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Young people engage daily with various social media platforms to communicate with each other across the globe. Adolescents not only share text, but also use images and sound to express themselves on platforms such as Instagram and TikTok to provide access to user-created content. The recent emergence of InstaPoetry—poetry with images on Instagram—has been part of such communication and provides a good entry point into adolescents’ engagement with literature and the arts. Limited research exists, however, on how this literate practice, paired with virtual and in-person museum visits, influences young people’s self-expression. In this article, we offer ways of integrating and involving these dynamic dimensions into research projects based on four sites of inquiry located in Canada and Australia. Funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, this research project provides concrete avenues to investigate teachers’ methods to foster adolescents’ engagement with literature and the arts (i.e., contextual design, procedures, environment) in (post) COVID-19 times.

The academic library milieu is replete with verbal interactions that occur between library staff and patrons, as well as within the library staff cohort. Such communication impacts the quality and results of library support provided to students, faculty and community. It also affects workplace health and productivity. Consequently, among academic library staff, knowledge and awareness of effective language use is a crucial component of professional practice. This scoping review examines and analyzes the published literature for beneficial and detrimental verbatim exemplars of communication in the context of academic libraries. While the review found significant literature addressing categories of interpersonal communication in the academic library, few studies provide verbal exemplars. Given that such exemplars play an important role in understanding language categories, and in augmenting effective language use, this gap in the literature warrants further attention.

This paper considers some implications of Ovid’s concept of a perpetuum carmen by examining how the ‘narrative line’ of the poem takes shape. I focus on how the Metamorphoses can be described in terms of horizontality, or verticality, or both, and use the Cadmus and Achelous episodes to demonstrate how ‘linear’ entities, particularly snakes and rivers, can determine the progress of the stories in which they appear.

Vegetation is important for managing shallow geotechnical assets. However, root water uptake-driven changes in slope hydrology and the near-surface (soil water content, matric suction, and hydraulic conductivity) are highly complex. Improved knowledge of these processes is increasingly important as society faces the threat of a greater prevalence of climate-driven extreme rainfall and drought events. Intrinsic factors affect slope stability, including geometry, soil properties, groundwater, and vegetation-driven matric suction. Field evidence shows that engineered slopes are susceptible to hydrometeorological instability mechanisms and pose a potential failure hazard to asset operation and public safety. This study considers the combination of a novel geophysical monitoring system and geotechnical point sensors for use in controlled laboratory conditions to assess the influence of vegetation on soil-water dynamics in the context of geotechnical infrastructure. The geophysical monitoring system, referred to here as PRIME (Proactive Infrastructure Monitoring and Evaluation system), uses electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) technology to non-invasively image changing subsurface moisture-driven processes. The PRIME system and point sensor arrays are being developed for near real-time data acquisition of transient soil moisture conditions in a suite of soil column experiments. Through addressing the challenges associated with designing integrated geophysical-geotechnical laboratory-scale monitoring experiments, this research aims to provide new tools and approaches to further our understanding of vegetation-driven soil moisture movement to better assess slope instability risk.

In most traditional accounts of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) text and discourse are viewed as being the product of a one-directional flow of information from a handful of dominant (and powerful) text producers to an seemingly subordinate mass of readers who passively consume texts. To this end, CDA proclaims an interest in both production and reception factors as they are reflected in social practices (Fetzer & Johansson, 2008). Yet, in the CDA literature actual empirical data focusing on reception factors have often been lacking and/or have been limited to the researcher’s personal reading of a text. With the advent and spread of converged media platforms (Herring, 2013) and the new discourse practices this entails such factors need to be reconsidered and the more prominent role played by users in both reception and (co-)construction of texts embraced (Boyd, 2014). This work focuses on the importance of user-generated content in user comments written in response to online newspaper editorials and proposes that such commenting practices not only change media discourse and social practice but also, ultimately, may upend the traditional flow of media discourse, transforming it from a primarily top-down, one-to-many model to a more interactive and participatory model that fosters many-to-many participation schemes (KhosraviNik & Zia, 2014). In traditional print newspapers text consumers had few opportunities to respond directly to a topic they felt strongly about if not in the form of a “letter to the editor” which was not guaranteed publication. Furthermore, editorials, as the official mouthpiece of a news organisation, were seen as playing a predominant role in evaluating issues, forming public opinion and eliciting reader support and agreement (Henry & Tator, 2002; Moon, 1994; Van Dijk, 1991). Today, most online newspapers allow users to comment on both news reports and opinion articles, including editorials, in which they can react to as well as interact with media texts. Such social interaction gives the (CDA) researcher access to valuable user-generated content which can help to gauge, in part, the degree to which such media texts as editorials still have in forming and swaying public opinion. By focusing on reader comments in a limited set of editorials (dealing with the European migrant crisis), this study attempts to determine readers’ varying opinions about the issue and how this reflects and/or diverges from the view(s) presented by the editorial. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the empirical data (the editorials and reader comments) aim to demonstrate the various representations of society inherent in online newspaper discourse. In particular, the analysis focuses on the linguistic means adopted by text producers to align themselves with (proximization) or differentiate themselves from (distancing) from the views presented in the editorial. Thus, the work is interested in the ways in which powerful public discourses are received by the general public through the interactive feature of text commenting available on many media platforms. Text commenting, in turn, is seen as crucial to understanding how certain texts are received and transformed by different types of (social) media users in the online newspaper.

Large first year undergraduate courses have unique challenges in the promotion of student engagement and self-directed learning due to resource constraints that prohibit small group discussions with instructors. The Monthly Virtual Mystery was developed to increase student engagement in a large (N = 725) first year undergraduate class in anthropology at the University of Toronto Mississauga. The teaching challenge was to develop a participation component (worth 6% of the final grade) that would increase student engagement without incurring any additional resource costs. The goal of the virtual mystery was to incorporate the principles of problem-based learning to engage students in self-directed learning through an online medium. Groups of approximately 50 students collaborated on a series of “virtual” case studies in a discussion board. Students submitted comments or questions each week to identify the information they needed to solve the mystery. A facilitator oversaw the discussion board to guide students in collaboration and resource acquisition. The final grades of students who participated in the virtual mystery (N=297) were compared to students who participated in a passive online learning exercise that involved watching weekly online videos and answering questions in a course reader (N = 347). Student self-selection determined group participation. Participation completion for both the virtual mystery and the course reader were high (78.8% and 91.6% respectively). There were no significant differences in the distribution of final grades between the participation options. The high completion rate of the virtual mystery demonstrated that an active learning project can be implemented using problem-based learning principles through an online discussion board; however, the large online group collaborations were problematic. Students were frustrated with repetition and inequitable participation in such large groups; however, students evaluated the monthly mystery as a valuable learning tool that engaged them through the practical nature of the case scenarios. Au premier cycle, les grandes classes de première année présentent des défis uniques en ce qui concerne la promotion de la participation de l’étudiant et de l’apprentissage autonome en raison des contraintes au niveau des ressources qui empêchent les discussions par petits groupes avec des instructeurs. Le Monthly Virtual Mystery (Le mystère virtuel mensuel) a été créé afin d’améliorer la participation des étudiants dans les très grandes classes (N = 725) d’anthropologie de première année, au premier cycle, à l’Université de Toronto Mississauga. Ce défi en matière d’enseignement avait pour but de développer une composante de participation (qui valait 6 % de la note finale) qui allait permettre d’augmenter la participation des étudiants sans que cela entraîne des coûts supplémentaires en ressources. L’objectif du mystère virtuel était d’incorporer les principes de l’apprentissage par problèmes afin d’engager les étudiants dans un apprentissage autonome grâce à un support en ligne. Des groupes d’environ 50 étudiants ont collaboré à une série d’études de cas « virtuelles » dans un forum de discussion. Les étudiants ont envoyé chaque semaine des commentaires ou des questions afin d’identifier les renseignements dont ils avaient besoin pour résoudre le mystère. Un animateur contrôlait le forum de discussion afin de guider les étudiants dans leur collaboration et leur acquisition des ressources. Les notes finales des étudiants qui avaient participé au mystère virtuel (N = 297) ont été comparées à celles des étudiants qui avaient participé à un exercice d’apprentissage passif en ligne qui consistait à regarder des vidéos hebdomadaires en ligne et à répondre à des questions figurant dans un recueil des textes du cours (N = 347). L’auto-sélection des étudiants avait déterminé la participation aux groupes. La participation, tant pour le mystère virtuel que pour le recueil des textes du cours, a été très élevée (78,8 % et 91,6 % respectivement). Aucune différence significative n’a été notée entre les deux options de participation en ce qui concerne la répartition des notes finales. Le taux de réussite élevé du mystère virtuel a montré qu’un projet d’apprentissage actif peut être mis en place si on utilise les principes de l’apprentissage par problèmes dans un forum de discussion en ligne. Toutefois, les collaborations de grands groupes en ligne ont posé quelques problèmes : les étudiants se sont sentis frustrés par la répétition et la participation inéquitable dans de tels grands groupes. Pourtant, les étudiants ont évalué le mystère mensuel comme un outil d’apprentissage utile qui leur a permis de participer grâce à la nature pratique des scénarios des études de cas.

Abstract – This chapter investigates the use of pragmatic strategies in mediated encounters between migrants and Italian authorities, when English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) is used as a means to bridge the linguistic differences between the two parties involved. Reference to ‘outer circle’ English (Kachru 1985) is made which is contrasted with the theory put forward by Graddol in which the distinction between native/non-native speaker is replaced by categories classified according to language competency. This is applied to the context of immigration in connection with the varieties spoken by migrants and mediators. Case studies of instances of accommodation and negotiation, or lack of it, are analyzed to verify if language authentication occurs and how effective it is in drawing the diverse socio-linguistic and pragma-cultural schemata closer together in ELF discourse.

The significance of status Between nations and across cultures, threats to the social status of an individual or group motivate retaliatory violence. History provides countless examples of such violence, committed at all levels of society. Whether orchestrated by individuals or governments, the perpetrators almost invariably justify the violence as a necessary response to an existential threat. “Cultures of honor” such as the Southeastern United States condone the use of violence to protect one’s reputation and, unsurprisingly, this region of America has consistently produced the highest levels of per capita violence in the entire country.Additionally, religious texts warn of the destructive power of “pride,” placing it with envy, greed, wrath, lust, gluttony and sloth as one of the Seven Deadly Sins. Our personal experiences with road rage, school bullies and office politics all provide a regular stream of anecdotal evidence of the inexplicably powerful emotions driving those whose status has been threatened. As a former mental health counselor, criminal prosecutor and gang task force coordinator in the Southeastern United States, this author has personally observed numerous examples of pride’s destructive influence. Deadly bar fights, domestic violence and street gang conflicts frequently ensue from seemingly trivial offenses to one’s status. In American cities,simply spray painting over a rival gang’s graffiti can lead to retaliation murder. In fact, gang retaliation plays out so consistently that when a gang entrenched neighborhood gets shot up, the police can usually predict which neighborhood they will respond to for the next shooting.

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This article presents findings from a participatory evaluation of alumni groups—Think Tanks—affiliated with the Inside-Out Prison Exchange Program. Think Tanks are cocurricular settings wherein participants develop and apply skills and capacities valuable within and beyond the context of meetings. Data come from nine focus groups convened in eight prisons located in five states. The article addresses the dearth of information about cocurricular programs in prison and outlines why they are important settings for professional and personal development. The analysis focuses on participants’ concerns about their cocurricular program. Four themes emerged that indicate the relevance of structure, culture, and agency for cocurricular programs in carceral settings. Themes of concern include the following: challenges with the ability to convene, group consequences due to individual member misconduct, limited resources, and group disruptions from new member additions. The findings have implications for inquiries that assess practices that affect education prison program participation and engagement. Findings also suggest the need to complement curricular with cocurricular programs in carceral settings to advance maximum participant benefits in prison and postrelease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Political discourse is situated spatially and temporally on constantly shifting (political) terrain; it is ideologically driven and is embedded in, and a reflection of, a complex web of norms and conventions, including historical, cultural and linguistic ones. Among its strategic functions are coercion, resistance or opposition, and legitimization or delegitimization. This last function is shared by the media which, in reframing and representing statements and events, also contributes to legitimizing and delegitimizing ideas, policies, individuals and groups. And, when political statements originating in a foreign country are reported in Canadian and U.S. media, translators are called upon to participate in this reframing. Media reports of political discourse therefore provide an important source for examining interpretations and reinterpretations. This paper examines statements made by Cuban politicians, and published in English-language media in Canada and the United States. It explores the ways in which Cuba's stance toward the recent economic crisis reproduced pre-established discourse around the ongoing U.S. embargo. An analysis of translations of these statements reveals evidence of the delegitimization of Cuban discourse through editorial and translation strategies. Keywords: political discourse, media, Cuba, Canada and U.S., economic crisis. “PARA RESISTIR LA CRISIS Y PROGRESAR” –LECTURAS Y TRADUCCIONES DE DISCURSOS POLÍTICOS CUBANOS Resumen: El discurso político está situado en un universe (politico) espaciotemporal que cambia constantemente. Este discurso de naturaleza ideológica se entreteje en una red compleja de normas y convenciones, de caracteres históricos, culturales y lingüísticos. Entre sus funciones estratégicas están la coacción, la resistencia o la oposición, y la legitimación o la deslegitimación. Esta última función es también propia de los medios de comunicación que, al reformular y representar declaraciones y eventos, también contribuyen a legitimar o deslegitimar ideas, políticas, individuos o grupos. Y, cuando las declaraciones políticas que se originan en un país extranjero son citadas en los medios de comunicación de Canadá y de Estados Unidos, se recurre a los traductores para esta reformulación. Por lo tanto, los informes de los medios de comunicación sobre los discursos políticos proporcionan una fuente importante para examinar las interpretaciones y reinterpretaciones. Este artículo examina las declaraciones hechas por políticos cubanos y publicadas en los medios de comunicación en Canadá y en Estados Unidos. Se exploran las formas en que la posición de Cuba sobre la reciente crisis económica repite discursos preestablecidos alrededor del embargo de Estados unidos. Un análisis de las traducciones de estas declaraciones evidencia la deslegitimación del discurso cubano mediante estrategias editoriales y traductoras. Palabras clave: discurso político, medios de comunicación, Cuba, Canadá y Estados Unidos, crisis económica. “PARA RESISTIR LA CRISIS Y PROGRESAR” –LECTURES ET TRADUCTIONS DES DISCOURS POLITIQUES CUBAINS Résumé : Le discours politique appartient à un univers spatiotemporel en mouvance constante. En même temps, ce discours à caractère idéologique est ancré dans un réseau complexe de normes et de conventions, qu'elles soient historiques, culturelles ou linguistiques. Parmi ses fonctions stratégiques sont la coercition, la résistance ou l'opposition, et la légitimisation ou la délégitimisation. Cette dernière fonction est aussi le propre des médias, qui reformulent et représentent des déclarations et des évènements et, ainsi, jouent un rôle déterminant dans légitimation et la délégitimisation d'idées, de politiques, d'individus et de groupes. Et, lorsque les médias au Canada et aux États-Unis publient des déclarations politiques provenant de pays étrangers, les traducteurs sont appelés à participer à cette reformulation. Le reportage de discours politique est donc une ressource importante pour l'étude des interprétations et réinterprétations. Le présent article porte sur des déclarations prononcées par des politiques cubains et publiées dans les médias de langue anglaise au Canada et aux États-Unis. Les auteurs examinent les manifestations discursives de la position cubaine sur la crise économique récente et sur l'embargo de longue durée par les États-Unis. Leur analyse de la traduction de ces déclarations révèle que des stratégies rédactionnelles et traductionnelles concourent à la délégitimisation du discours cubain. Mots clé : discours politique, media, Cuba, Canada et Etats-Unis, crise économique.

Shortly after losing his teaching position at Göttingen University in September 1933, Nikolaus Pevsner (1902-1983) travelled to England as a refugee from National Socialist Germany. Thanks to his prodigious energy and ambition, his career flourished, and at the time of his death in 1983 he had become a national institution and the preeminent expert on British architecture. The emotional and scholarly transition from Adolf Hitler's Germany to 1930s England was by no means easy for Pevsner, however, and this article investigates Pevsner's continuing debt at this time to German art history (Kunstgeschichte) in general, and to his doctoral supervisor, Wilhelm Pinder, in particular. The discussion, set within the broader context of émigré studies, addresses the contrasting practice of art history in the two countries at that time and the essential differences between conservatism, nationalism, and fascism.

El discurso político está situado en un universe (politico) espaciotemporal que cambia constantemente. Este discurso de naturaleza ideológica se entreteje en una red compleja de normas y convenciones, de caracteres históricos, culturales y lingüísticos. Entre sus funciones estratégicas están la coacción, la resistencia o la oposición, y la legitimación o la deslegitimación. Esta última función es también propia de los medios de comunicación que, al reformular y representar declaraciones y eventos, también contribuyen a legitimar o deslegitimar ideas, políticas, individuos o grupos. Y, cuando las declaraciones políticas que se originan en un país extranjero son citadas en los medios de comunicación de Canadá y de Estados Unidos, se recurre a los traductores para esta reformulación. Por lo tanto, los informes de los medios de comunicación sobre los discursos políticos proporcionan una fuente importante para examinar las interpretaciones y reinterpretaciones. Este artículo examina las declaraciones hechas por políticos cubanos y publicadas en los medios de comunicación en Canadá y en Estados Unidos. Se exploran las formas en que la posición de Cuba sobre la reciente crisis económica repite discursos preestablecidos alrededor del embargo de Estados unidos. Un análisis de las traducciones de estas declaraciones evidencia la deslegitimación del discurso cubano mediante estrategias editoriales y traductoras.

Résumé: Chez les patients vivant avec le VIH et coinfectés par l'hépatite B (VHB), le risque d'être également porteur d'une infection par le virus de l'hépatite Delta (VHD) est six fois plus élevé que chez les personnes uniquement infectées par le VHB, en particulier chez les usagers de drogue par voie intraveineuse, les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec les hommes ou encore les personnes provenant de zones de forte endémie comme l'Afrique centrale. La présence de l'immuno-dépression induite par le VIH agit de façon délétère sur l'histoire naturelle du VHD : elle diminue la probabilité d'une séroconversion spontanée, elle accélère de façon considérable l'évolution de la fibrose vers la cirrhose et le carcinome hépato-cellulaire et elle diminue voire annihile totalement la réponse à l'interféron-α pégylé. Il ne semble pas en revanche qu'une co-infection par le VHD augmente le risque d'aggravation du VIH et l'apparition d'évènements Sida. Aucun antiviral direct tel que le bulévirtide ou le lonafarnib n'a été pour l'instant spécifiquement évalué dans le contexte du VIH. À ce jour, la meilleure prévention de l'infection par le VHD reste la vaccination contre le VHB. Pour les personnes vivant avec le VIH et très immunodéprimées qui ne sont pas répondeuses à la vaccination, inclure dans leur traitement antirétroviral le ténofovir permet d'agir de façon prophylactique contre l'acquisition du VHB. In patients living with HIV and co-infected with hepatitis B (HBV), the risk of also being infected with hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) is more than 6 times higher than in people infected with HBV alone, particularly among intravenous drug users, men who have sex with men, and people from highly endemic areas such as Central Africa. The presence of HIV-induced immunosuppression has a deleterious effect on the natural history of HDV: it decreases the probability of spontaneous seroconversion, considerably accelerates the progression of fibrosis towards cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and significantly decreases the response to pegylated interferon α. On the other hand, co-infection with HDV does not appear to increase the risk of HIV aggravation and the development of AIDS events. No direct antiviral drugs such as bulevirtide or lonafarnib have been specifically evaluated in the context of HIV. To date, the best prevention of HDV infection remains vaccination against HBV. For highly immunocompromised people living with HIV who do not respond to vaccination, including tenofovir in their antiretroviral treatment can act prophylactically against HBV acquisition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le fait de souligner le phénomène de transformation importante de la famille au cours des 30 dernières années est devenu un lieu commun. En effet, le portrait démographique et sociologique [...]

In Mbodomo, a Gbaya language spoken in Cameroon, the tense/aspect of the verb plays an important role in narrative discourse. In general, tense/aspect is not marked on main clause verbs except in the story setting. Outside of the story setting, tense/aspect inflection is used for marking discontinuity of reference (topic, participants), situation (time, location), or action within the narrati ve text.