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Dermoid cysts are embryological derivatives from soft tissues. They result from an ectodermic inclusion in the mesoderm, during the early embryonic development. These cysts have a slow development and are mostly encountered in the pediatric population. Eighty percent of them are located in the head and neck area, and most of them are on the frontozygomatic suture. They are superficial or deep on clinical examination. The diagnosis is mostly easy, sometimes with the help of radiological examination. The confirmation is histological. Surgical removed by an open approach, without cyst rupture is the gold standard treatment., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Intranasal naloxone aims at preventing opioid overdose related deaths in active drug users. In France, it has been available since July 2016 through a temporary approval which requires a hospital-based pharmacy and a nominative registration of each patient. We present the characteristics of the first patients who could receive this prescription in our hospital-based addiction center and how they used naloxone during follow-up. Results favor a larger dispensing of naloxone. Patients' as well as peers' and families' education is needed., (Copyright © 2018 Société française de pharmacologie et de thérapeutique. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs have pharmacodynamic effects with tolerance that can occur quickly, after one week to one month of treatment and that concerns hypnotic and anxiolytic properties in particular. Old studies showed a real but poor short-term efficacy of benzodiazepines on anxiety and sleep disturbances. Long-term efficacy of benzodiazepines can be confused with the occurrence of rebound effect, discontinuation symptoms or relapse when the treatment is quitted; they contribute to an apparent efficacy, as well as the symptoms removal when treatment is re-initiated. Pharmacologic tolerance exists with respects to efficacy and side effects that decrease over time, in the first weeks of treatment. Its main associated characteristic is the occurrence of a severe withdrawal syndrome when treatment is quitted. To limit long-term treatments, it is relevant to target treatment initiation of benzodiazepines and to restrict indications and treatment duration. Addiction to benzodiazepines is frequent in patients treated for another addiction; it is associated with more frequent complications, in particular overdoses and suicide attempts. The use of benzodiazepines is necessary to prevent complications during alcohol or benzodiazepine withdrawal, but duration of treatment should be limited and dispensing should be supervised in patients with substance use disorders., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)