, we note an increase of survival in the patients treated by the adjuvant therapy, compared to a reference population of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract. Despite the limits of the study, it was interesting to report the positive effects of the therapeutical association, vitamins and beta-alanine, after a combined radio-surgical treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of upper aerodigestive tract.

Les assimilats formés par les limbes et distribués vers les organes puits jouent un rôle capital dans la construction des organes végétatifs. De plus, l’allocation de carbone aux nodosités est garante d’un système fixateur efficient. A l’aide d’un «phytomodèle» et de marquages courts au 14C02, nous avons déterminé le rôle de la ramification sur les flux de photoassimilats chez le trèfle blanc. Les données montrent clairement que l’interaction «âge de la ramification-position de la feuille source« gère les relations entre les puits. La force du puits nodosités tend à chuter en présence d’une ramification surnuméraire en cours de développement. L’étude confirme le rôle tampon du stolon : l’activité de l’ensemble de l’organe de réserve est peu modifiée, quelles que soient les modalités du marquage. En revanche, la part allouée au stolon-fils est d’autant plus importante que la ramification est âgée, avec comme conséquence une moindre distribution au stolon parent. Un point végétatif à 4 feuilles reçoit encore du carbone issu des feuilles sources du stolon parent., Assimilates synthetized by the lamina and translocated to the sink organs play an important role in the building of the vegetative organs. Especially, the efficiency of nitrogen fixation depends on the carbon supply to the nodules. With the help of a white clover "phytomodel" and short pulse labelling of single leaf with 14C02, we have determined the role of ramifications on assimilate flux to various plant organs. Two cases were distinguished (Figure 1): - stolon without ramification, with only 8 leaves and 1 apex - stolon with 1 ramification, 2 apices; - ramification with 2 leaves (R4) - ramification with 4 leaves (R8) near the nodulated roots Different leaves were chosen (Table l) in order to determine assimilate distribution : - from the main stolon towards the ramification (fed leaves F4 and F8; - from the ramification towards the main stolon (fed leaves F1 and F2 : ramification R4 ; fed leaves F1 and F4 ; ramification R8). The ramifications R4 and R8 imported significant assimilates -14C (Tables IIa & llb) from leaves of the main stolon. Consequently the sink strength of nodules decreased (Table III). 14C-photosynthate exportation from the ramifications towards the main stolon was high, with 38-52°% of the exported activity according to the labelled leaf (Table IVa). Position of the labelled leaf and of the branch stolon played a role in the assimilate distribution to the organs (Table IVb) which influenced the sink strength of nodules and ramification. Branch stolon showed a high sink strength especially in the case of R4 labelled leaf f2 (Table V). Whatever the labelled leaf position, this study confirms the buffering power of the whole stolon (main stolon + stolon of the ramification; Figure 2). On the other hand, the older the daughter branch, the higher the assimilate supply, and consequently the lower the allocation to the parent stolon.