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Background: Websites that facilitate communication between patients regarding their experiences with individual physicians are now relatively commonplace. Given patient-generated ratings are publicly available, physicians could use these to access rarely available patient feedback. We explored the content of reviews associated with low physician ratings and consider the potential benefits and consequences of relying on this form of freely available data to support individual life-long learning. Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative descriptive study. We collected narrative comments associated with low numerical ratings on one physician-rating website (RateMDs) drawn from one specialty in Canada. Written reviews associated with low numerical ratings (≤2/5) for Canadian otolaryngologists were collected yielding a total of 878 comment sets that were analyzed deductively and iteratively. Results: We found that patient comments described poor performance in areas that aligned, for the most part, with the CanMEDS roles including Professional, Communicator, and Leader; specifically referring to management of the clinical environment, administrative staff, and trainees. Conclusion: While not intended for physician feedback, physicians could access patient-to-patient ratings and associated written reviews as a means to identify areas of practice improvement. However, this represents an unintended use of these websites. While speculative, access to patient-to-patient rating websites could negatively impact physician confidence or self-worth – representing a negative consequence of their use. The utilization of these data for potential self-improvement represents an unintended use of patient-to-patient ratings and so may be accompanied by unintended consequences for physicians who use these data as potential feedback, and patients who contribute to physician rating sites.

Two main cities from antique Syria, as Palmyra and Bosra (Bostra), classified in the Unesco World Heritage list, have, within the syrian war since 2011, tragical but different destinity. The archaeological perception of the town of Bosra, slowly reveled by national and international teams from the end of the 60’s, was considerably enriched during the first decade of the 21th century, before to be stopped by war. Resilience of inhabitants, workers of their own history, is aknowledged by an archaeologist, who spend a large part of his carrieer studying material culture and architecture who have facionnating the city since eight millennium.

This article reviews the debates surrounding the critical potential of the Rawlsian conception of justice for corporate governance and how this potential has been exploited over the last twenty years. It highlights two Rawlsian-inspired approaches to corporate governance, one institutionalist and the other centred on the idea of the firm as an agent bearing obligations of justice. In each case, it identifies the elements of continuity and those that are critical of Rawlsian doctrine. These two approaches lead to distinct practical recommendations. The institutionalist approach favours employee participation in governance bodies. The approach that views the firm as an agent bearing obligations of justice favours the integration of external members representing a public reason into a new supervisory board. These options and how they are articulated are at the center of contemporary debates on corporate governance.

This article presents the main public communication studies in French and English addressing how women were represented in the media during the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is part of a broader research effort to use artificial intelligence to better understand how women were represented in the Quebec press during COVID-19 (OBVIA, Université Laval). The literature review was conducted from a feminist and intersectional perspective. One of the major findings of our review is that women were underrepresented in the media during the pandemic. Although a several articles discussed women as figures of authority, particularly in a political context, a significant portion focused on women from the perspective of care, based on themes such as domesticity, motherhood, and caregiving (where the figure of the healthcare worker is dominant). To a lesser extent, other studies addressed the issue of gender-based violence. Our study also highlights the lack of significant French-language contributions on the representation of women in the media during the first three years of the pandemic.

Si le médiévalisme des romantiques – et par la suite de la fantasy – exprime une réaction négative – voire une critique – de la modernité industrielle, il est frappant de constater que celle-ci s’est aussi emparée des tropes du Moyen Âge imaginaire pour développer son propre discours. L’entreprise Disney constitue un exemple parfait de ce type d’appropriation. Le médiévalisme est non seulement au cœur de ses fictions, mais également au centre de ses parcs d’attractions, tous construits autour d’un château. Celui-ci opère comme la réalisation d’un rêve abordable pour tous, celui de l’homme du peuple transformé en prince, qui fait écho au mythe américain du self-made man. Mais à bien y regarder, c’est une promesse qui s’intègre dans un processus commercial auquel seuls les plus riches ont accès. Suivant cette logique, le château devient même le symbole du génie entrepreneurial de Walt Disney et permet de parer sa société d’une imagerie médiévaliste faisant justement oublier à quel point cette multinationale est un produit de la modernité industrielle.

Following a plurality of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, and starting from a sampling of four urban territories (Paris 18th, Ivry-sur-Seine, Aubervilliers, Clamart) according to the inequalities observed, the paper aims at studying the evolution of the relations between local authorities and associations and collectives in a context of socio-environmental transition integrating issues of justice. The common denominator of these associations is about addressing environmental and social issues through their repertoires of action: the spectrum extends from the neighborhood recycling center to the solidarity grocery store, including the shared garden involved in popular education. The comparative approach between the four territories analyses the specificities of the mobilizations of associations and collectives with regard to the socio-environmental inequalities of the municipalities.

The words commonly used in English and French to describe people’s resilience in the face of adversity are related to force, movement and stance - literally or metaphorically. Resilience also bears a relationship to time and space, and ultimately to voice, silence and stillness. In this lecture-performance we propose a dynamic re-enactment of the main connections and processes involved.

If, in its early days, photography was used as one of the tools of colonialism, durably propagating numerous stereotypes about Native American people, it has also become a vehicle for emancipation and reparation. In this context, photographic portraits can be described as displaying agency, encouraging the process of subjectification, offering counter-hegemonic imagery as well as empowering multiple identifications. Through their photographic practices and manipulations, Jean LaMarr (b. 1945, Pit River/Paiute) and Hulleah J. Tsinhnahjinnie (b. 1954, Seminole/Muscogee/Diné) create imagery antagonistic to myths, showing multifaceted and complex identities. Based on a selection of their works and the cultural, historical and political context of these productions, this article examines the self-determining potential of photographic portraiture.

Une liste des Cerophytidae, Elateridae, Eucnemidae et Throscidae du bassin genevois est présentée avec quelques commentaires et annotations. Le présent travail est basé sur des prospections de terrain ciblées, sur une analyse critique de la littérature et des recherches dans les collections muséales et privées. Une espèce de Cerophytidae, 102 espèces d’Elateridae, 14 espèces d’Eucnemidae et 9 espèces de Throscidae sont recensées dans le bassin genevois. 13 espèces insuffisamment documentées (Elateridae) sont à considérer comme douteuses et sont donc répertoriées séparément. Enfin, 9 espèces (8 Elateridae et 1 Throscidae) potentiellement présentes dans le bassin genevois mais pour l’heure non recensées, sont également mentionnées et discutées. Les résultats montrent que du point de vue patrimonial, 44 espèces saproxyliques sont de grande valeur, car rares et/ou exigeantes envers leur habitat.

The aim of this paper is to provide a short synthesis of old studies carried out on the upper trench of the Gier aqueduct in the light of new data provided by two preventive archaeology operations conducted in Saint-Joseph (Loire) at a place called Grange-Blanche: an evaluation in 2007 and the excavation that followed in 2008. In particular, these new data opened up new ideas on the nature and function of this trench, and cast light on questions about the route and construction of the aqueduct.In 2007, the archaeological evaluation conducted by Catherine Coquidé (Inrap) prior to the construction of a housing estate brought to light for the first time a buried section of the upper trench of the Gier aqueduct alongside the remains of its channel, which it doubles from Saint-Chamond (Loire) to Chabanière (Rhône) between ten and fifteen metres above its base. Known since the 19th century, it had until then only been identified above ground, and had been explored in just a few specific studies and syntheses. The few complete maps that we have date from the first studies, in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. In these, a number of hypotheses had been proposed as to its nature and function, the most commonly accepted being that it represented an early route of the Gier aqueduct which was abandoned because the work involved in developing it in the large valleys that it bypasses would have been too extensive and costly.The 2008 excavation that followed this evaluation, led by Guillaume Maza (Evéha), focused only the upper trench, its immediate surroundings and an ancient ground level section observed to the northeast of it. The excavation followed its course over an 89 m stretch at the place where, like the aqueduct, it begins a turn from the southwest. In addition, a thorough examination of its profile and filling was carried out by means of four deep soundings and two verification surveys. Its profile, similar to that observed above ground at Chagnon during earlier surveys by Jean Burdy and and Jean-Claude Litaudon, appeared very similar to that of the aqueduct’s installation trench, though with smaller dimensions and significant irregularities. Although the date of the trench could not be clarified, examination of its filling produced a wealth of information about its abandonment. This probably happened quickly and took place in several stages. No trace of masonry was found in the infill or near the trench.These new unpublished data add to our knowledge of this structure, an almost unique and somewhat poorly documented example in the Roman world. While it is undoubtedly linked with the Gier aqueduct, it seems to be more than a levelling error, but rather part of a different aqueduct project from the one finally executed –an aqueduct that would have been around ten metres higher, narrower and likely to have developed more significantly in the Janon, Langonand and Durèze valleys. While the reasons for its abandonment remain unknown, it would appear that a construction project, even one that has started, does not stand still. The discovery of the upper trench during the evaluation of 2007 and the 2008 excavation was an opportunity to document the structure in a new, buried form, and to consider whether it is worth protecting. Although it is sometimes included in the the Gier aqueduct’s protected zone, it does not benefit from any specific protection.

A combined study of the construction and materials was carried out on the Beaunant and Garon venter bridges within the framework of two doctoral theses undertaken at Lumière Lyon 2 University. This work forms part of the “construction” component of the Quatre aqueducs lyonnais Group headed by Aldo Borlenghi (Lyon 2 University) and Catherine Coquidé (Inrap).The Beaunant and Garon venter bridges are remarkable for their state of preservation and constitute a unique material for the study of this type of structure. They were both built in an unusual way: initially constructed with openings between the piers for either economic or aesthetic reasons, the bridges were subsequently filled in because of the risk of the piles collapsing. It is not known when this blocking was done, but it was probably not long after construction given the similarities between the original facing and the backfill. The aim of this dual study of construction and materials was therefore to understand how the piers were built, and why and how the arches were filled in. The construction study was based on photogrammetric surveys and a complete examination of all the architectural building blocks. Samples of stone, brick and mortar were taken from the original piles and the backfill of both bridges in order to identify the different materials employed. This dual study also compared the two bridges which –though different in their development– were built in the same way. The two venter bridges were made using the opus reticulatum mixtum technique, where square-headed pyramidal rubble stones are arranged at an angle of 45° in alternation with double layers of brick. When the arches of the two bridges were filled in, the corner chains were dismantled to allow the filling to be put in place. The construction technique is the same for both the original piers and the backfill. The same materials are used. In other words, the aim was to perfectly match the two phases of construction. However, this twin study showed that, despite this apparent homogeneity, there were some differences between the original piers and the backfill. For example, monochrome facing can be observed on piers 8, 9, 10, 21 and 22 of the Beaunant bridge, while the facing on the original piers is two-coloured.In particular, a comparison between the two bridges shows a difference in the use of mortar on the two bridges. The lime mortar was made from the sand of the rivers flowing under the two bridges; the Yzeron in the case of the Beaunant bridge, the Garon in bridge. However, the main difference between the two bridges is the facing. Garon’s venter bridge has a monochrome facing made of local granite. In contrast, the facing on Beaunant’s venter bridge consists of two colours, alternating between black rubble and white rubble. The first is granite or gneiss, a local rock. The second is imported limestone. The use of limestone is increasingly common in the Gier aqueduct near Lyon.In conclusion, the joint study of construction and materials led to new observations and new ideas about the construction technique employed on the Gier aqueduct and the materials used.

Cet article se concentre sur l’étude de deux revues, Pour vous de Tchécoslovaquie (1961–1992) et Soyez les bienvenus en Tchécoslovaquie (1965–1990), publiées par l’État tchécoslovaque à destination de touristes étranger.es afin de promouvoir le pays et ses produits. Par la profusion de photographies qui y sont publiées, ces deux revues s’inscrivent dans un vaste ensemble d’images produit par le tourisme, son industrie et les objets médiatiques qu’il implique (livres, revues, prospectus, cartes postales, photographies amateurs). À partir de ce constat quantitatif, l’article se concentre sur les modalités d’expression, commerciales et politiques, et la construction d’une norme visuelle du bonheur touristique, à laquelle l’expérience du voyageur est ici liée. Dans un rapport de synecdoque, la scène de bonheur immortalisée est signe d’un voyage réussi, et cette relation entre image et expérience est à la base du discours éditorial mis en place dans les deux revues. La revue est un espace de communication politique, une vitrine pour la société socialiste qui se donne à voir sous son meilleur jour, touristique et idéologique. Mais l’article met aussi en évidence des motifs et des codes éditoriaux empruntés à la presse magazine occidentale, notamment consuméristes, où le registre du bonheur devient le signe d’une possible expérience commune du voyage. L’article propose d’explorer l’hypothèse selon laquelle l’iconographie du bonheur touristique ici mise en place, dans le contexte de la guerre froide, contribue à l’élaboration d’un continuum visuel entre « Est » et « Ouest ». Donner à voir le bonheur sert donc de stratégie de séduction du lectorat et d’arguments indissociablement politiques et commerciaux.