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Entre os séculos 16 e 18, foram publicados muitos textos dirigidos às damas. Alguns deles foram escritos por mulheres. Esses textos traziam os mais variados procedimentos para a preparação de medicamentos e cosméticos. Embora aos olhos de hoje, esses livros possam parecer apenas curiosas coleções de receitas, quando cuidadosamente investigados revelam elaborados conhecimentos sobre manipulações e transformações da matéria. Tais conhecimentos ajudaram a tecer a trama da sabedoria humana concernente às ciências da matéria. Assim, o principal objetivo deste artigo é revelar parte dessa trama, analisando uma série de receitas para a preparação de cosméticos, com foco em algumas prescrições publicadas em livros dedicados às damas.

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Résumé Objectif L’objectif de cet article est de présenter notre vision clinique des problématiques sexuelles de femmes excisées. Matériels et méthode Le protocole que nous proposons aux patientes qui consultent dans l’Unité de soins des femmes excisées est pluridisciplinaire et met l’accent sur les soins médicaux, psychologiques et sexologiques plutôt que sur la reconstruction chirurgicale du clitoris. Des cas cliniques illustrent l’accompagnement réalisé auprès des femmes excisées. Résultats Ce sont surtout les dimensions psychotraumatiques de l’excision qui semblent avoir un impact négatif sur la sexualité des femmes excisées : les images invasives ou reviviscences, les comportements d’évitement, la honte et les discours stigmatisants. D’autres psychotraumatismes sexuels, tels que des traumas sexuels infantiles et les mariages forcés vont également influencer la vie sexuelle des femmes excisées. Conclusion L’importance de la dimension psychotraumatisme et relationnelle (conjugale–familiale) dans les problématiques présentées par les patientes indique que la « réparation » de l’excision ne peut être apportée par seule la chirurgie et nécessite un accompagnement médical, psychologique et sexologique. Summary Objective The aim of this article is to present our clinical vision of sexual problems experienced by women after genital mutilation. Materials and method The protocol we suggest for female patients who come for consultations in our unit for women who have undergone excision is a multi-disciplinary one, focusing on medical, psychological and sexological care at the same time, rather than on surgical reconstruction of the clitoris. The article is supported by clinical case studies on genitally mutilated women. Results It would appear that the most important factor having a negative impact on women after genital mutilation is the psychological trauma of the excision; pervasive images or revivication episodes, avoidance behavior, shame and stigmatizing rhetoric. Other forms of sexual psychological trauma, such as child abuse and forced marriage also have an impact on the sex lives of mutilated women. Conclusion Importance of the psychological trauma and relational dimension (relations with the partner and the family) in the problems presented by these patients demonstrate that excision cannot be “repaired” by surgery alone, and requires medical, psychological and sexological support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the changes brought by the arrival of computers in companies. New technologies changed the way companies are organized, reduced repetitive tasks, and allowed a freed up time for employees. However, some companies were uneasy about these developments. The author of the article notes the importance taken by the diffusion of information which became continuous, and the great accessibility to it, and also discusses the studies comparing computerization with assembly lines.

Résumé: Objectifs: Les pratiques de santé constituent des lieux d’interaction influencés par les « cultures » spécifiques des soignants qui vont jouer un rôle fondamental dans l’approche de la maladie. Actuellement, l’abord des troubles sexuels, notamment de l’impuissance masculine, est de plus en plus médicalisé en raison de l’apparition des nouveaux traitements pharmacologiques et les dimensions psychologiques et sociales de la maladie trouvent de moins en moins leur place dans le discours médical. La construction de la maladie par le patient étant influencée en grande partie par l’action du médecin, nous nous sommes centrés sur l’analyse de la consultation médicale en comparant deux spécialités différentes. Méthode: Le matériel de l’étude consiste en des observations de consultations urologiques et psychiatriques d’hommes consultant pour impuissance dans un service hospitalier. Les différences d’approche de chacun de ces praticiens ainsi que les scénarios qui orchestrent le déroulement de la consultation ont été analysés ainsi que les dimensions communicationnelles et les aspects pratiques des actions de soins mis en œuvre lors de la consultation médicale. Résultats: Cet article, au-delà de brosser un tableau des différentes pratiques cliniques, met en avant l’importance de favoriser des processus d’interaction, lors des consultations sexologiques, qui faciliteraient la coopération patient–médecin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Emotions represent feelings about people in several situations. Various machine learning algorithms have been developed for emotion detection in a multimedia element, such as an image or a video. These techniques can be measured by comparing their accuracy with a given dataset in order to determine which algorithm can be selected among others. This paper deals with the comparison of two implementations of emotion recognition in faces, each implemented with specific technology. OpenCV is an open-source library of functions and packages mostly used for computer-vision analysis and applications. Cognitive services is a set of APIs containing artificial intelligence algorithms for computer-vision, speech, knowledge, and language processing. Two Android mobile applications were developed in order to test the performance between an OpenCV algorithm for emotion recognition and an implementation of Emotion cognitive service. For this research, one thousand tests were carried out per experiment. Our findings show that the OpenCV implementation got a better performance than the Cognitive services application. In both cases, performance can be improved by increasing the sample size per emotion during the training step.

The article reviews the doctoral history thesis focusing on the invention of interactive graphics and the concept of users in the computer and telecommunications industries in France, which was defended by Benjamin Thierry at the Université Paris IV (Paris, France) on December 10, 2013.

Reseña a Tongiorgi Tomasi, Lucia (2021), Ritratti, libri, giardini. Sebastiano del Piombo, Fernando Colombo, Agostino Chigi. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki Editore.

Las interpretaciones míticas de los ciervos se suceden desde las religiones primitivas y, más concretamente, desde los vestigios arqueológicos y los primeros testimonios literarios conservados: sumerios, indoarios, hititas, la Biblia... A partir de estos datos y, particularmente, de las investigaciones realizadas por los participantes en este monográfico, se traza el itinerario esquemático de lo que puede ser una historia de sus adaptaciones hasta el siglo XVI.

En la expresión de los sentimientos, la poesía, la prosa amorosa y la literatura religiosa en general hicieron un uso muy frecuente de la imaginería relacionada con los ciervos. En su aplicación usaron los conocimientos del animal derivados de su experiencia en la caza y la vida campestre, pero resultan más eficaces todavía las informaciones culturales o librescas procedentes de la Antigüedad, la Biblia, los bestiarios y toda la tradición clásica; otras tradiciones como la lírica musical y la novela caballeresca dejaron también su huella, aunque no suelen aparecer en primer plano por su menor vinculación con el canon cultural vigente entre las clases altas y letradas.

El romance «Yo me estando en Tordesillas», por su carácter trunco y lo enigmático de su desarrollo, ha resultado ser un acertijo desde la publicación del romancero de Durán pues resultaba imposible identificar una «reina de Castilla, infanta de Portugal» que llegó a Coímbra, no pudo entrar en la ciudad y se refugió en un monasterio «que estava en el arrabal». El análisis de la guerra castellano-portuguesa por la sucesión de Fernando I permite identificarlo fácilmente con un episodio del conflicto, el fallido ataque a esta ciudad de 1384, pues sabemos por la crónica de Ayala que su esposa Beatriz, heredera del reino portugués, acompañaba a su marido Juan I de Castilla que reivindicaba para ambos la corona lusa y que, en febrero de este año, Coímbra les cerró las puertas y se alojaron en el monasterio de Santa Clara de Coímbra, en el arrabal de la ciudad.

Introduction: L’hyperglycémie sans cétose peut être associée à de multiples troubles neurologiques, mais rarement à un hémiballisme-hémichorée, dont le mécanisme reste incertain. Patients et méthodes: Nous décrivons le cas d’une patiente âgé de 64 ans qui présente depuis 3 jours un hémiballisme-hémichorée à gauche. Elle est DT2 depuis 2 ans non traité et a une HTA non contrôlée. Pas de notion de diabète ou de maladies neurologiques au niveau familial. Il n’y a pas de syndrome polyuro polydipsique ni d’amaigrissement. Observations: L’examen clinique est sans particularité par ailleurs. Le bilan biologique trouve une glycémie veineuse à 3,24g/l, cétonémie négative, Hba1c à 16 %, hyperlipidémie mixte, sérologies hépatites B, C et Lyme négatives. Le reste de bilan biologique dont TSH, calcémie, natrémie est normal. L’EEG ne retrouve pas d’anomalie. Le scanner et l’IRM au niveau cérébral réalisés en phase aigüe montrent des lésions au niveau du noyau lenticulaire droit. La symptomatologie a complètement disparu quelques jours après un bon contrôle glycémique et un traitement neuroleptique. Conclusion: L’hémiballisme-hémichorée peut être le premier symptôme d’une hyperglycémie sans cétose. Dans la phase aigüe, des images neuroradiologiques sont fréquemment présentes. Le diagnostic et la correction rapide de l’hyperglycémie sont importantes car l’évolution est alors favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La comunicación es elemento clave en las acciones del marketing. Comprender cómo los consumidores interactúan emocionalmente por el canal para decidir la compra es esencial para el diseño de las estrategias de la organización. Esta investigación tiene como finalidad valorar la reacción emocional de un anuncio digital para un nuevo producto dermofarmacéutico. El estudio de enfoque mixto se realizó en cuatro fases: i) producto seleccionado, ii) técnicas aplicadas (focus groups, encuesta y diseño del anuncio digital), iii) elaboración del instrumento y iv) análisis de datos (conteo de palabras, descriptivo y factorial). Como resultado hay inclinación de sentimientos positivos por parte de los participantes; provoca confianza, encanto, y las hace sentir atractivas. Los sentimientos negativos se encuentran en un término intermedio como ambiguo, debido posiblemente al origen natural del artículo, y los sentimientos de relajado se inclinan al factor cálido. Esto evidencia que las respuestas que llegan a la mente del individuo al estar expuesto a un estímulo no solo son cognitivas, sino también emocionales. Los principales resultados muestran que la utilización de formatos emocionales por parte de las organizaciones puede ser de utilidad al integrar el mensaje del producto con distintas actividades. Como limitaciones, se establece la baja cuota de respuesta en las redes sociales.

Promover la reflexión

Este artículo ofrece una revisión acerca de la contribución de la teoría marxista a los estudios urbanos. Se centra en cuatro temáticas centrales en dicho campo de investigación: primero, las dinámicas de acumulación de capital y su circulación en el entorno construido; segundo, el desarrollo geográfico desigual en relación con el estudio de los procesos de urbanización en regiones periféricas del planeta; tercero, los procesos de segregación espacial y problemáticas derivadas, como la formación de guetos, desplazamiento o gentrificación; y cuarto, el conflicto social urbano. La influencia actual del marxismo en dichos campos es desigual. El campo donde más protagonismo tienen las perspectivas marxistas dentro de los estudios urbanos, es el del rol del espacio en la circulación y reproducción del capital. En los otros campos no ha llegado a tener hegemonía o ha venido siendo desplazado por planteamientos posestructuralistas o liberales. Tras un periodo de consolidación académica de los estudios urbanos marxistas en la década de 1970, estas posiciones han ido perdiendo popularidad, incluso dentro del nicho académico de los estudios críticos. No obstante, el marxismo sigue siendo un animador de los actuales debates dentro de los estudios urbanos y a juicio de los autores, imprescindible a la hora de abordar los procesos urbanos actuales desde una perspectiva materialista.

This study addresses the internal and external drivers and barriers to creating a tangible strategic integration of the internationalization framework for Teacher Education Institutions. The strategic alignment in the curricula, planning processes, and assessment of implementation were notably established as emerged from the data analysis. Though internationalization embraces numerous advantages or positives to higher education, crucial risks are connected with this complex and growing phenomenon, including some identified internal and external drivers and barriers in the conduct of internationalization of the Teacher Education Institution.

Introduction: Des études expérimentales ont montré un effet bénéfique des antagonistes de l’angiotensine II sur le métabolisme glucidique par un effet agoniste partiel PPARγ. L’objectif de ce travail était de tester chez des sujets en surpoids les effets du Valsartan sur la sensibilité à l’insuline par un clamp euglycémique hyperinsulinique et la modulation de l’expression de gènes cibles. Patients et méthodes: Au cours d’une étude en ouvert, 14 sujets hypertendus, en surpoids, non diabétiques ont été traités pendant 3 mois par Valsartan 160 mg/j. Avant et après traitement, deux journées d’examens étaient réalisées, comportant : un clamp euglycémique hyperinsulinique avec traceur à deux paliers d’insuline pour mesurer la sensibilité à l’insuline au plan hépatique, musculaire et adipeux, une calorimétrie indirecte, des biopsies de tissu adipeux et musculaire (RT-PCR quantitative, puces à ADN). Résultats: À 3 mois, la pression artérielle était réduite chez tous les sujets (p=0,01). Il n’y a pas eu de modifications des apports énergétiques, du poids, de la glycémie à jeun, de l’insulinémie, de l’HbA1c, de la sensibilité à l’insuline (valeur M : 1,29±0,09 vs 1,24±0,16 mg.kg-1.min-1, p=0,74 au premier palier, 6,07±0,57 vs 5,57±0,67 mg.kg-1.min-1, p=0,26 au deuxième palier) et de l’oxydation des glucides. L’utilisation du glucose en basal (p=0,01) et au premier palier du clamp (1,91 vs 2.05 mg.kg−1.min−1, p=0,04) est augmentée de manière significative, sans modification de l’inhibition de la PHG au premier palier du clamp après traitement par Valsartan. L’adiponectinémie et les marqueurs inflammatoires n’étaient pas modifiés sous Valsartan. Le HOMAβ a significativement augmenté après traitement (13,8 vs 20,3, p=0,01). L’expression des gènes cibles de la différenciation adipocytaire n’était pas modifié après traitement ce qui suggère l’absence d’effet agoniste PPARγ du Valsartan, confirmé par l’analyse histologique du tissu adipeux. Conclusion: Un traitement de 3 mois par Valsartan chez l’hypertendu en surpoids ne modifie pas la sensibilité à l’insuline musculaire, hépatique et du tissu adipeux, sans effet agoniste PPARγ. Il existe une amélioration de l’insulino-sécrétion avec augmentation de l’utilisation du glucose en basal et au premier palier du clamp. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Si la prévalence de l’obésité progresse, les patients ne sont pas égaux face à la prise de poids. Notre objectif était l’étude des conséquences métaboliques d’une surnutrition hyperlipidique chez des patients minces et en surpoids. Matériels et méthodes: 13 hommes : 7 minces (BMI=22,7±1,9kg/m2, d’âge 25,2±2,4 ans), et 6 en surpoids (BMI=26,7±1,4kg/m2, d’âge 42,6±9,4 ans) ont consommé en plus de leur régime habituel 760 kcal/j (dont 79 % de lipides) pendant 56 j. À J0, J14 et J56 ont été réalisées des prélevéments sanguins, une enquête alimentaire prospective sur 5 j, et une mesure de la dépense énergétique et de l’oxydation des substrats par calorimétrie. À J0 et J56, ont été déterminées la composition corporelle par DEXA, la répartition de la masse grasse par IRM abdominale, la mesure de l’activité physique par actigraphe, et la mesure de la sensibilité à l’insuline par un clamp euglycémique-hyperinsulinique à 40 mUI/m2/min. Résultats: La surnutrition n’a pas modifié la sensibilité à l’insuline. La prise de poids est plus grande chez les patients en surpoids, y compris après ajustement sur l’âge (ΔP=3,7±0,9kg vs. 1,16±1,6kg p=0,04), alors que les apports caloriques, la dépense énergétique et l’activité physique étaient identiques dans les 2 groupes. De plus, le stokage de la masse grasse était essentiellement viscéral chez les minces et sous-cutané chez les surpoids (ΔVis=19±25cm3 vs. −2,5±12cm3 ; ΔSouscut = -14±45cm3 vs. 44±45cm3 p=0,05). Il existe une corrélation négative entre les AGL et le BMI, et seuls les patients en surpoids présentent une inhibition précoce de la lipolyse (AGLJ0=415 vs. AGLJ14=306 mmol/l p=0,04), associée à une augmentation des TG (TGJ0=1 075 vs.TGJ14=1 473 mmol/l p=0,03), et de l’insulinémie (InsJ0=8,6 vs. InsJ14=13,7 mU/l p=0,03) ainsi qu’une moindre oxydation lipidique (OxLJ0=0,86 vs. OxLJ14=0,7mg/kg/ mn) dès le 14e jour. Aucune modification n’a été notée chez les sujets minces. Conclusion: Les patients en surpoids montrent donc une plus grande suceptibilité à la prise de poids en réponse à une surnutrition lipidique de 56 j. Ceci pourrait être dû à une inhibition précoce de la lipolyse, et une diminution de l’oxydation lipidique. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

During the lockdown that took place in France in March-May 2020 to deal with the Covid-19 pandemic, we undertook a remote and telephone survey in order to understand how this situation was experienced by people subjected to it. During this process, a collective of researchers gradually emerged around specific scientific and ethical axes, in particular the centrality of the qualitative approach and attention to different forms of domination and intersectionality. By restoring the history of this research, the analyzes of which are still in progress, our proposal sheds light on the questions encountered during an original and “embedded” research, as well as their methodological and ethical implications, while presenting and questioning the solutions built by the collective of researchers to face it.

Fernando Gómez Redondo, Historia de la poesía medieval castellana. Tomo I. La trama de las materias, Madrid, Cátedra, 2020, 1349 pp. ISBN: 978-84-376-4186-7.

This project focuses on a qualitative research method called intrinsic case study, which aims to explore and analyze the contributions of printed material in the teaching of English as a foreign language in four public and elementary schools in rural and urban areas of Saboyá, Boyacá. The project arose due to the changes that occurred in distance learning from June to November 2020. The instruments used to collect information were a survey, a structured interview, and the printed material designed by the teachers. The results of the research showed the decision-making process that the teachers carried out when preparing their classes, in which they included topics from other subjects. This methodology is known as Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). In addition, the design of the printed material was suitable to achieve the objectives of the class and helped the students to improve their fine motor skills and English vocabulary

Few studies investigate how teacher discourse moves relate to subsequent student discourse moves in real-time small-group reading instruction with multilingual learners (MLLs). Grounded in sociocultural theory and classroom discourse research, this study examines how fourth-grade MLLs engage in reasoning discourse during text-based discussions. We argue that by examining reasoning discourse holistically - beyond speaker turns - we can capture teacher-talk moves that facilitate or constrain student reasoning. This examination illuminates discourse practices such as “procedural instruction” and “reference to text,” with important consequences for MLLs. Our study has implications for scholarship analyzing classroom talk and literacy educators facilitating discussions where MLLs engage in sophisticated and complex reasoning discourse.

Se presentan tres estructuras descubiertas y excavadas en Beaskinarte (Sierra de Aralar). Una de ellas es una tumba de incineración con estela ante la cual había un depósito de huesos, así como cuatro vasos, uno de ellos, quizás, liso y tres decorados (con motivos acanalados, con temas triangulares excisos y con un cordón con ungulaciones). Se dató en la Edad del Bronce. La segunda es un cromlech que aportó en la zona central fragmentos de dos vasos y un sílex con huellas de uso; además, al pie de varios testigos se hallaron carbones, un cristal de cuarzo, cantos de arenisca, etc. Se dató en la Edad del Hierro y, al parecer, se utilizó como hito central de sel durante la Edad Media-Moderna. Finalmente, tenemos una estructura cuadrangular con entrada orientada al sur contemporánea a las descritas. Ha aportado carbones, fragmentos cerámicos, un canto alisado y una pequeña chapa de bronce. ___________________________________________ This article is about three structures that we discovered and excavated in Beaskinarte (Aralar mountain range, Gipuzkoa). One of them is a cremation tomb with a stele, before which there was a bone deposit. The nearest places to the stele were altered, probably due to attempts during the Middle Ages to check if it was a haustarri –shieling marking stone. Cremated bones (approximately 100 gr) were deposited on a small loculus excavated in the bedrock. Next to the deposit there were found fragment of four ceramic vessels, out of context, two of which present only one fragment. One of the vessels is apparently without any decoration and the other three are decorated (with grooved motives, with triangular excised themes; and with a cordon decorated with fingernail impressions). The recovered charcoals fragments were dated to Late Bronze Age (BP 2770±30). This new cremation tomb is a sign of the possible complexity of the funerary practices of these mountain areas, up to now represented only by the baratze or stone circles, in their different varieties, or the occasionally reuse of previous funerary monuments –cists–. A few meters away we have another cremation structure, a baratze stone circles, originally circular, but nowadays distort. All its the sandstone standing stones were fractured, stretched out and almost covered by the soil. In the central area were found fragments of two pottery vessels and two flint flakes, one of which has use-wear traces. Moreover, at the foot of some of the standing stones were also found charcoal fragments, a rock crystal, sandstone pebbles… probably related to the funerary ritual, as we verified in the burial-mound stone circles of Ondarre. Dated to Iron Age (BP 2470±30). Apparently, this structure, as the baratze of Ondarre III (Mujika-Alustiza et al., 2018), was reused as shieling marking stone (haustarri) during Middle Age-Modern Age. Signs of it are the charcoals fragments –maybe remains of the fires documented during the Middle Ages?– dated to cal AD 1285-1400 and the haustarri placed over a stretched out standing stone of the stone circle. Do these elements extend in time the possible function of milestone related to livestock activities, while were also shared with its funerary function? Finally, we have a quadrangular structure, with south-facing entrance, contemporary to the described funerary structures (BP 2770±30 and 2420±30). A small excavation survey was done, that did not provide many archaeological material evidences (pottery fragments, a smoothed pebble and a circular bronze element). This small archaeological ensemble could be considered a simple and casual addition of structures, but we think that proves continued livestock activity in their surroundings and so that is, probably, the reflection of a social complexity so far undetected on the mountain areas of the Basque Country.

Resumen: El pliego nº 1066 del Nuevo Diccionario bibliográfico de pliegos sueltos poéticos (s. XVI) contiene un conjunto de villancicos tradicionales y corteses con una larga tradición bibliográfica, desde el Cancionero de Juan del Encina y los cancioneros musicales de la primera mitad de siglo XVI hasta los cancioneros impresos y manuscritos de la primera parte del siglo XVII. El análisis demuestra que nos hallamos ante el corpus de poesía cortesana de moda que se cantaba y leía entre las clases letradas de la época, coincidiendo con la eclosión del petrarquismo.

El artículo presenta un análisis de la evolución de la línea de costa entre Alcossebre y Orpesa, a partir de fotografías aéreas y ortofotografías, entre 1956 y 2015. la digitialización de 12 líneas de costa ha permitido calcular los cambios netos y máximos, así como la tasa de cambio entre los difetentes años. Los resultados muestran una costa recesiva, con una gran variabilidad espacio-temporal. Conviven sectores con cin crecimiento sostenido provocado por la acción antrópica (deriva arriba de los espigones y regeneraciones de playa) o causas naturales (prominencias costeras) con otros claramente erosivos (deriva abajo de espigones). Además, el análisis de las isobatas del estran sumergido, ha permitido explicar cómo la configuración de este espacio puede incrementar o frenar la erosión. Los temporales son los responsables de los grandes cambios, mientras que el déficit hidrosedimentario de los ríos a lo largo del siglo XX, subyace como causa última del comportamiento erosivo del área de estudio, tendencia que ya se manifestaba antes de la aparición de la acción antrópica. Así, la fotografía aérea, a pesar de su baja resolución temporal, compensa este déficit con la amplitud de sus series, lo que permite conocer el comportamiento de la línea de costa en un momento en el que la presión antrópica sobre la costa era baja.

Abstract The area is located at the northern boundary of the Guaxupé Complex, which corresponds to the northern domain of the Socorro-Guaxupé Nappe, in the Southern Brasília Orogen, close to the Varginha Shear Zone. This study integrates petrography, mineral chemistry, optimized geothermobarometry, and trace elements thermometry data, aiming to define and characterize the metamorphic conditions and the P-T path of the granulitic rocks from the northern portion of the Guaxupé Complex. In the area, the Guaxupé Complex consists predominantly of ortho-derived rocks represented by granulitic gneisses (orthopyroxene gneisses) of felsic to mafic composition with clinopyroxene, garnet, amphibole, biotite, and rare rutile. The calculated pressure and temperature conditions record metamorphic peak around 1,078°C and 14.8 kbar, compatible with ultra-high temperature metamorphism conditions, marked by grt + cpx + opx + pl ± qtz ± rt mineral assemblages, and granulite facies re-equilibration in the sillimanite stability field at P-T conditions of 930 to 800°C and 13.5 to 11.0 kbar. The results are compatible with deeper portions of the lower crust involved in a continental collision and suggest a clockwise P-T path, typical of crustal thickening zones, followed by near-isothermal decompression during tectonic exhumation.

La biomasse forestière peut être une source de molécules d’intérêt dans le but de substituer ou de compléter les molécules pétro-sourcées. Par conséquent, une valorisation innovante des extractibles du bois semble être une opportunité économique, sociale et environnementale. L’objectif de notre étude est de mieux cerner les perspectives d’émergence d’une nouvelle valorisation chimique des connexes bois pour la région Grand Est, à partir des avis et ressentis des acteurs de la filière forêt-bois et de la valorisation chimique de cette région ainsi que de territoires voisins. Nos résultats se portent sur trois axes : les stratégies de valorisation des connexes des entreprises de la filière forêt-bois, les perceptions des acteurs sur l’émergence d’une filière forêt-chimie, et les perspectives de mise en place d’une telle filière à moyen terme. Nous conviendrons tout de même que les résultats doivent être approfondis dans le cadre de perspectives de recherche pour préciser les conditions de la mise en œuvre de cette filière.

Heat pumps and water tanks can be used to increase PV self-consumption in buildings without any additional equipment, but there is sometimes a lack of economic incentives to maximize it that limits economic gains. Therefore, pricing conditions need to change in order to make self-consumption strategies more interesting for prosumers. This study aims at determining what, if any, unsubsidized market conditions could lead to economically motivated self-consumption control strategies with solar heat pumps. A sensitivity analysis is used on multiple pricing models based on current market conditions for a solar PV and ground source heat pump system for a single-family house in Norrköping, Sweden. The results show that control strategies aimed at maximizing self-consumption have very little impact on net costs, regardless of pricing model or variation in price. Feed-in-bonus is the most important aspect when comparing different pricing schemes, and no other sensitivity comes close.

Self-healing concrete is considered as a new generation of concrete with the ability to heal cracks without human intervention. The healing agents are incorporated into the concrete to activate the healing mechanism and to improve the healing efficiency. While both lab- and large-scale projects have shown that the addition of healing agents can have a possible positive effect on the hardened concrete properties (e.g. compressive strength), unfortunately, the evaluation of fresh properties of self-healing concrete mixes is often neglected. In the current study, the effect of healing agents is clearly identified starting from the paste level. Different techniques were used to study the effect of healing agents on the consistency, viscosity and adsorption behaviour of PCE-based superplasticizer in cement paste. A crystalline admixture and bacteria were used as healing agents, and CEM III/A was used as the binder component of the paste. The results showed that the inclusion of bacteria did not influence the rheological properties of the cement paste and no incompatibility issues were found with the superplasticizer. On the other hand, the presence of the crystalline admixture in the paste interfered with the rheological properties of the cement paste as a reduction of workability, an increase of paste viscosity, and an increased adsorption of superplasticizer.

La restauración de la torre islámica de Benifaió, de los siglos XI y XII, propicia su utilización como contenedor de los materiales arqueológicos encontrados en la misma, al tiempo que se pone en valor esta emblemática construcción.

According to the studies, fewer men state their renouncement of care than women. This article takes that observation as its starting point in view of questioning it contextually. Based on interviews with agricultural workers in renouncement, the analysis clarifies the model of masculinity brought forth to explain these renouncements. This agricultural model of traditional masculinity is characterized by a valorization of resis­tance to pain, a refusal of outside assistance and a low level of concern for health. Those elements a priori facilitate adopting a behaviour of renouncement. However, the men interpret and continually adjust the model of masculinity in terms of their situation. Those adjustments may sometimes lead to greater attention being paid to health questions. An assortment of variables, such as age, disability and matrimonial situation are thus taken into account in precisely and contextually analysing the relationship be­tween masculinity and renouncement of care.

Este artículo analiza la evolución de la Unión Sindical Obrera en la provincia de Cádiz (España) durante los primeros años de Transición (1976-1981). Esta organización pasó en pocos años de ser la segunda fuerza sindical en España, detrás de Comisiones Obreras, a ocupar un papel secundario en la arena sindical. A partir de testimonios orales de sindicalistas en diferentes sectores industriales se reconstruyen los marcos, los dilemas y los conflictos internos de dicha organización sindical en el periodo que ha sido mencionado. Este análisis permite cubrir lagunas sobre una de las organizaciones sindicales que han sido menos estudiadas en la historiografía y en la sociología españolas. Asimismo, permite identificar los factores que han propiciado, históricamente, la hegemonía de los sindicatos mayoritarios a escala estatal. Finalmente, permite comprender cómo las representaciones sobre la autonomía sindical y el intercambio político juegan un papel importante en la configuración de la estrategia sindical en diferentes niveles. Palabras clave: Unión Sindical Obrera. Sindicato. Autonomía Sindical. Transición Española. Intercambio Político.

En este artículo se presentan tres crómlechs excavados en la Sierra de Aralar. Ondarre I tiene un diámetro de siete metros y está conformado por 35 testigos. El túmulo de tierra tiene 45 cm de altura. En su zona central había 4 losetas de caliza, y una pequeña cubeta con huesos incinerados, pertenecientes a dos individuos y abundantes carbones. A seis metros de distancia está Ondarre II, que tiene un diámetro de 4,5 metros y conserva sólo 15 de los testigos. En el sondeo se han localizado pequeñas manchas de carbón en el centro y algún sílex. El crómlech de Ondarre III tenía un diámetro de unos 9 metros, pero está muy incompleto, ya que conserva sólo cuatro testigos. Junto a sus bases y en la zona central se hallaron carbones. Uno de ellos fue reutilizado como haustarri (hito ganadero), según un documento del siglo XIX. Las fechas radiocarbónicas los sitúan en el Bronce Final.

Water utilities, commercial and industrial establishments are required to upgrade or install new treatment systems to comply with the revised effluent standards issued by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environment Management Bureau (DENR – EMB) which now includes removal and monitoring of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus components). One solution is to utilize a biological nutrient removal technology (BNRT) system capable of removing nutrients from sewage. The on-going study aims to investigate the performance of the pilot-scale system in the removal of nutrients from sewage. The designed pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process with a total hydraulic retention time of 8.37 hrs. was operated in an existing sewage treatment plant (STP). System modification was adapted to ensure continuous operation. Dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature of each compartment were evaluated after 45 days of system modification. The DO of the anaerobic and oxic compartment remained within the required range, while the internal recycling flowrate and/or aeration must be adjusted to achieve a DO concentration of 0.20 – 0.50 mg/L in the anoxic compartment. The research is financially supported by the Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development of the Department of Science and Technology (PCIEERD Project No. 04176).

Nata de coco (NDC), a bacterial cellulose formed by Acetobacter xylinum, was utilized to fabricate a membrane via acetylation and phase inversion methods. The NDC was activated and dissolved in N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) with lithium chloride (LiCl) at varying amounts of NDC, LiCl/DMAc ratio, activation temperature, and dissolution temperature. Acetylation was done by adding acetic anhydride (in a mass ratio of 1:12 NDC-anhydride) to NDC-DMAc/LiCl solution at a dissolution temperature of 110 °C for 3 hours. The modified-NDC was recovered via precipitation in methanol. The modified-NDC was washed with deionized water then freeze-dried. Modification was verified by determining the degree of substitution (DS) using titration and FTIR analysis. It was observed that the modification could be carried out at an NDC/DMAc (w/v) ratio of 1:75 at 120 °C for 1 hour, and addition of 8% (w/v) LiCl catalyst at 110 °C for 20 minutes. The DS of the modified-NDC was observed in the range of 2.84 – 3.69, which indicates a successful modification. This was further verified by the FTIR results. Membrane fabrication was carried out using the modified-NDC via immersion-precipitation and solvent evaporation methods. A successful membrane formation was observed using solvent evaporation.

In 2015, Transport Network Companies (TNC) such as Grab and Uber were introduced in the Philippines. With the worsening traffic management system in the country, TNC units use the power of an application to cater the commuting needs and demands of the Filipino commuting public following a car-sharing principle. Taking into account their startup success, the conventional taxi industry has been struggling. On this basis, this phenomenological study therefore involves an in-depth understanding of the struggles and subsequent condition of the taxi industry amid operations of TNCs. With the use of snowball and convenience sampling, the study involved semi-structured interviews with drivers of conventional taxi, commuters, and the Philippines' Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) members to obtain perspectives from the regulating body. Employing Billups’(2016) qualitative data analysis method, six themes emerged including Effects of Transport Network Companies, Protests and Complaints of Taxi Drivers, Consequent Actions of Taxi Drivers due to Income Reduction, Motivations for Taxi Driving Business Continuity, Perceptions of Taxi Drivers on TNVS, and Commuter Perspective on both Transport Services. Based on the findings, it is concluded that since the TNCs introduction, the conventional taxi industry has been bombarded of varied issues relating to the quality of transport service they provide in terms of convenience, comfort and ease, affordability, and accessibility. These findings then translate to the need of a partial deregulation that involves amendments on some memorandum circulars, and the pioneered Code of Ethics for the entire Philippine Taxi Industry so as to sustain and correspondingly compete with TNCs in relation to the demands of the market.

Wastewater and sludge are potential resource of phosphorus (P) for fertilizer production. One method of recovering phosphorus is via chemical precipitation. In the study, phosphorus was recovered from wastewater and sludge. First, hydrolysis was carried out to release the phosphorus in the sludge by the addition of 1.0M acid (sulfuric acid) or base (sodium hydroxide) solution mixed for three hours at 200 rpm. The hydrolyzed sludge was filtered, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 9.0. Precipitation for both wastewater and hydrolyzed sludge solution was carried out using magnesium chloride hexahydrate (MgCl2•6H2O) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The mixture was stirred for an hour for crystallization. Precipitates were allowed to settle for 24 hours before it was filtered and dried in an oven at 55-58oC for 24 hours. The dried sample was grinded and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray fluorenscence (XRF), and scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX).

Assessment and upgrade of existing sewage treatment plants (STPs) are necessary due to the revision of the existing effluent regulations which now monitors nutrients including ammonia, nitrate and phosphates. The aim of this study is the performance evaluation of four sequencing batch reactor (SBR) type of STP based on the following parameters: biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrates, ammonia, phosphates and pH; and their potential upgrade based on the revised regulations stated in DAO 2016-08. Four sequencing batch reactor (SBR) type of STP were assessed for 12 weeks for this study. Results showed noncompliance with nutrient levels, thus upgrade is necessary. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a Multi-Criteria-Analysis (MCA) tool, was used to select the best option for upgrade among options that include (1) additional SBR tank, (2) diverting wastewater to another treatment facility, and (3) converting the SBR into membrane bioreactor (MBR). Considering the criterion for upgrade, option 2 was the most preferred decision followed by option 1 then option 3.

This article explicitly connects a growing body of specific literature, the political ecology of conservation, to some of the often overlooked, main conceptual components emerging from political anthropology and geography (sources of legitimacy, governmentality, territoriality, or state making), political economy (commoditization, market integration, niche markets, or gentrification), and cultural studies of the environment (cultural transformations of nature, cultural heritage and landscapes, taste, and identity politics). All these concepts and literary fields are at the basis of the contemporary social analysis of conservation policies and their consequences. The article also provides an updated large bibliography on the concepts potentially relevant to a political ecology of conservation. Key Words: conservation, governmentality, taste, nature, commoditization of nature, territoriality

La categoría colonial del mestizo fue un recurso ideológico, formador de la identidad nacional en la posrevolución mexicana. El eje indio-mestizo sirvió para organizar las interacciones étnicas y las políticas del estado. Médicos y antropólogos reforzaron esta taxonomía dual en estudios de poblaciones humanas, produciendo con marcadores biomédicos y descripciones diferenciadas del indio y del mestizo. Las descripciones genómicas han contribuido tanto a la construcción de una noción cientificista del mestizo arraigada en porcentajes de ancestría india, europea y africana, como al surgimiento de dos objetos tecnocientíficos que llamamos el mestizo molecular y el mestizo bioinformático. Aquí describimos las interacciones entre las encarnaciones ideológicas y científicas del mestizo.

New Education is a proposal of pedagogic nature throughout Latin America as a who- le, which had a diverse influence on education in its different countries. In Colombia, New Education meant openness to the process of appropriation of modern knowled- ge. In this sense, the article develops some thoughts on this pedagogical tendency during the first half of the 20th Century, in order to make visible, from a historical perspective, the transformations of science¿s teaching methods and of the existing wisdom on the Colombian pedagogy knowledge.

La cuestión rural constituye uno de los grandes desafí­os para la institucionalidad en Colombia. La discusión respecto a la eficiencia y eficacia institucional para el sector rural debe adelantarse fundamentada en aspectos coyunturales que a su vez median en la dinámica social, polí­tica, cultural, ambiental, económica y productiva en el agro colombiano, entre los cuales se incluyen los tratados comerciales y un eventual posconflicto. La nueva ruralidad, como enfoque para el desarrollo rural, plantea una visión distinta en torno a la temática: concibe lo rural como un espacio multisectorial y multidimensional, lo cual constituye el punto de partida desde el cual surgen los elementos de análisis que permiten adelantar un debate institucional amplio y participativo de cara a la transformación estructural de la realidad rural.

In this paper, using a political ecology framework, we examine the impacts of statemaking technologies in several areas of the Pyrenean mountain range, Spain. We describe processes of governmental territorialization in a European, non-colonial setting, stressing their effect on the conceptualization and management of natural resources. Conservation policies are a traditional locus of political ecology: as public policies devoted to natural resource management they embody the interaction between politics and ecology. The article has several analytical goals: a) to shift the emphasis of the political ecological analysis from an explanation of territorialization based on the tension between the first and third world, towards the impact of the conflictive relationship between cities and rural areas, b) to highlight the resilience and creativity of local agency in the face of massive political disruption in the form of public policies, c) to point out to the emergence of European policies and the new leisure economies as key elements of the contemporary reconstruction of the Western mountains, and d) underscore the unfinished character, or the ongoing nature, of the described process of political negotiation of rights of access and control of natural resources. Key Words: political ecology; Pyrenees; conservation; territorial control

This study evaluates the performance of alkaliphilic microalgae Ankistrodesmus falcatus in the Bicarbonate-based Integrated Carbon Capture and Algae Production System (BICCAPS). The system utilized bicarbonate as carbon source for microalgae production. BICCAPS parameters such as pH, algal biomass productivity and CO2 utilization (inorganic carbon conversion, Ci) were observed at different sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) loading concentration and type of culture media. The highest productivity was observed at 10 g/L of NaHCO3 loading in BRSP medium at 3.5539 mg/L/day. This value is 30% lower compared to the control experiment (continuously aerated bioreactor). The Ci values of the different system ranges from 1.17 x 10-4 to 1.51 x 10-4 moles/L/day. Both the pH of the BRSP and NPK media at 10 g/L and 30g/L loading of NaHCO3 increased through time. The result shows that A. falcatus has a potential in BICCAPS utilization.

This paper proposes a decision model built on a hierarchical network for optimal selection of biological nutrient removal systems (BNR) in wastewater treatment plants. BNR is an important component of a sustainable wastewater management wherein resource recovery from wastewater becomes an integral part of the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WTP). However, selection of the most appropriate technology or systems requires a multiple criteria analysis. This study focuses on the following criteria namely 1) Economic aspect; 2) Technical aspect; 3) Environmental Aspect; and 4) Space Requirement. The following alternatives were then evaluated: 1) 3 Stage Pho-redox (A2O); 2) 5 Stage Bardenpho (5BP); 3) University of Cape Town (UCT); 4) Virginia Initiative Plant; 5) Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR); 6) Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). A fuzzy ANP approach with Monte Carlo simulation was used to derive the overall priorities of these alternatives. This decision modelling approach addresses the uncertainty and complexity involved in the selection of appropriate BNR in Metro Manila’s WTP.