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In nuclear physics, the interaction between the ion beam and the target produces a a large amount of events. Some of these events have no interest for the studied physical phenomenon ; the useful events are sorted using a trigger. We have studied and realized a new trigger suitable for the GANIL (Grands Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds) experiments. After an overview of the triggers used up to now at GANIL, we give the main features of the new trigger (GANIL Master Trigger, GMT) such as modularity, universality and versality. After a description of the trigger operating modes, we depict the trigger realization steps. The trigger informs about fired detectors in a beam to target collision but gives no information about timing, nevertheless the timing is a very important piece of information if the trigger analysis duration in several times greater than the beam period. We suggest a timing measurement structure (Time to Digital Converter, TDC) able to eliminate this imprecision. The Dead time, the low level intégration and the consumption contraisnts lead us to prefer a digital architecture based on a digital counter associated with delay lines. Simple equations are given in order to define the operating area of the TDC. This area depends on the clock duty cycle and the delay line taps. Measures of Differential Non Linearity (DNL) for different time résolutions (1 ,2, 5 and 10 ns) allow to establish the limits of this system and to underline some solutions to improve these features., En physique nucléaire, l'interaction faisceau-cible engendre une multitude d'événements qui ne sont pas tous d'intérêt pour le phénomène physique étudié. Il est donc important de disposer d'un système de sélection nommé trigger. Nous avons étudié et réalisé un nouveau trigger adapté aux expériences menées au GANIL. Nous avons présenté un historique des différents triggers utilisés aux GANIL (Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds) et avons montré la nécessité d'un nouveau trigger modulaire, universel et ouvert. Après une description des différents modes de fonctionnement du nouveau trigger (GANIL Master Trigger, GMT) nous avons décrit les phases de sa conception et de sa réalisation. Le trigger renseigne sur la configuration des détecteurs temporels, or cette information peut être fondamentale dans le cas où la fenêtre d'analyse du trigger couvre plusieurs périodes du faisceau. Nous avons donc proposé une structure de mesure de temps (Time to Digital Converter, TDC) qui permet de lever cette indétermination. Les contraintes de temps mort, d'intégration et de consommation nous ont conduit à proposer une architecture numérique basée sur un compteur associé à une ligne A Retard (LAR). Des calculs simples ont permis de définir la zone de fonctionnement du TDC. Cette zone dépend du rapport cyclique de l'horloge et des retards de la LAR. Des mesures de Non Linéarité Différentielle (NLD) pour des résolutions différentes (1,2,5 et 10 ns) ont permis d'établir les limites de ce système et de mettre en évidence des solutions d'amélioration de ces caractéristiques.

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In mature rat Leydig cells, the testosterone output (24 ng/10(6) Leydig cells/4hrs.) is increased 10 fold by LH; the addition of serum from either control or castrated or hypophysectomized rams inhibits (60%) the LH-stimulated testosterone production. Similarly, the incubation of immature rat Leydig cells with sera from hypophysectomized patients leads to a diminution (70 and 30% respectively) of both basal (0.98 ng) and LH stimulated (3.44 ng) testosterone biosynthesis. These data suggest the existence of an LH inhibitor (or inhibitors) in blood from ram and human; in addition, this substance is not only of testicular origin and is not an LH-related molecule.

The existence of Sertoli cell factors which modulate the rat Leydig cell function prompted us to study the biological activity of selected proteins called CMB proteins and produced by immature rat Sertoli cells. Percoll purified Leydig cells (10(5)) from 20 days-old rats have been incubated 5 h at 32 degrees C in 1 ml Ham F12/DME medium with increasing concentrations of partially purified CMB proteins (0-1,000 ng/ml) either in presence or absence of oLH (25 ng/ml). Among the CMB proteins tested, only CMB-21 produces a dose related increase of testosterone production: from 2 to 500 pg/ml of CMB-21, testosterone output is unchanged (51 pg/10(5) cells) but 1 to 1,000 ng/ml of this protein produces a linear increase of testosterone productions (86 to 870 pg). In the presence of oLH which induces a 10-fold increase of testosterone production (499 pg), increasing doses of CMB-21 further stimulate testosterone output (775 to 2.272 pg/10(5) cells). Whatever the concentration of oLH used (0 to 50 ng/ml), CMB-21 (500 ng/ml) leads to a further 2 fold augmentation of testosterone synthesis; similarly, in the presence of dbcAMP (1 mM), CMB 21 increases the testosterone production but no effect is observed when Leydig cells are incubated in the presence of 22R-hydroxycholesterol (30 microM). The cAMP levels which are increased more than 4 fold by oLH, remain unchanged in the presence of CMB-21 either alone or with oLH, as observed when Sertoli cell culture medium is used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)