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The purpose of this study is to develop an architectural and construction solution for protecting the civilian population in a multi-story residential building by creating a safe space with instant accessibility. The paper analyzes the past and present experience of designing and constructing civil defense facilities. An architectural and structural solution of the “safety capsule” − a form of protection of the civilian population of instant accessibility in multi-storey residential buildings has been developed based on the best practices. The safety capsule is a dual-purpose protective structure of instant accessibility, that can be used as a shelter during emergencies and as an auxiliary room in peacetime by the residents of the house. The options for detailed planning of the internal space of the “safety capsule” were designed. The proposed solution is integrated into the architectural and planning structure of multi-storey residential buildings by the example of 12-storey and 16-storey residential buildings.

Article is devoted to the investigation of suitability of low carbon Roman cement for restoration and finishing works. The history of the development of Roman cement as a natural hydraulic binder, which was commonly used to decorate building facades in the 19th and early 20th centuries, is presented. The properties of mortars based on Roman cement make it an excellent product for architectural restoration and conservation, as they are characterized by fast setting, high porosity typical for lime mortars, high resistance to weather conditions, high initial strength. At the same time, due to the high surface activity and increased water demand for cement, with the age of hardening, shrinkage deformations can develop, which leads to the formation of main cracks on the surface of the products. It is shown that the addition of gypsum is an effective regulator of the setting time of Roman cement and contributes to an increase in the strength of the cement paste. Analogs of Roman cement based on multicomponent cement binders modified with plasticizing and air-entraining additives are presented.