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Understanding geoscience issues is required to face the changes affecting our planet. In many countries, students meet geoscience within the national curricula of natural sciences, but a standard geoscience curriculum does not exist, and most teachers lack a strong geological background - a common situation worldwide. In Italy, the hydrogeologic, seismic and volcanic risks affecting the territory require citizens to be aware of geological issues. In this context, monitoring basic geoscience skills at the end of schooling is necessary. As a step in this direction, a screening tool - IMES2 or ‘Individuation of Misconceptions in Earth Sciences 2’ - was designed and validated through psychometric analysis, for surveying geoscience knowledge at the end of upper-secondary school. It was applied to screen 403 students enrolled in the first year of different courses at the University of Pisa (Italy) in the academic year 2020-21. The results indicate the persistence, at the end of the upper secondary school, of several misconceptions already reported in the geoscience education literature, regarding endogenous and exogenous geological processes and the geological time.

World food production is facing exorbitant challenges like climate change, use of resources, population growth, and dietary changes. These, in turn, raise major ethical and political questions, such as how to uphold the right to adequate nutrition, or the right to enact a gastronomic culture and to preserve the conditions to do so. Proposals for utopic solutions vary from vertical farming and lab meat to diets filled with the most fanciful insects and seaweeds. Common to all proposals is a polarized understanding of food and diets, famously captured by Warren Belasco in the contraposition between technological fixes and anthropological fixes. According to the first, technology will deliver clean, just, pleasurable, affordable food; future generations will not need to adjust much of their dietary cultures. According to the second, future generations should dramatically change their dietary habits (what they eat and how they eat it) to achieve a sustainable diet. The two fixes found remarkably distinct perspectives over dietary politics and the ethics of food production and consumption. In this paper we argue that such polarized thinking rests on a misrepresentation of the ontological status of food, which in turn affects the underlying ethical and political issues. Food is a socially constructed object that draws in specific ways on habits, norms, traditions, geographical, and climatic conditions. Although this thesis seems somewhat obvious, its consequences on the ethical and political perspectives on the future of food have not been derived properly. After introducing the issue at stake (§ 1), we point out the polarities that characterize food utopias (§ 2) and their ontological faults (§ 3). We hence suggest that a socio-ontological analysis of food can better deliver the principles for a foundation of food utopias (§ 4).

In my contribution I want to detect the durkheimian roots of the Bourdieu’s State category. My contribution is organized in three parts. The first part is devoted to a short draft of the Durkheim notion of State. The second part faces the comparison within Bourdieu and Durkheim on the category of State. In this part I will analyze mechanisms, among others, like that of logical conformism and moral conformism that find their definition in Durkheim work, The elementary forms of religious life, and that are the basis of the concept of collective belief of the category of State in Bourdieu. Highlighting durkheimian roots in Bourdieu sociology of State means also to introduce Durkheim within the revival of studies on the State in which Pierre Bourdieu occupies a central role and establish a line of continuity, full of potential developments, between Durkheim and the current debate in Sociology of the State. This is the third and final part.

Philosophers have been quarrelling for ages over the correct understanding of the identity relation and its applications, but seldom have they discussed the identity of foods, including beverages under this herd. Taking wine as a working example, the present study shows that foods call attention over unnoticed metaphysical difficulties, most importantly the role of authenticity in ascertaining the identity of an individual and the possibility of identity being determined by a collectivity of people. More in details, the paper examines the relationship between a rank of wines and its specific instances, that is, on what grounds some wine is of a certain rank. A “rank of wines” here stands for wines that are identical under some respect, be it the area of production, the style, the color, the variety, and so forth. Extant wine labels are taken as the best candidates to carve out a class of wine ranks that is metaphysically prior to any other; the analysis focuses on geographic indications because of the extensive discussion they have generated, but the morals here drawn extend also to other classes of wine ranks, such as those utilized by wine experts. After some introductory remarks (§1), the case is made that the identity of wines is established through judgments of authenticity (§2). Issues of authenticity are then discussed through the special case of geographic indications (§3). Two different views on how to justify the attribution of a geographic indication are presented and criticized; those rest respectively on terroir (§3.1) and chemical composition (§3.2). The last section (§4) argues for a conventionalist view on wine identity. Distancing itself from conventionalist proposals advanced to favor industrial wine production, the view defended here ties the identity of a wine to collective expert judgments of authenticity that are based on the extensive pleasure of the product.

If natural kinds were defined on the basis of fixed and immutable essences, then – with the end of essentialism in life sciences – their end, at least for those kinds confined to the living realm, would ensue as well (1-2). If appropriately revised and adapted, however, natural kinds may still play an important theoretical role, not only for the sake of philosophical speculation, but also in accomodating scientific practices and in providing an adequate rendering of human reasoning. The proposal outlined in this paper moves from the historical and disjunctive solutions of Millikan and Boyd, but it departs from them in that it offers a conventionalist interpretation of natural kinds. The bulk of the theory is presented through the case study of the distinction between sexes and genders (3). A few remarks on how to further the proposal are offered in the final section (4).

In this paper I raise a number of objections to the claim that there are intrinsic properties. I first show that, by functioning as realizers of all other properties, intrinsic properties ground one of the most popular methods for counting individuals. Then, I introduce the five main definitions of intrinsicness, all appealing to a certain form of independency. Hence, I question the claim that there are intrinsic properties on two grounds: first by raising three objections to the thesis that we know of their existence a posteriori; then, by showing that our arguments for concluding of their existence a priori are inconclusive. I conclude that we ought to be skeptical about the existence of intrinsic properties. If we still have aims of counting individuals, we ought to endorse an alternative view.

From the very beginning of life, the fetus and, later, the infant are exposed to sensorial flows. His organism, through sensorial receptors, is built to treat it and use this treatment in order to develop perceptual competencies, thus organizing his sensorimotor development. However, for several children, sensorial irritabilities could impede or limit this process. The infant could have some difficulty developing his body awareness as all the linked embodied agentivity mechanisms. For these children, the human environment attunement will help to develop tonico-emotional regulation supporting the infant's efforts to find comfort and reassurance. The early identification of these difficulties should take a central position to support the concerned families in the earliest months of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El Idílio III, que se inscribe dentro de las bucólicas de Teócrito, es a la vez un paraklausíthyron rústico que tiene como protagonistas a un anônimo cabrero y a una invisible pastora llamada Amaryllis. El tema esencial, por consiguiente, gira alrededor del amor.·El presente trabajo ha sido enfocado exclusivamente desde el plano de los objetos, una perspectiva de análisis que, por lo general, es poco habitual. El exámen arroja como resultado que tales objetos son escasos en la pieza, pero que todos ellos, catalogados y analizados uno por uno, están íntimamente relacionados con el tema dominante del poema, y que su estudio nos ayuda a complementar las vicisitudes amorosas del cabrero.

During almost 25 years, a team of researchers and clinicians of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit in Lausanne have drawn research projects concerning the follow-up of infants born after a perinatal adverse event such as a high prematurity. Linked to the neonatal unit of the University Hospital of Lausanne, these projects have evolved over time according to the new questions that each observation and finding generated. Through an ongoing exercise of listening, interrogating, and confirming the results, research questions and subtle comprehension evolved giving a chance to approach differently this perinatal issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The birth of a child with a facial cleft is often seen as a very stressing event for both parents. Risks of comorbidity, difficulty in nutrition or just aesthetical reasons are frequently invoked while describing this moment. The announcement of the deformation is felt like a brutal intrusion in representations associated to pregnancy. Then, we can observe a kind of disinvestment of the coming baby. Through our study, we find that high stress has not always a bad issue on relationship between parents and infants. In contrary, this kind of chronic stress can preserve the well-being of the relationship, especially for fatherhood. The time of facial deformation announcement also plays its part in representations about the baby. Before birth, it opens room for reordering and modifying representations, then the baby will be accepted as it should be on his birthday. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Today, the distribution of parental roles is organised around an equity that is more than justified, but has the consequence of creating a territorial watershed where the negotiation of values, opinions, wishes and deep-seated needs is constantly activated. Where societal definitions used to provide a framework and contentment for transactions within the couple, the new generation finds itself obliged to cooperate and redefine the spaces and roles of each, with intergenerational issues multiplied tenfold and marital crisis often heightened., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To investigate the influence of prenatal hospitalization before a premature birth, on the parental stressful experience, parental symptoms of post-traumatic stress and quality of parent-infant interaction during the hospitalization in neonatology., Population: 51 preterm infants born and 25 full term infants control. Four groups: controls, premature without prenatal hospitalization, premature with a short (<8 days) prenatal hospitalization and premature with a long (≥ 8 days) prenatal hospitalization., Instruments: the Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (PSS: NICU, Miles et al., 1993 [14]) and the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ, Quinnell and Hynan, 1999 [16])., Results: When prenatal hospitalization of the mother occurred, parents acknowledged increased stress induced by the environmental factors during the infant's hospitalization. Furthermore, mothers from the group with a short prenatal hospitalization presented significantly more symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Parents presenting more symptoms of post-traumatic stress describe a significantly more difficult interaction with their infant in neonatology., Conclusion: This study highlights the necessity to deliver special care to women hospitalized shortly (<8 days) prior to the delivery of their premature baby. This group is at high risk of presenting post-traumatic stress symptoms, which could have a negative impact on the quality of parent-infant interactions., (Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)