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Large carnivores are capable of consuming substantial biomasses that can significantly alter their body mass and condition over short periods. Here we examine the intra-seasonal variation of polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) body mass, energy intake, and condition in the spring from two subpopulations. We evaluate the biological and temporal factors that may have driven changes in body mass of 31 individuals captured and recaptured over 2–39 days and assess whether these changes influenced their estimated condition. Body mass changed by –61 to 33 kg ([Formula: see text] = –2 kg) with bears exhibiting increases in mass with increasing age and decreases with greater initial mass. On average, estimated intake was 57 MJ/day. Estimated daily mass-specific body mass changes exhibited greater variation relative to previous measures in polar bears or brown bears (U. arctos Linnaeus, 1758). Yet, across all bears, measures of condition remained similar between captures. The marked variation in mass gains or losses highlights the varying behavioral and physiological limitations that influence foraging success within this apex carnivore during a season when two key life history events converge wherein feeding is often reduced during mating activities despite the importance of the spring hyperphagia period to long-term energy balance.

Around 1900, some followers of the German Lebensreform migrated to the south in search of a more favourable climate. These experiences were discussed in reformed journals, including the organ of the German Association for Vegetarian Life, the Vegetarische Warte. While some founded settlements in the tropics, others strongly criticised these utopian experiments. The approximately forty letters and articles analysed, published between 1900 and 1928, reveal two fundamental aspects of the relationship to space in this structuring group of the Lebensreform movement. On the one hand, spatial fantasies, fictions constructed to meet the expectations of the reformers, are severely tested by reality. On the other hand, the discussions reveal a problematisation of the space of the Heimat and its task, which reveals a world view shaped by nationalism and racism.

During aerial surveys, we opportunistically located clusters of polar bear (Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) earth dens on and near the Seal and Caribou Rivers in Northern Manitoba in 2011, 2022, and 2023. Polar bear denning has not been documented in the published literature there before, but there is local knowledge of denning in this area. These dens are of two different types (shallow dens and pits), with similar characteristics to those in the Western Hudson Bay polar bear subpopulation’s main denning area, 120 km farther south. It is not possible to determine whether these findings represent a northward extension of denning by this subpopulation but changes in den distribution, particularly in such previously overlooked areas, need to be monitored and understood to effectively conserve polar bears in a warming climate.

The Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory (CBAWO), Melville Island, Nunavut (74°55′N, 109°34′W) was established in 2003 to examine Arctic ecosystem processes that would be impacted by climate warming and permafrost degradation. This paper provides a synthesis of how remote sensing has contributed to biogeophysical modelling and monitoring at the CBAWO from 2003 to 2023. Given the location and isolated nature of the CBAWO in the Canadian High Arctic, remote sensing data and derivatives have been instrumental for studies examining ecosystem structure and function at local and landscape scales. In combination with field measurements, remote sensing data facilitated mapping and modelling of vegetation types, % vegetation cover and aboveground phytomass, soil moisture, carbon exchange rates, and permafrost degradation and disturbance. It has been demonstrated that even in an environment with limited vegetation cover and phytomass, spectral vegetation indices (e.g., the normalized difference vegetation index) are able to model various biogeophysical variables. These applications are feasible for research sites such as the CBAWO using high spatial resolution remote sensing data across the visible, infrared, and microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Furthermore, as the satellite record continues to expand, we will gain a greater understanding of the impacts arising from the expected continued warming at northern latitudes. Although the logistics for research in the Arctic remain challenging, today's technologies (e.g., high spatial resolution satellite remote sensing, automated in situ sensors and data loggers, and wireless communication systems) can support a host of scientific endeavours in the Arctic (and other remote sites) through modelling and monitoring of biogeophysical variables and Earth surface processes with limited but critical field campaigns. The research synthesized here for the CBAWO highlights the essential role of remote sensing of terrestrial ecosystems in the Canadian Arctic.

ABSTRACTBackground Pain can influence an individual’s choice to pursue medical assistance in dying (MAiD) and may also influence how family members experience that decision. Family conflict or discordance surrounding a loved one’s MAiD decision can cause unique challenges affecting grief and bereavement, including disenfranchised grief. There is limited knowledge of how individuals with complex MAiD bereavement experiences describe the role of physical and emotional pain in their bereavement stories.Aims This article explores the role of physical and emotional pain in the stories of family members with complex MAiD bereavement and identifies opportunities to improve care for individuals and families experiencing disagreement around MAiD.Methods We conducted qualitative interviews and utilized a narrative and ethics of care approach to analyze the data.Results We conducted N = 12 narrative interviews with participants in three provinces: Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta. Descriptions of physical pain were used to justify the morality, or immorality, of MAiD in the context of patient suffering. Emotional pain described experiences where participants’ feelings about MAiD went unacknowledged by their family or friends, institutions, and sociopolitical environments. We conceptualize this unacknowledged emotional pain as disenfranchised grief and make recommendations to improve care for individuals experiencing complex MAiD bereavement.Conclusions Experiences of physical and emotional pain leave a lasting impact on family members with complex MAiD bereavement. Health care professionals should continue to improve care for family members following MAiD, especially where there is disagreement or family conflict.

Le Centre de collaboration nationale de la santé autochtone (CCNSA) est unique parmi les centres de collaboration nationale, car il est le seul centre axé sur la santé d’une population. Dans ce cinquième article de la série du Relevé des maladies transmissibles au Canada sur les Centres de collaboration nationale et leur contribution à la réaction de la santé publique du Canada à la pandémie de maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), nous décrivons le travail du CCNSA. Nous commençons par un aperçu du mandat et des domaines prioritaires du CCNSA, en décrivant son mode de fonctionnement, les personnes qu’il sert et la manière dont il est resté souple et s’est adapté à l’évolution des besoins en matière de santé publique autochtone. Les principales activités d’application et d’échange de connaissances entreprises par le CCNSA pour lutter contre la désinformation liée à la COVID-19 et pour favoriser l’utilisation opportune des données et des connaissances autochtones dans la prise de décisions en matière de santé publique pendant la pandémie sont également abordées, en mettant l’accent sur l’application des leçons apprises à l’avenir.

The National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health (NCCIH) is unique among the National Collaborating Centres as the only centre focused on the health of a population. In this fifth article of the Canada Communicable Disease Report’s series on the National Collaborating Centres and their contribution to Canada’s public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we describe the work of the NCCIH. We begin with a brief overview of the NCCIH’s mandate and priority areas, describing how it works, who it serves and how it has remained flexible and responsive to evolving Indigenous public health needs. Key knowledge translation and exchange activities undertaken by the NCCIH to address COVID-19 misinformation and to support the timely use of Indigenous-informed evidence and knowledge in public health decision-making during the pandemic are also discussed, with a focus on acting on lessons learned moving forward.

Background: While many Area of Focused Competency (AFC) Diplomas are available to those who have completed Pediatric residency training, it is not known which competencies are enhanced within each AFC discipline. Our objective was to determine which CanMEDS roles were targeted by existing AFCs available to those who have completed Pediatric residency training and identify gaps within CanMEDs roles that may be fulfilled by the development of new AFCs. Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken using document analysis methodology to compare CanMEDS competencies across AFCs available to those with Royal College examination eligibility or certification in Pediatrics. RCPSC Competency Training Requirements documents were used to compare and contrast the competencies in each AFC with competencies established in Pediatric residency training. Key and Enabling Competencies were compared for each CanMEDS role to identify differences. Results: Ten AFCs were identified with eligibility requirements including Royal College examination eligibility or certification in Pediatrics. All 10 AFCs included at least one new Medical Expert competency, for a total of 42 unique competencies in this role across all AFCs. The Scholar role had only 10 new competencies across seven AFCs, while only one AFC added a single unique competency in the Collaborator role. Conclusions: The majority of new competencies contributed by AFCs lie within the CanMEDS role of Medical Expert. The Scholar and Collaborator roles have the least differences when comparing competencies of existing AFCs to those competencies established in Pediatric residency training. Developing additional AFCs that offer advanced skills in these roles may help close this gap within the discipline of Pediatrics.

This article explores the potentialities of telework, a topic with rich in scientific literature since the 1980s, which is being updated with its forced generalisation in response to the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. This study analyses the impact of telework on population movements in the singular context of the first lockdown in France (from 17 March to 10 May 2020). Our results highlight that (i) people with a teleworking habit did not increase their change of residency before the lockdown in comparison to people without this habit; (ii) when they moved, a qualitative difference could be observed during the two groups; (iii) if the telework habit contribute to protect people about their occupations, they not necessarily enjoyed more this period than people without teleworking habit. In conclusion, this work aims to contribute to the ongoing reflections on the spatial consequences and the reorganisation of territories, which constitutes a major challenge for political and economic decision-makers.

Background: Workplace-based assessment (WBA) is a critical component of competency-based medical education (CBME), though literature on WBA for overnight call is limited. We evaluated a WBA tool completed by supervising subspecialty trainees on paediatric residents during subspecialty overnight call, for usefulness facilitating feedback/coaching in this setting. Methods: Web-based surveys were sent to residents pre- and post-WBA tool implementation monthly for four months (August-December 2018), exploring feedback frequency, Likert-scaled opinions of tool feasibility/usefulness facilitating feedback, and qualitative experiences. Assessor comments were categorized as actionable/non-actionable. Quantitative data was summarized using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was coded to identify themes. Results: Total response rates averaged 41% (total 25 responses, average five respondents/12 residents on-call each month). Post-implementation (n = 16 responses), a non-sustained trend of increased Medical Expert feedback was observed. Residents were generally divided or disagreed on tool usefulness facilitating feedback and feasibility. Comments contained actionable feedback in < 10% of completed WBAs. Qualitative analysis revealed barriers to tool-facilitated coaching including: feedback quality and setting/environment, role of senior near-peer as assessor, interpersonal burden in encounters, and tool-specific issues. Conclusions: Increasing frequency of WBA tool completion is not sufficient to achieve CBME goals. Factors impacting feedback/coaching within the resident/near-peer dyad must be addressed.

Pompey the Great’s 63 BCE conquest of the Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonean State has traditionally been viewed as an inevitable event since the Roman Republic had long desired to annex the Middle Eastern nations. The prevailing consensus is that the Romans captured the Hasmonean state, removed its high-priest kings from power, and made its territory part of the Republic merely through military force. However, Justin’s Epitome of the Philippic Histories of Pompeius Trogus is a neglected source of new information for understanding relations between the Romans and the Jews at this time. Trogus’s brief account of this period alludes to a more specific reason, or at least, circumstance for Pompey’s conquest of Judea. His work contains evidence that the Jews were involved in piracy, of the type the Republic had commissioned Pompey to eradicate. In addition to this activity that adversely affected Roman commercial interests in the Mediterranean, the Jews were also involved with the Seleucid Empire and the Nabatean Arabs, both of whom had dealings with the Parthians. Piracy, coupled with Rome’s antagonism towards the Parthians, negatively impacted the Republic’s attitude towards the Jews. Considering the evidence from Trogus, Roman fears of Jewish piracy and Jewish links to the Republic’s Parthian enemies were not unfounded.

Background: The CanMEDS physician competency framework will be updated in 2025. The revision occurs during a time of disruption and transformation to society, healthcare, and medical education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and growing acknowledgement of the impacts of colonialism, systemic discrimination, climate change, and emerging technologies on healthcare and training. To inform this revision, we sought to identify emerging concepts in the literature related to physician competencies. Methods: Emerging concepts were defined as ideas discussed in the literature related to the roles and competencies of physicians that are absent or underrepresented in the 2015 CanMEDS framework. We conducted a literature scan, title and abstract review, and thematic analysis to identify emerging concepts. Metadata for all articles published in five medical education journals between October 1, 2018 and October 1, 2021 were extracted. Fifteen authors performed a title and abstract review to identify and label underrepresented concepts. Two authors thematically analyzed the results to identify emerging concepts. A member check was conducted. Results: 1017 of 4973 (20.5%) of the included articles discussed an emerging concept. The thematic analysis identified ten themes: Equity, Diversity, Inclusion, and Social Justice; Anti-racism; Physician Humanity; Data-Informed Medicine; Complex Adaptive Systems; Clinical Learning Environment; Virtual Care; Clinical Reasoning; Adaptive Expertise; and Planetary Health. All themes were endorsed by the authorship team as emerging concepts. Conclusion: This literature scan identified ten emerging concepts to inform the 2025 revision of the CanMEDS physician competency framework. Open publication of this work will promote greater transparency in the revision process and support an ongoing dialogue on physician competence. Writing groups have been recruited to elaborate on each of the emerging concepts and how they could be further incorporated into CanMEDS 2025.

RésuméDepuis décembre 2019, on assiste à une explosion mondiale de la recherche sur la COVID-19. Au Canada, les six Centres de collaboration nationale (CCN) en santé publique constituent l’un des piliers de la prise de décisions informées par les données probantes, car ils recueillent, résument et traduisent les connaissances émergentes. Financés par l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada et répartis sur le territoire, ils favorisent et soutiennent l’utilisation des résultats de la recherche scientifique et d’autres connaissances pour renforcer les pratiques, les programmes et les politiques en santé publique. Cet article fournit un aperçu de la manière dont les CCN participent à la mobilisation des connaissances en santé publique au Canada, met en évidence leur contribution à la lutte contre la COVID-19 et décrit les nombreuses difficultés rencontrées.

AbstractSince December 2019, there has been a global explosion of research on COVID-19. In Canada, the six National Collaborating Centres (NCCs) for Public Health form one of the central pillars supporting evidence-informed decision making by gathering, synthesizing and translating emerging findings. Funded by the Public Health Agency of Canada and located across Canada, the six NCCs promote and support the use of scientific research and other knowledges to strengthen public health practice, programs and policies. This paper offers an overview of the NCCs as an example of public health knowledge mobilization in Canada and showcases the NCCs’ contribution to the COVID-19 response while reflecting on the numerous challenges encountered.

Changes in vegetation have been observed in areas of the Arctic due to changing climate. This study examines a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series (2004–2018) of high spatial resolution satellite data (i.e., IKONOS, WorldView-2, WorldView-3) to determine if vegetation abundance has changed over the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory, Melville Island, Nunavut. Image data were corrected to top-of-atmosphere reflectance and normalized for time series analysis using the pseudo-invariant feature (PIF) method. Percent vegetation cover measurements and indices derived from local climate data (growing degree days base 5 °C; GDD5) were used to contextualize NDVI trends in different vegetation types and within active layer detachments (ALDs). NDVI showed similar patterns within the different vegetation types and across the ALDs. There was no significant change in NDVI nor in GDD5 over time. However, there were statistically significant (p

In this essay, we theorize the differences and similarities between rhetorical and cultural geographic approaches to the study of one example of a memory place: museums. We use two major museum research studies to illustrate the findings. We argue that the relationship between memory and place render one major difference between these approaches: vertical versus horizontal readings. We refer to reading as the range of practices employed when studying places. Vertical reading comes mainly from the rhetoricians’ emphasis on hierarchy of meaning and horizontal reading comes mainly from geographers’ emphasis on representation and flexibility. Despite these differences, the disciplines share important similarities with respect to conceptualization and approach; both maintain that places are selective, contextual, and constitutive of identity. Studying museums as places requires both approaches, as we must attend to both how places are made (geographical) and what they do (rhetorical).

En analysant 52 comptes Instagram, français et allemands, et les blogs qui y sont rattachés, cet article cherche à proposer une définition des publications dédiées à la vie saine sur les réseaux sociaux numériques (healthy living blogs). L’étude pose également la question des différences locales qui peuvent apparaître dans les manifestations de la tendance green.

The National Collaborating Centres for Public Health (NCCPH) collaborated on the development of an action framework for integrating equity into population health status reporting. This framework integrates the research literature with on-the-ground experience collected using a unique collaborative learning approach with public health practitioners from across Canada. This article introduces the Action Framework, describes the learning process, and then situates population health status reporting (PHSR) in the current work of the public health sector. This is followed by a discussion of the nature of evidence related to the social determinants of health as a key aspect of deciding what and how to report. Finally, the connection is made between data and implementation by exploring the concept of actionable information and detailing the Action Framework for equity-integrated population health status reporting. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of putting knowledge mobilization at the core of the PHSR process and makes suggestions for next steps. The purpose of the article is to encourage practitioners to use, discuss, and ultimately strengthen the framework.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy / Journal Canadien de la Pharmacie Hospitalière is the property of Canadian Society of Hospital Pharmacists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Les centres de collaboration nationale en santé publique (CCNSP) ont collaboré à l’élaboration d’un cadre d’action visant à intégrer la notion d’équité dans les rapports sur l’état de santé des populations (RESP). Ce cadre d’action rassemble les comptes rendus de recherche et une expérience de terrain fondée sur une approche originale d’apprentissage collaboratif faisant appel aux praticiens en santé publique du Canada. Dans cet article, nous présentons le cadre d’action, nous décrivons le processus d’apprentissage et nous situons les RESP au sein des travaux en cours dans le secteur de la santé publique. Nous analysons ensuite la nature des données probantes sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé à titre de dimension clé pour déterminer sur quoi portent les rapports et comment ces données y sont intégrées. Enfin, nous établissons le lien entre les données et la mise en oeuvre en explorant le concept de renseignements exploitables et en détaillant le cadre d’action visant à intégrer la notion d’équité dans les RESP. Nous concluons sur l’importance de placer la mobilisation du savoir au coeur du processus d’élaboration des RESP et nous apportons des suggestions pour les prochaines étapes. Notre objectif est d’encourager les praticiens à utiliser le cadre d’action, à en discuter et, ultimement, à le renforcer.

The microstructure of Ti-64 strongly affects the forming and in-service behaviour of aerospace components. The development of microstructure, including crystallographic texture, during thermomechanical processing involves changes caused by deformation, annealing and phase transformation. Recently, it has been reported that deformation and transformation occur concurrently, in a dynamic α → β transformation process, driven by the net flow softening it produces. Here, we present the results of an in-situ synchrotron diffraction experiment that aimed to detect and measure the extent of dynamic phase transformation during hot deformation and its contribution to the crystallographic texture of the alloy. Forged Ti-64 samples were deformed in uniaxial tension at 950°C and a strain rate of about 0.02 s-1, using an electro-thermal mechanical tester (ETMT) mounted on the I12: JEEP beamline at Diamond Light Source. By using a high energy 89 keV synchrotron X-ray beam and a fast acquisition rate (10 Hz) we were able to measure, during deformation, the internal elastic lattice strains in the two phases, the crystallographic texture of both phases and the α → β phase fraction. The results show, for the first time, direct evidence of dynamic transformation during isothermal hot deformation.

Near-α Ti-alloys such as TIMETAL® 834 are known for their superior mechanical properties at high temperature, and as such are found in applications where high strength and improved fatigue performance at elevated temperatures (>450°C) are required. However, these alloys can be susceptible to cold-dwell fatigue; a failure mechanism that is not well understood. The present work investigates the strain localisation behaviour during cold creep and the implications it has in terms of dwell susceptibility for two different bi-modal microstructures. Slip traces and strain distributions have been analysed for different material conditions by employing High-Resolution Digital Image Correlation (HRDIC) in combination with orientation mapping. Using this approach, it was possible to distinguish deformation patterns in primary α grains and transformed-β colonies, loaded incrementally to stress levels of 70%, 80% and 90% of the yield stress. Different prior β-grain morphologies didn’t affect the average strains when stresses are low; but strain distributions have been affected by the β-grain morphology. Material with coarse transformation product accumulated larger amounts of plastic strain compared to material with fine transformation product, at the same relative stress levels. At low stress levels, slip bands have been detected both in primary α, as well in the transformed-β phase, cutting through the lamellae, for the material condition with a coarse transformation product; on the other hand, for the material conditions with a fine transformation product, slip bands are localised only in primary α grains at low stress levels. It was also found for both conditions that at low stress levels slip bands are found in grains that are well oriented for basal slip. Based on these observations it is discussed if b-ligaments are significant obstacles to dislocation movement. Finally, the requirement of crystal-plasticity modelling to take into account differences in crystallographic orientations and the elastic and plastic anisotropy of HCP-titanium will be discussed and considered.

This article presents theory and research on the scientific study of emotion that emphasizes the importance of coherence as an optimal psychophysiological state. A dynamic systems view of the interrelations between psychological, cognitive and emotional systems and neural communication networks in the human organism provides a foundation for the view presented. These communication networks are examined from an information processing perspective and reveal a fundamental order in heart-brain interactions and a harmonious synchronization of physiological systems associated with positive emotions. The concept of coherence is drawn on to understand optimal functioning which is naturally reflected in the heart’s rhythmic patterns. Research is presented identifying various psychophysiological states linked to these patterns, with neurocardiological coherence emerging as having significant impacts on well being. These include psychophysiological as well as improved cognitive performance. From this, the central role of the heart is explored in terms of biochemical, biophysical and energetic interactions. Appendices provide further details and research on; psychophysiological functioning, reference previous research in this area, details on research linking coherence with optimal cognitive performance, heart brain synchronization and the energetic signature of the various psychophysiological modes.

This article presents theory and research on the scientific study of emotion thatemphasizes the importance of coherence as an optimal psychophysiological state. Adynamic systems view of the interrelations between psychological, cognitive andemotional systems and neural communication networks in the human organism providesa foundation for the view presented. These communication networks are examined froman information processing perspective and reveal a fundamental order in heart-braininteractions and a harmonious synchronization of physiological systems associated withpositive emotions. The concept of coherence is drawn on to understand optimalfunctioning which is naturally reflected in the heart’s rhythmic patterns. Research ispresented identifying various psychophysiological states linked to these patterns, withneurocardiological coherence emerging as having significant impacts on well being.These include psychophysiological as well as improved cognitive performance. Fromthis, the central role of the heart is explored in terms of biochemical, biophysical andenergetic interactions. Appendices provide further details and research on;psychophysiological functioning, reference previous research in this area, details onresearch linking coherence with optimal cognitive performance, heart brainsynchronization and the energetic signature of the various psychophysiological modes.

The home is not only a place of physical refuge from the elements and unwanted intruders. It is also a refuge from unwanted sound, a place where we can enjoy calm spaces that permit quiet reflection. Our homes, as discrete and personally modifiable micro-soundscapes, offer a kind of environmental nourishment to us as social beings. Noise in the home – from neighbours, roads, airports, air conditioners, parties – unsettles our sense of control, autonomy and authorship over what is our primary territorial domain.