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Georg Brandes (1842–1927) has had a significant influence on the development of the Chinese lyrical tradition since the beginning of the 20th century. During a panel on comparative literature at the Association for Asian Studies (AAS) in 1971, Chen Shih-Hsiang said that the “Chinese literary tradition as a whole is a lyrical tradition,” offering another perspective for interpreting the Chinese literary tradition. The Chinese lyrical tradition emphasizes expressing deep feelings (or embodying lyricism) in various art forms. When tracing the trajectory of the development of the Chinese lyrical tradition, one finds that Lu Xun’s “Moluo shi li shuo” (On the Power of Mara Poetry) (Mara Poetry) has had a profound impact on the formation of the lyrical tradition, which was proposed by Chen ShihHsiang in 1971, and has been consolidated by Chan K. K. Leonard since the 21st century. However, the important role that Brandes played in Lu Xun’s analysis in “Mara Poetry” has not received the attention it deserves. In fact, Lu Xun’s article is deeply indebted to Brandes’s Poland: A Study of the Land, People and Literature (Poland). In order to bridge this research gap, the aim of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it attempts to examine the degree to which Brandes helped develop the Chinese lyrical tradition by identifying his influence on Lu Xun. Secondly, it traces the development of the tradition by delineating both Chen’s and Chan’s contributions. Chen’s research helps highlight the characteristics of A. Mickiewicz’s poetry introduced by both Brandes and Lu Xun, which were considered the major characteristics of the Chinese lyrical tradition by Chen later on. Chan’s study further suggested that the characteristics embodied in Mickiewicz’s poetry can also be found in Lu Ji’s (261–303 AD) “Wen Fu” (Essay on Literature).

The moral credential effect is the phenomenon where an initial behavior that presumably establishes one as moral “licenses” the person to subsequently engage in morally questionable behaviors. In line with this effect, Monin and Miller (2001, Study 2) found that participants who initially had an opportunity to hire a job candidate from disadvantaged groups (vs. those without such an opportunity) subsequently indicated preferences that were more likely to be perceived as prejudiced. We conducted a direct replication of this study with US participants on a crowdsourcing platform (n after exclusion = 932). We found no support for a consistent moral credential effect: the effect was close to zero in a scenario where participants indicated their preferences to hire from different ethnicities (d = 0.02 to 0.08, depending on inclusion criteria), and was in the opposite direction in a scenario where they indicated preferences for different genders (d = –0.50 to –0.38). With two extensions to the original study design, we found no evidence that domain-inconsistent moral credentials are less effective in licensing than domain-consistent moral credentials and that moral credentials moderate the association between reputational concern and expressing potentially prejudiced preferences. All materials, data, and analysis scripts are shared at https://osf.io/phym3. This Registered Report has been endorsed by Peer Community In Registered Reports: https://doi.org/10.24072/pci.rr.100726.

In his PhD proposal, now published as Seeing Sociological, Garfinkel [2006] formulated action in terms of a mutually constitutive structure—the Noesis-Noema Structures. This structure can be traced to Aaron Gurwitsch’s gestalt psychology and Law of Good Gestalt which theorises how participants prioritise functional Gestalts over other possible meanings of what is perceivable in their surroundings. While Gurwitsch illustrated his theory using images, in this paper we revisit Gurwitsch’s theory in light of the advances in recording real-time interaction to consider Gestalt in spatio-temporality of real-time interaction. We consider the Law of Good Gestalt in terms of the dimensions of time and space, and postulate two analytical principles—the Principle of Good Momentary Gestalt and the Principle of Good Temporal Gestalt—for analysing a multi-angle video segment of a monologue taken from a training event. The analysis examines how the monologue was embedded in a multi-layer projection structure, so that during the time of the monologue, the trainer and trainees can be seen as achieving a transition between one activity to another while sustaining the frame of the training event. Through this, the analysis highlights the multi-layered structure of participants’ field of perception that constitutes their experience of the social activity, and explores a “method” to reconstruct such a structured field of perception through re-coupling meanings to the assemblages of multimodal resources recoverable on video.

There are both similarities and differences in the cuisine cultures of China, India, and Japan. The cuisine of the Three Kingdoms was initially influenced by ancient China. However, as they developed their own unique cuisine cultures, they were influenced by various factors such as religion, geography, and history, carrying rich national culture and spirit. The similarities and differences in the cuisine of the Three Kingdoms, while rooted in daily dietary practices, hold significant research value. This paper will analyze and explore the characteristic similarities and differences among Chinese, Japanese, and Indian cuisines, and examine their shared traits and cultural significance.

Introduction. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the most frequent cause of early onset neonatal sepsis. The objective of the study was to assess antibiotic resistance of GBS in pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in South Vietnam. Materials and methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2018 and May 2019 in Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Can Tho Maternity Hospital (Vietnam) to determine the incidence of GBS infection. Anorectal and vaginal samples were taken from 203 pregnant women attending an antenatal examination at 35-37 weeks of gestation. Specimens showing a positive result for GBS were evaluated to identify antibiotic resistance using the Kirby-Bauer test. Results. The positive GBS rate in pregnant women was 16.3%. The rate of antibiotic resistance in the GBS-positive samples analysed was as follows: Vancomycin (resistant 18.2%, sensitive 81.8%), Cefazolin (resistant 30.3%, sensitive 69.7%), Erythromycin (resistant 24.2%, intermediate 9.1%, sensitive 63.7%), Clindamycin (resistant 63.7%, intermediate 3% and sensitive 33.3%), and Ampicillin (resistant 87.9%, sensitive 12.1%). In Vietnam, antibiotic prophylaxis for infection prevention in pregnant women with positive GBS includes Cefazolin and Vancomycin. Conclusions. Pregnant women should be tested for GBS infection, ideally between weeks 35 and 37 of pregnancy. During labour, antibiotics such as Cefazolin and Vancomycin are most effective for preventing infections.

Contexte : Plusieurs vaccins antigrippaux sont autorisés au Canada et les données probantes sur la vaccination contre la grippe sont en constante évolution. Le Comité consultatif national de l’immunisation (CCNI) présente chaque année à l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada (l’Agence) des recommandations concernant l’utilisation des vaccins contre la grippe saisonnière. Objectifs : Résumer les recommandations du CCNI sur l’utilisation des vaccins antigrippaux pour la saison 2021–2022 et mettre en évidence les nouvelles recommandations. Méthodes : Les recommandations annuelles concernant vaccination antigrippale sont élaborées par le Groupe de travail sur l’influenza du CCNI pour examen et approbation par le CCNI. L’élaboration des recommandations est basée sur le processus du CCNI fondé sur des données probantes. Résultats : Les nouvelles recommandations suivantes ont été formulées : 1) InfluvacMD Tetra peut être considéré comme une option parmi les vaccins antigrippaux inactivés quadrivalents à dose standard (IIV4-SD) proposés aux adultes et aux enfants âgés de trois ans et plus; 2) FluzoneMD Haute dose Quadrivalent (IIV4-HD) peut être considéré comme une option pour les personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus pour lesquelles il est actuellement recommandé de recevoir FluzoneMD Haute dose (trivalent); et 3) FlucelvaxMD Quad peut être considéré comme l’un des vaccins grippaux quadrivalents proposés aux adultes et aux enfants âgés de neuf ans et plus pour la vaccination antigrippale annuelle. Des conseils pour l’utilisation des vaccins antigrippaux pendant la pandémie de coronavirus de 2019 sont également soulignés. Conclusion : Le CCNI continue de recommander qu’un vaccin antigrippal indiqué selon l’âge soit proposé chaque année à toute personne de six mois et plus qui ne présente aucune contre-indication à l’administration du vaccin. La vaccination doit être proposée en priorité aux personnes présentant un risque élevé de complications liées à la grippe ou d’hospitalisation, aux personnes susceptibles de transmettre la grippe aux personnes présentant un risque élevé de complications, et à d’autres personnes, selon les indications.

Contexte : Les données probantes sur la vaccination antigrippale sont en constante évolution. Le Comité consultatif national de l’immunisation (CCNI) présente chaque année des recommandations sur l’utilisation des vaccins antigrippaux saisonniers à l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada. Objectifs : Résumer les recommandations du CCNI sur l’utilisation des vaccins antigrippaux pour la saison 2020–2021 et mettre en exergue les recommandations nouvelles et actualisées. Méthodes : 1) Pour mettre à jour la formulation de la recommandation sur la vaccination antigrippale des travailleurs de la santé, le CCNI a réévalué les données probantes du point de vue de l’éthique et de l’acceptabilité, en accord avec son mandat récemment élargi. 2) Pour établir des recommandations sur le recours au vaccin vivant atténué contre l’influenza (VVAI) chez les personnes infectées par le VIH, le Groupe de travail sur l’influenza a élaboré une stratégie de recherche prédéfinie pour répertorier toutes les études admissibles, évaluer leur qualité, et résumer et analyser les résultats selon le processus fondé sur les données probantes du CCNI. Le CCNI a formulé de nouvelles recommandations fondées sur l’évaluation des données probantes. Résultats : 1) Le CCNI continue de recommander que les travailleurs de la santé et les autres fournisseurs de soins qui interviennent en établissements et en milieux communautaires se fassent vacciner chaque année contre la grippe, et que ce groupe soit inclus parmi ceux pour lesquels le vaccin antigrippal est particulièrement recommandé. 2) Le CCNI a conclu que le VVAI était immunogène chez les enfants ayant une infection stable au VIH. De ce fait, il recommande que le VVAI peut être une option chez les enfants de 2 à 17 ans ayant une infection stable au VIH, recevant un traitement antirétroviral hautement actif et dont le système immunitaire fonctionne relativement bien. Conclusion : Le CCNI continue de recommander qu’un vaccin antigrippal adapté à l’âge soit proposé chaque année à toute personne de six mois et plus qui ne présente aucune contre-indication à l’administration du vaccin, en accordant une importance particulière aux groupes pour lesquels la vaccination antigrippale est particulièrement recommandée.

Contexte : La maladie de Lyme (ML) est en progression dans de nombreuses régions du centre et de l’est du Canada. Le sérodiagnostic est la méthode la plus couramment utilisée pour étayer le diagnostic en laboratoire de la ML. La sérologie à deux volets standard (SDVS) de la ML consiste à détecter les anticorps dirigés contre Borrelia burgdorferi au moyen d’un essai immunoenzymatique (EIA) suivi d’un test d’immuno-empreinte des IgM et/ou des IgG. Une meilleure sensibilité a cependant été observée avec une approche de sérologie à deux volets modifiée (SDVM), qui consiste à remplacer le test d’immuno-empreinte habituel par un second EIA. Cet article résume les données probantes étayant l’utilisation de la SDVM par rapport à la SDVS pour le sérodiagnostic de la ML au Canada. Méthodes : La sensibilité et la spécificité de différents EIA ont été comparées entre la SDVM et la SDVS chez des patients ayant des antécédents cliniques de ML et vivant dans des régions où la ML est endémique ou à partir d’échantillons issus de la banque de sérums pour la ML. Cette comparaison à été effectuée par un groupe d’experts canadiens en diagnostic de la maladie de Lyme à partir de publications évaluées par les pairs. Résultats : La SDVM a systématiquement démontré une meilleure sensibilité dans la détection des infections à B. burgdorferi au stade précoce par rapport à la SDVS tout en maintenant une spécificité élevée. Conclusion : Des améliorations dans la sensibilité du diagnostic de la ML sans perte importante de spécificité ont été systématiquement observées lorsque la SDVM était comparée à la SDVS dans les études menées dans les régions où la ML est fortement endémique. Notre groupe de travail souscrit à la recommandation des Centres pour le contrôle et la prévention des maladies (CDC) des États-Unis selon laquelle le sérodiagnostic de la ML par SDVM constitue une solution de substitution acceptable à la STDS. Cette recommandation est conditionnelle à la conception et à la réalisation d’études de validation approfondies sur l’efficacité de la STDM par rapport à la STDS dans le contexte canadien, notamment avec l’évaluation de l’efficacité du test dans les régions où la ML est faiblement endémique.

The objective of this article is to demonstrate the potential of design focused on the physical and cognitive restrictions of those who use technical aids. The advantages of research conducted by an ergonomist and an occupational therapist will be described. Using real-life situations as a starting point, we outline the benefits of this approach, as well as the need for adaptation that it imposes compared to a "classic" design mode. Indeed, giving voice to people with disabilities on both the elements of the interface but also on the directions that must take development, requires that we adjust to their rhythms, their environments and their great level of fatigability.

One hundred Swiss railroad posters are analyzed. They run from the end of 19th century to the beginning of the mass tourism, before the generalized use of the photography. They are draftsmen’s work. They represented symbolic landscapes of low mountain range: meadows, forests, waterfalls, blue sky and snowy crests. They aimed at a young public of foreigners. They are incited to take the train to go in the new Swiss fashionable stations, at first in summer then in winter, to breeze some fresh air and to practice sports.

Les six ONG de conservation de la nature auteures de cet article proposent leur argumentaire pour une évolution de la politique forestière nationale. Celui-ci est fondé suivant cinq grands principes de gestion du bien commun que sont les forêts : 1. Assurer une gestion multifonctionnelle valorisant tous les services écologiques des forêts ; 2. Mettre la biodiversité au coeur de la politique forestière pour faciliter l’adaptation de la gestion ; 3. Accroître l’écoute des attentes de la société, pour mieux y répondre ; 4. Mettre forêts et forestiers en capacité de répondre pleinement aux enjeux inédits de la crise climatique ; 5. Insérer les forêts dans l’aménagement du territoire comme infrastructure verte de l’économie. Ensuite, les six ONG recommandent une orientation politique générale consistant à fonder toute politique forestière sur la charte constitutionnelle de l’environnement de 2004 et proposent 21 mesures structurelles ou opérationnelles.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an effect of work motivation on the performance of Public Elementary School 2 teachers in Merauke. This study uses a survey method with a quantitative approach. The research data was obtained through the distribution of questionnaires to 32 teachers. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression statistics. To get the results of accurate data analysis, software assistance is used in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 24. The results of data analysis show that there is a significant effect of work motivation on teacher performance (0.000

During the second half of the nineteenth century, spas were born on the northern part of the Algerian territory, where aboriginals and settlers were living separately. These architecturally specific buildings were intended for both Algerians and Europeans. Often of local traditional inspiration, their look also included characteristics related to their activity and function, and reflected the varied cultural codes of the dual clientele of Algerian and European origin. The present work aims to analyze the architectural style of these establishments and to distinguish the local aesthetic specificities used in this type of building, by considering their functionality and the origin of the users (Europeans or Algerians).

Holidays involve the «suspension» of usual routines. In the Early 1950s, when leisure vacation was confined to a small minority, traveling abroad to a «club de vacances» was an elitist habit in two different ways: to a large majority, it meant belonging to a privileged group; as refers to conventional bourgeoisie holiday, it meant to embrace a set of values opposed to those shared by conformist bourgeoisie. By focusing on written and oral sources, this article analyses the establishment of new rules and values within the Club Méditerranée in the 1950s.

Pediatric Longitudinal Experience with Residents (PedLER) is a unique program at the University of Toronto, designed to foster formal mentorship between pediatric residents and first-year medical students.

Ode to the “National Revolution” led by Salazar, the Portuguese World Exhibition of 1940 was inaugurated with great pomp while Europe was ravaged by war. The exhibition was part of the construction of a “national novel”, seeking to unify the nation by a nationalist manipulation of history. They do that to establish the domination of salazarian power, for both colonized people and native people of metropolis.

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Résumé La présente recherche s’est intéressée à la situation d’étude de l’orthographe lexicale à la maison au moyen d’entretiens auprès de 272 élèves du premier cycle du primaire. Les résultats ont révélé différentes manières d’opérer chez les élèves pour s’acquitter de cette tâche. Si une bonne part des élèves consacrait du temps pour étudier l’orthographe à la maison, 4 élèves sur 10 se faisaient dicter les mots par un parent sans consacrer préalablement du temps d’étude. Diverses stratégies sont évoquées par les élèves pour encoder l’orthographe, mais ce sont les filles et les élèves sans difficulté qui ont déclaré utiliser le plus de stratégies et celles-ci étaient davantage diversifiées que chez les garçons et les élèves en difficulté. Les élèves ont rapporté que les stratégies étaient le plus souvent utilisées en copiant les mots avec modèle. C’étaient majoritairement les mères qui soutenaient les enfants au regard de cette tâche scolaire à domicile. Abstract This study focuses on the learning process of vocabulary spelling at home. Data were collected using interviews with 272 students of Grades 1 and 2. Results reveal that students accomplish this task in different ways. A large proportion of students spend time studying spelling at home. However, 4 out of 10 students do not study vocabulary words prior to their parents reading them out loud. Students use various strategies to learn spelling, but girls and students without difficulties reported using more strategies compared to boys and students with difficulties. Students indicated that strategies are most often used when they copy words using a model. It is mostly mothers who support children during spelling study at home.

At the beginning of the 2015-2016 academic year a new education program was launched, run as a joint project between the Department of Geography at the University of Vincennes in Saint-Denis (Paris 8) and the People’s University of Saint-Denis, known as the “Dionyversité”. This hybrid form of education has been seen as an opportunity to create, within the context of institutional education, a non-authoritarian educational approach that places fostering students’ appetite for learning above the obligation to complete work. This article details the implementation of this program, its positive aspects as well as its limitations. It raises questions rather providing answers (about evaluation, student-teacher relations, roles and expectations of both educators and students, authority, violence within a university context, etc.), while leaving scope for imagining pedagogical innovations that can respond to them, and reflecting upon the specific role that geography as a subject area plays in this kind of education experiment.

« Un seul oiseau en cage / La liberté est en deuil » (Jacques Prévert) Concours de twittérature (Semaine de la Francophonie 2017) Pour célébrer la Semaine de la Francophonie 2017, le service culturel de l’Ambassade de France au Canada a lancé en mars dernier un concours de twittérature, autour de la figure du poète et artiste français Jacques Prévert, disparu il y a tout juste quarante ans. En 140 signes maximum – incluant le mot dièse #Prévert et le tag @francetoronto – élèves, enseignants, parents, poètes en herbe comme poètes confirmés, ont pu laisser libre cours à leur imagination en répondant au vers de la plume de Prévert – « Un seul oiseau en cage / La liberté est en deuil » – à partir de leur compte Twitter.

The pavilions architecture had a specific logic, closely linked to exhibitions. The supremacy of Algerian vernacular styles reveals the desire to show exotic and folk places. If the Neo Classical, Art Nouveau and Art Déco were strongly present on the Algerian territory, they were rarely exhibited indeed. In regards to that, this colonial society including its cultural and architectural specifities remained ignored. These observations represent the main topic in this work.

This article conveys an historical analysis on some pavilions representing the Tunisian presence in world fairs from 1851 to 2010. It focuses particularly on their architectural components. It wants to demonstrate that the adoption of architectural Orientalism as a cachet emanated predominantly from an orchestrated policy rather than the application of a fashionable stylistic. Pertinent vectors of the message intended by the empowered people to be transmitted; these pavilions were not simply «exibition architecture»: they were more «architecture of representation» at the service of the capitalist forces, the colonial policies and the overweening ambitions of some leaders.

Windows opened on the world, International Exhibitions provide public representations of the countries that are often idealized, especially when financial profitability considerations are involved, because it usually incites organizers to find “exotic” attractions to reach success. For many countries it’s a necessity to be represented at their best, both for economic, commercial or diplomatic issues. For this ambition they are also forced to choose which representation of themselves they want to show, and sometimes that turns into a caricature. Through the example of several Latin American countries (Mexico, Peru, Argentina…), we will see the “factory image” at work, showing the different strategies adopted by the participating countries and the dangers and disappointments they run into.

This paper focus on the links between nationalism and royalism within the Action Française. By analyzing different angles of Maurras’ ideological construct of Monarchy, disowned by both the old royalists and the pretenders to the throne, we try to explain why this way of picturing the royalty was not a simple anachronistic nostalgia of times gone by. Following Brian Jenkins and Zeev Sternhell’s vision of a “populist-modern” rather than “elitist-reactionary” Action Française, this paper explains to what extent and through which channels monarchy became to this movement an increasingly symbolic choice to create an alternative national imagination against the Third Republic’s one. A conceptual tool, necessarily dynamic and creative, subordinate to the integral nationalism’s requirements.

Born in 1962 with the Canadian Geographical Information System (CGIS), the GIS knew a spectacular development and broaden its applications, touching various disciplines that made its potential come out. Nonetheless, many functions have not been exploited yet. And it is precisely in domains other than the most usual, such as the quantitative geography, that we can appreciate the value of this tool, as this historical research El éxodo catalán de 1936 a través de los Pirineos. De la derrota a la victoria demonstrates.

Zotero, born in the Center for History and New Media of the George Mason University, in Virginia, stands out among softwares for storing bibliographic data, fitting the new digital environments in which historians operate nowadays. Its numerous functions, described in these pages, are essential tools for the management and exploitation of many different types of historical sources. Data organized through Zotero, exportable to every kind of support, can be finally structured and organized to be published, shared and used online as bibliographical references.

The study of urbanization of the built up area on in Lyon, parceled out into plots of land, is based on the identification and counting of a large number of files and heterogeneous sources. One of the challenges in developing a new tool for analysis of the urban phenomenon consists in the integration of these data into a coherent system, thanks to a Geographical Information System. This new tool allows, in particular, to trace the suburban sprawl of residential and private housing estates since 1950 in all its forms: this phenomenon is relatively little studied, but nevertheless has a large impact on the development of Lyon’s conurbation.

The objective of this article is to demonstrate how the Loire inhabitants managed to keep informed about the Spanish war events. Indeed, despite being far from Spain, they felt concerned by any information related to those incidents. According to the newspapers political orientations (communist, radical, socio-democrat, right wing), the analysis fed different types of fear. The fear of being surrounded by dictatorship, the fear of Bolshevism destroying places of cult, the fear produced by the pictures of people suffering, victims of bombings. This fear produced various reactions and actions: people organised collects, called for donations, some convoys were sent from Saint-Etienne to Spain, in 1937 children from the Basque country were fostered… Other newspapers used the tensions between republicans to depreciate the French left wing.

Correction d'une série d’erreurs, dont des références inexactes, ayant paru aux pages 429, 430 et 433 de l’article suivant : Simpson A, Furlong A, Jetha N. Aperçu – Intégrer l’équité : examen d’interventions visant l’amélioration de la santé mentale. Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada. 2018;38(10):429-433. doi: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.10.04f.

Dans un premier temps, nous présentons la problématique de l’effet des changements climatiques sur la biodiversité en soulignant, d’une part, que cette évolution ne peut être prédite sur la seule base de scénarios moyens à l’échelle d’une région et que, d’autre part, elle doit être analysée avec une approche systémique, selon laquelle les changements climatiques vont interagir avec d’autres facteurs actuels d’érosion de la biodiversité. En outre, l’évolution des comportements de nos sociétés vis-à-vis de ces changements constitue aussi un facteur pouvant affecter la biodiversité et introduit un troisième niveau de complexité à prendre en compte. Il en résulte que cette évolution de la biodiversité est entachée d’une forte incertitude, alors que de nombreuses stratégies mises sur le fait que la biodiversité pourrait contribuer, comme actuellement, à atténuer l’ampleur des changements climatiques ou à en limiter les effets. Dans un second temps, après avoir souligné que cette situation d’incertitude justifiait à l’évidence l’application du principe de précaution, c’est-à-dire incite à agir en dépit de ces incertitudes, nous proposons cinq principes d’action pour des stratégies « sans regrets », c’est-à-dire valables dans une large gamme de scénarios d’évolution : renforcer les politiques visant à limiter les pressions actuelles sur la biodiversité, favoriser l’adaptation sur place des espèces et des écosystèmes, veiller à la multifonctionnalité des aménagements réalisés, mettre en place un modèle socioéconomique durable du développement du capital écologique et associer les citoyens à toutes ces actions afin de codévelopper les capitaux naturels et sociaux.

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Correction à l'article : Comité directeur des IMCC. Aperçu – Indicateurs des maladies chroniques au Canada, édition 2017. Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada. 2017;37(8):272-5.

Jusqu’à une époque récente, les structures d’expertise des pays développés ont réalisé leur travail d’analyse du risque sanitaire des aliments selon un modèle « standard », élaboré pour l’analyse d’autres risques technologiques et dont nous rappellerons tout d’abord les caractéristiques et les principales options. Depuis le début des années 80, l’observation d’un certain nombre de dysfonctionnements dans la chaîne de l’alimentation a suscité dans l’opinion publique de plusieurs pays un scepticisme croissant sur la valeur de ce modèle. Le principe de précaution a donc été proposé comme un nouveau fil conducteur pour améliorer l’analyse du risque alimentaire. Nous en présenterons tout d’abord les conséquences sur la gestion du risque, en nous basant sur la définition « proportionnée » du principe de précaution qui émerge actuellement en Europe. Nous remonterons ensuite au niveau de l’évaluation des risques, pour montrer comment les nouvelles demandes des gestionnaires pour une bonne application du principe de précaution ont des conséquences importantes sur la démarche d’évaluation elle-même. Enfin, nous interrogerons la vision « standard » de la communication du risque, conçue comme la dernière phase du processus d’analyse de risque. Nous montrerons en quoi une contribution active de représentants de la société civile dès les phases d’évaluation et de gestion peut permettre à la fois d’améliorer la qualité et l’acceptabilité de l’analyse de risque. L’application du principe de précaution a donc des conséquences non pas sur une seule mais sur les trois phases de l’analyse du risque. L’ensemble de ces modifications permet de proposer un modèle alternatif, dit « constructiviste », qui, dans le cas du risque alimentaire, peut contribuer à une meilleure acceptabilité par la société des rares, mais inévitables, dysfonctionnements de la production de nos aliments.

In high-rise residential buildings, the quality of facilities management services is significant to the normal operation of the facilities. Unfortunately, lack of concern towards building maintenance, especially preventive maintenance, happens in domestic housing industry in Malaysia. Majority of the maintenance operations of condominiums suffer from lack of planning, lack of proactive maintenance plan, and lack of proper implementation. Thus, this paper reviews the implementation of preventive maintenance strategy, routine maintenance in specific. An extensive review of literature published in 1987 to 2014 is performed for the purpose of this research. The publications are sourced from journal articles, conference proceedings and books. The literature analysis confirms that the routine maintenance of facilities and building services is vital and it can be influential towards the maintenance performance. Subsequently, a theoretical framework is developed, which shows the relationship between routine maintenance of building facilities & services and maintenance performance. The building facilities & services are divided into two categories. They are essential facilities & services that ensure the safety, health, habitability, and operability of buildings; while value-added facilities & services deal with property value, return on investment, and quality living of buildings. Based on the findings, a future research is proposed, which aims to identify the appropriate routine of maintenance for the facilities and services in high-rise residential buildings to improve the maintenance performance.

Building condition assessment is growing and become more important in the context of the built environment and Asset Management in Malaysia. This paper presents the method and the use of a standard guidelines for Building Condition Assessment (BCA) as a tool to evaluate the physical condition of the building. The purpose of this paper is to understand the use of BCA in assessing building condition. The methodology was based on literature review, review contents from archive document of Public Work Department (PWD) Malaysia which is involved study on the existing methods, proposal, discussion, piloting, improvement, approval and analysis of data. A case study involved of 15 buildings with various function such as office, health clinic, quarters and learning institution involved by more than 300 numbers of building inspectors or assessors. The findings shows that the using of the standard for condition assessment, the building inspectors or assessors can provide the data and condition rating to the buildings according to the standard. The results then used to examine a level consistency of BCA in data collection and it will easily assessed and understood, and the appropriateness of BCA to different types of buildings.

Correction à : Harland E, Griffith J, Lu H, Erickson T, Magsino K. Comportements en matière de santé associés au bronzage artificiel d’après l’Enquête sur la santé des jeunes du Manitoba de 2012-2013. Promotion de la santé et prévention des maladies chroniques au Canada. 2016;36(8):167-82.

Huge losses in quantity, quality and monetary terms do result from poor crop storage in Nigeria. These severe post-harvest losses cannot be tolerated when observed that large deficits exist between supply and demand for major food items in the country. The paper reviewed the losses due to poor storage. It also surveyed factors responsible for these losses, and some of the efforts made by the Nigerian stored product Research Institute (NSPRI). The author called for a National Storage Scheme for an effective and efficient programme to cut down losses to tolerable levels. The paper also suggested a proper linkage between the storage Research Institute and the farmers through an integrated extension service for adoption of new storage techniques so far developed and yet to be devised.

The three foddercereals examined (Zea mays, Pennisetum typhoides, Sorghum vulgare) crops were generally low in protein and mineral contents and were found to be lower in nutritive value than the legume Arachis hypogea analysed. Fodder quality was higher during the wet season. Crude protein, phosphorus and micro-nutrients (Zn and Cu) contents were generally below the recommended critical levels for livestock production in the tropics. However, K, Mg and Ca contents were generally adequate, especially in the wet season. Species, season and location were important factors in quality and mineral composition. Provision of sait licks containing micro-nutrients is recommended in this zone.

The article examines public commentary on the Qur'an delivered by Algerian Ibâḍî reformist leader Shaykh Ibrâhîm b. 'Umar Bayyûḍ during the mid-to-late 20th century. Particular focus is given to a comparison between Bayyûḍ's commentary, that of his predecessor Muḥammad b. Yûsuf Aṭfiyyash, and the Sunni reformist text "Tafsîr al-Manâr" by Muḥammad 'Abduh and Rashîd Riḍâ. According to the authors, Bayyûḍ's commentary is similar to the Sunni text in its promotion of Islamic unity. It is suggested that Bayyûḍ's commentary remained within the bounds of Ibâḍî doctrine and characterized modern ideas as a threat to Islam.

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