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Objective To assess the effectiveness of a community-based tuberculosis and leprosy intervention in which village health teams and health workers conduct door-to-door tuberculosis screening, targeted screenings and contact tracing. Methods We conducted a before-and-after implementation study in Uganda to assess the effectiveness of the community tuberculosis intervention by looking at reach, outputs, adoption and effectiveness of the intervention. Campaign 1 was conducted in March 2022 and campaign 2 in September 2022. We calculated percentages of targets achieved and compared case notification rates during the intervention with corresponding quarters in the previous year. We also assessed the leprosy screening. Findings Over 5 days, campaign 1 screened 1 289 213 people (2.9% of the general population), of whom 179 144 (13.9%) fulfilled the presumptive tuberculosis criteria, and 4043 (2.3%) were diagnosed with bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis; 3710 (91.8%) individuals were linked to care. In campaign 2, 5 134 056 people (11.6% of the general population) were screened, detecting 428 444 (8.3%) presumptive tuberculosis patients and 8121 (1.9%) bacteriologically-confirmed tuberculosis patients; 5942 individuals (87.1%) were linked to care. The case notification rate increased from 48.1 to 59.5 per 100 000 population in campaign 1, with a case notification rate ratio of 1.24 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.22--1.26). In campaign 2, the case notification rate increased from 45.0 to 71.6 per 100 000 population, with a case notification rate ratio of 1.59 (95% CI: 1.56--1.62). Of the 176 patients identified with leprosy, 137 (77.8%) initiated treatment. Conclusion This community tuberculosis screening initiative is effective. However, continuous monitoring and adaptations are needed to overcome context-specific implementation challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published by Palgrave Macmillan This chapter explores the thesis that the United Nations’ (UN) most important contribution to the production of global public goods has been its role in creating the space and capacity to generate shared values. Starting with the UN Charter itself, the chapter traces the evolution of this contribution through different historical phases. It analyses the impact of globalisation on the role of the UN; in particular it identifies the quality of porousness as a product of globalisation which is critical to understanding the current challenges faced by the UN as well as central to the global public goods agenda. Through this lens the author briefly reviews the evolution of the UN’s role in the fields of peace and security, human rights and development cooperation. He concludes by identifying eight levers for change that will determine the UN’s ability to contribute significantly to the global public goods: the generation of norms and shared values, the quality of leadership, improved governance, innovative financing, institutional realignment, the further consolidation of legal instruments, focus, and the power of networks.

Cet article explore la thèse selon laquelle la contribution la plus importante de l’Organisation des Nations unies (ONU) à la production de biens publics mondiaux a été son rôle dans l’instauration d’espaces et de capacités permettant de créer des valeurs communes. Débutant par la Charte elle-même, l’auteur retrace l’évolution de cette contribution à travers différentes phases historiques. Il analyse l’impact de la mondialisation sur le rôle des Nations unies ; il identifie notamment la qualité de la perméabilité en tant que produit de la mondialisation, ce qui est essentiel à la compréhension des défis actuels auxquels font face les Nations unies et également au cœur du programme sur les biens publics mondiaux (BPM). L’article examine brièvement, sous cet angle, l’évolution du rôle des Nations unies dans les domaines de la paix et de la sécurité, des droits de l’homme et de la coopération au développement. En conclusion sont identifiés huit leviers de changement qui détermineront la faculté des Nations unies à contribuer de manière substantielle aux BPM : l’instauration de normes et de valeurs communes, la qualité de la direction, l’amélioration de la gouvernance, un réalignement institutionnel, des financements innovants, le renforcement de la consolidation des instruments juridiques, la concentration sur des points stratégiques et le pouvoir des réseaux.

Includes the following reviews: p. 221-222. Norman Vance. Arndt, M., A Critical Study of Sean O'Faolain's Life and Work. p. 222-226. Göran Kjellmer. Deuter, M., Greenan, J., Noble, J. & Phillips, J. (eds), Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English. p. 225-228. Arne Olofsson. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. p. 228-231. Sölve Ohlander. Skrivregler för svenska och engelska från TNC. p. 231-232. Karin Aijmer. Høeg Müller, H., Reflections on Modality. p. 232-233. Bruce Junkin. Gibson, R., Intercultural Business Communication. p. 233. Maria Proitsaki. Anderson, L., Autobiography. p. 233-234. Gustav Korlén. Paul, H., Deutsches Wörterbuch. p. 234-238. Wolfgang Höppner. Almgren, B., Illusion und Wirklichkeit. Individuelle und kollektive Denkmunster in Nazionalsozialistischer Kulturpolitik und Germanistik in Schweden 1928-1945. p. 238-239. Ingemar Söhrman. Nosell, D., Diccionari Suec-Català. Includes the following thesis summaries: p. 239-240. Gille, J. Pautas argumentativas en el diálogo espontáneo. Un estudio de conversaciones intra e interculturales. p. 240. Castro, A. El encuentro imposibile. La conformación del fantástico ambiguo en la narrativa breve argentina (1862-1910).

To explore the relations between identity and development in a post-colonial context, also means to put into perspective small states identity strategies in the Caribbean region. In the Commonwealth of Dominica, personalities from the political, economical, cultural and educational sectors interviewed in 2004 on this issue, proposed through their views, an idea of progress based on the coherence between identity and development. To shed light on the role of the diaspora in the cultural and economic project of the young Dominican nation (1978), is to ask how returnees can contribute to the evolution of ideological representations of progress in former colonies which are legitimately seeking welfare. The article focuses on that concern of the third millennium which humankind has to face: how can science and technological advancement be used for the development of men and women in order to first and foremost secure their welfare?

The Brooks-Corey power-law capillary pressure model is commonly imposed on core analysis data without verifying the validity of its underlying assumptions. The Brooks-Corey model, originally developed to model the pressure head during the drainage of soil, is only valid at low wetting phase saturations. However, such models are often applied in petroleum production simulations and may lead to erroneous recovery factors when the saturation range of interest is far from the end points. We demonstrate that exponential models work much better for capillary pressure compared to the Brooks-Corey model over a wide saturation range. Mercury injection porosimetry, petrographic image analysis, and magnetic resonance studies suggest that the pore and throat size distribution in many rocks are log-normally distributed. This fact was previously employed to calculate the capillary pressure function as a function of saturation for pore size distributions described by atruncated log-normal distribution. Employing a Taylor series expansion, we simplify the random fractal capillary pressure model of Hunt to Pc = exp(a − bS), where S is the wetting phase saturation, and a and b characteristic of the porous medium. An extensive dataset of seventeen centrifuge capillary pressure measurements were used in this research to demonstrate the merit of the new method. For both sandstones and carbonates, the logarithm of capillary pressure showed a linear relationship with saturation as observed by magnetic resonance imaging centrifuge capillary pressure measurements over a wide saturation range. This work demonstrates that: (a) in semi-log plots of capillary pressure as a function of saturation, capillary pressurewill vary linearly over a wide saturation range, (b) such a plot as described in (a) will show the uni-or bimodal pore size distribution of the rock, (c) the exponential capillary pressure function simplifies analytical modelsthat use the capillary pressure function, for example oil recovery models for fractured reservoirs.

Methane hydrate deposits world-wide are promising sources of natural gas. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has proven useful in previous studies of hydrate formation. In the present work, methane hydrate formation in a water saturated sand pack was investigated employing an MRI-compatible metallic core holder at low magnetic field with a suite of advanced MRI methods developed at the UNB MRI Centre. The new MRI methods are intended to permit observation and quantification of residual fluids in the pore space as hydrate forms. Hydrate formation occurred in the water-saturated sand at 1500 psi and 4 °C. The core holder has a maximum working pressure of 4000 psi between -28 and 80 °C. The heat-exchange jacket enclosing the core holder enabled very precise control of the sample temperature. A pure phase encode MRI technique, SPRITE, and a bulk T1-T2 MR method provided high quality measurements of pore fluid saturation. Rapid 1D SPRITE MRI measurements time resolved the disappearance of pore water and hence the growth of hydrate in the sand pack. 3D π-EPI images confirmed that the residual water was inhomogeneously distributed along the sand pack. Bulk T1-T2 measurements discriminated residual water from the pore gas during the hydrate formation. A recently published local T1-T2 method helped discriminate bulk gas from the residual fluids in the sample. Hydrate formation commenced within two hours of gas supply. Hydrate formed throughout the sand pack, but maximum hydrate was observed at the interface between the gas pressure head and the sand pack. This irregular pattern of hydrate formation became more uniform over 24 hours. The rate of hydrate formation was greatest in the first two hours of reaction. An SE-SPI T2 map showed the T2 distribution changed considerably in space and time as hydrate formation continued. Changes in the T2 distribution are interpreted as pore level changes in residual water content and environment.