Search

Copyright of Fabula - LhT is the property of Fabula and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ruth Pakaluk converted to Catholicism shortly after graduating from Harvard University. Several years later, both she and her husband joined Opus Dei. Ruth poured her extraordinary talent into caring for her large family, personal apostolate, and working to improve society through pro-life activism and support of anti-hunger programs and other social causes. She died of cancer at 41 years of age.

Copyright of Lengas is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lengas is the property of Presses Universitaires de la Mediterranee and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article investigates changes undergoing in the relations between urbanism and agriculture in the particular frame of urban development projects – a collective process that materialises into new urban areas – and in a context of increasing public interest about food system relocation, urged by civil society mouvements. Through the case of the activist project “CARMA”, on the Triangle de Gonesse, the paper reveals the tensions and hybridisations that result from a decade of controversy centered on the place of agriculture in urban production. Hybridisations involve mental frameworks about the future of both food systems and urbanism in a context of ecological crisis, urban stakeholders and professional practices and, eventually, urban morphology. They also caracterise the strategies underlying the relations between activists and institutional players, which range from confrontation to interpellation and negociation. These hybridisations should not, though, hide the persistence of a “developer ethos” that still does not look at agriculture in equal terms with a territorial development based on urbanisation.

Today recognized with embarrassment by sports institutions, intersex and trans-identity would fundamentally call into question a basic principle of competition according to which the gender bicameralization would guarantee equity, especially for the women category. From both a scientific and a sociocultural point of view, the management of gender identity by sports authorities is very insufficient. The recent and publicized cases of trans or intersex women excluded from competitions shake up the hitherto inflexible logic of sexual duality and renew the controversy. Because they are the first victims of the mechanisms for maintaining the system of gender bicategorization in sport, some intersex and trans athletes create a counter-discourse to the hegemonic one of equity. In the 1970s and 1980s, the exclusion of certain athletes led them to use the reasoning of institutions on the supposed «natural» physical inferiority of women to be rehabilitated. In the 2010s, a more assertive form of activism emerged with the mobilization of legal tools from athletes challenging the rules of federations restricting their participation, in particular the maximum testosterone levels imposed in the women’s category.

This article analyzes Hay Baykar (“Armenian Struggle”), an Armenian leftist periodical, first published in France in the 1970s, from a dual theoretical perspective: social history (here of the Armenian diaspora) and social movements (here of post-’68 mobilizations, according to the latest historiography). The article proposes to read this protest paper as an archetype of connected history. On the one hand, Hay Baykar possesses many typical features of French far-left enteprises – notably high cultural potential participants. On the other hand, Hay Baykar interconnects aspects of the endogenous heritage of the Armenian struggle with the exogenous experience of international radicalism, especially by reappropriating Marxism and Third-Worldism. Piecing together the diasporic, national, local aspects, this diachronic study of Hay Baykar unveils a periodization of the underlying Armenian Liberation movement and therefore reflects on the multiple temporalities that nurture diasporas.

The online following of conspiracy theory believers known as QAnon has recently come into focus of U.S. government agencies and terrorism scholars, raising questions about the risk of violence it poses. To address these questions, as well as to triangulate existing research on QAnon’s threat, the present study compared survey responses about actual radical intention and activist intention scores of QAnon supporters (n = 113) and non-QAnon participants (n = 287), relative to QAnon’s radicalization as perceived by non-QAnon participants. Actual radical intention scores for QAnon supporters were significantly lower than the perceptions of QAnon radical intentions, and were not significantly different than the actual radical intention scores for non-QAnon participants. Activist intention scores were lowest among QAnon supporters, followed by non-QAnon supporters, and then by perceptions of QAnon activist intentions. The implications of the results for public policy are discussed.

The purpose of this paper is the recent process of youth politicization of the self-convened children (LPA) in a rural territory within the framework of the socio-environmental struggle. Specifically, the department of San Carlos in the province of Mendoza (in the Uco Valley) where almost two decades of struggle and resistance against polluting mega-mining have been taking place there, using Provincial Law 7722 as a legal shield. The law, threatened since its enactment, brings together the great Assembly for Pure Water (AMPAP) supported by various social organizations "united for water". We will deal with LPA as an autonomous group and generator of claims that come to renew the field of socio-environmental activism, specifically feminism and a new debate on natural commons. This is an exploratory work, carried out in a pandemic, with a qualitative design, which is part of youth studies, also rural and with contributions from political ecology. We will analyze central aspects of the politicization process, mainly its deployment until its advance in the local government of San Carlos with the achievement of the creation of an Environmental Observatory in 2021, a pioneering experience in Mendoza.

This paper presents a sociological and legal analysis of a mode of action – municipal regulations promulgation – within a legal repertoire of action employed by opponents to Vaca Muerta’s unconventional hydrocarbon formation exploitation using the technology known as hydraulic fracturing (fracking). The inductive approach favoured here (textual analysis and comparison of the ordinances, information collection through semi-structured interviews) seeks to demonstrate that the choice of such a mode of action responds, on the one hand, to structural constraints of a political-legal nature and, on the other, reflects an attempt to foster a biocentric turn that is rooted in reflexive activist practices.

This article intends to explore the reciprocal influence between History and TV series through a close reading of When We Rise (ABC, 2017), a mini-series which deals with fifty years of LGBTQ activism in the United States. It aims to show that the series goes beyond a mere representation of the unknown – if not untold – history of the struggle for LGBTQ rights, in the way it questions the neutrality of the historian, the credibility of his or her sources, and the validity of interpretations based on archives that are always incomplete. As such, When We Rise presents itself as an alternative, queer history made by and for those who lived through it, displaying an acute awareness of the struggles yet to come.

• The use of nature-based solutions in the promotion of the environmental citizenship. • Nature-based solutions as a valuable resource towards empowerment for action. Purpose: The study aims to assess the implementation of an intervention program that combines nature-based solutions with an environmental citizenship pedagogical approach for pre-service teachers. The research questions revolve around the educational potentials and challenges of this intervention. To our knowledge, no previous studies resorted to this combination to organize courses for initial teacher training. Design/methodology/approach: For this qualitative and interpretative case study, data was obtained through focus groups. 30 pre-service teachers of the Basic Education Course (training kindergarten and primary school teachers) in Portugal participated in the intervention. The transcripts of the focus groups’ content were subjected to categorical qualitative content analysis. Findings: According to the participants, the implemented approach contributed to the development of a better understanding of the complexity of the environmental issues addressed, and of critical thinking skills. The pre-service teachers recognized the educational potential of nature-based solutions in the promotion of their environmental citizenship and activist competences and of the pedagogical knowledge necessary for its implementation.

In 1929, the International Federation of Women Judges and Lawyers became an affiliated organization eligible to lobby delegates at the League of Nations. This transnational legal sorority was dedicated to universal legal reform to address the fundamental problem of sex inequality under the law. The female jurists were part of an interwoven transnational movement seeking to establish a feminist jurisprudence based on equity. Despite global vicissitudes of the interwar era, they called upon the authority of the state and international law to protect the vulnerable, ameliorate suffering, and institute equity.

Public policies regarding copyright and related rights affect a varied range of stakeholders with different views about intellectual property. The research literature mentions frequently two coalitions: one defending broader access to works and another focusing on the enforcement of intellectual property. Nonetheless, the reality is more complex than this division as both coalitions are heterogeneous. Users, authors, record labels, and digital services have often dissonant views and different opportunities in influencing government decision-making. This paper aims at bringing reflections upon the political mobilization of members from creative industries, as well as the power they hold in the debates about copyright law in Brazil. The goal is to identify the coalitions in this field, their political stances, and their opportunities to influence public decisions. Besides discussing the philosophy of intellectual property, I approach political theories related to lobbying and interest groups, with a focus on its impacts on democracy. The methodology refers to a case study in which I employed research techniques such as document research and discourse analysis. Through an analysis of speeches at the chamber of deputies, I identified the main groups and coalitions and the stances they defended. Then, I compared the claims they presented during public hearings to political outcomes. The goal is to analyze the stances or perspectives adopted by the members of parliament. Interviews with key stakeholders complemented this analysis. I discuss the relations between these agents and the State to evaluate which groups had more success in persuading government decisions. I argue that copyright and related rights are part of a field in which there are several political disputes, although some lawyers may insist that intellectual property is a "technical subject". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the language used by French engineers involved in militant organisations to express the ecological cause. While the delimitation of the problem taken up is part of a diagnosis shaped by the authorities and scientific cause builders, the explanation of the causal chains of responsibility and the claims in terms of carbon frugality give rise to interpretative divergences shared between a technical vision presented as disencumbered from the social space and a critical political apprehension of social and economic structures. The interest in the circulation of language allows us to highlight a process of politicisation at work in the militant formulations. This process is established according to two distinct modalities, depending on the one hand on the perception schemes integrated during the primary socialization and on the other hand on the biographical experience of ordeals generating phases of latency.

Purpose: The essay wonders about forms and ways of participation in the public sphere of adolescents. The investigated practices include individual and collective participation in different contexts (in the community, at school, among peers), in physical or web presence. Design/ methodology/ approach: A web survey was carried out involving about 1,300 adolescents (14-17 years old) in five Italian urban contexts, different in size and geographical location. Findings: Cognitive and actionable findings regarding adolescents’ participation. Research limitations/ implications: Self-completed questionnaire, involvement of adolescents not attending project partner schools, not statistically representative samples but good enough for our particular purpose. Practical implications: Empirical evidence a) provide deep knowledge of adolescents, b) identify constructive approaches to promote participatory skills and full and conscious involvement in community life, c) are useful for local project partners and other operators involved in adolescents’ education promoting community-based interventions for well-being and preventing the disadvantaged situation in young people, and d) will represent the basis of local research training workshops.

Copyright of Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During an interview, three sex workers discuss the different ways of describing prostitution with Tracés. What words and expressions do they use to name themselves and their activity? With what effects and in what situations? After having raised the limits of a strategic stigma change through the self-designation as “whore”, they point to the ambivalence of the expression “sex work” which seems to be becoming institutionalised and euphemistic. They then discuss the issues related to outing (revealing their activity) and talk about the handling of terms used when dealing with their clients. Finally, looking back at the category of “sexual accompaniment”, they highlight the hypocrisy of the expression.

This paper aims to analyze the political stakes of media coverage in the relationship between the Chinese state and anti-Islam activism. A corpus of more than 210,000 media and user data (posts, reposts, comments, etc.) has been built from Weibo based on two events: the Kunming train station attack in China in 2014 and the Paris attacks in 2015. This work identifies, through an analysis of media content and users, the main composition of anti-Islam activism, the state's strategy of ambiguity to this activism and a less censored space of debate constructed communicatively in the process of mediatization of Islamophobia.

This contribution deals with the evolution of women's mobilization forms and digital activism in Tunisia and Morocco and their media coverage. The objective is to observe and describe the main demand topics for more individual freedoms and women's rights carried by citizen and activist actors in the Tunisian and Moroccan digital space. The study focuses on a double corpus resulting from a regular monitoring of Facebook pages, Twitter accounts as well as the Youtube platform. This analysis allowed us to point out the new forms of engagement allowed by digital media and to show the emergence, in these countries, of a new activism from below that is complementary but autonomous from classical activism.

In the context of the referendum in New Caledonia under the Nouméa Accords, the representatives and leaders of the pro-independence parties are dealing with both field activism and that of the television platforms and social networks. However, in the context of New Caledonia's digital transition, the differences in technological equipment and socio-economic inequalities lead to power relationships between independentists and non-independents according to the appropriation of digital technology by the militants. The analysis of the digital communication on Facebook of the political parties, the week before the 2020 referendum, shows an increase in digital interactions among independentists since 2018 on the one hand, and a discourse with cultural and religious attributes on the other hand, where the "self" is erased in favour of the community belonging. This study thus examines the potential of Facebook to correlate on-line expression with militant expression on the terrain, reinforcing the visibility of the pro-independence community collective with the constraints of accessibility to digital equipment and visibility of this group in the traditional media space.

A growing and significant research literature utilizes feminist frameworks to study relationships with food from a variety of vantage points. In this article, we are especially interested in feminist food sovereignty, feminist political ecology, and feminist theories of care, both because caring labor has been historically undervalued in food systems and because neoliberal modes of commodification and marketization have interpellated activists, scholar-activists, and activist-scholars into new ways of self-care and caring for others. To begin, we provide a brief overview of the places where we work, including the city of Pomona, the Pomona Valley Certified Farmers Market, and the Pomona Community Farmer Alliance (PCFA), a community organization and local activist collective. We then draw on nearly three years of participatory ethnographic work in this community to explore and theorize care work in local food systems activism. Our conceptual framework, framed by feminist food studies and theories of care, illuminates how PCFA members conceive of their own caring work in practice, as well as how they negotiate the complexities of caring for others and self, while being left by the state to do this work. We also explore how activists’ care practices sometimes lay bare structural inequalities and the failure of the state, while also reinforcing and challenging neoliberal ideologies embedded in volunteerism. To conclude, we discuss the gendered implications of our work for food systems research, specifically considering the complementarity of Progressive and Radical approaches to food systems transformation.

Copyright of Annales Historiques de la Révolution Française is the property of Librairie Armand Colin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we investigate the emergence of modern environmentalism in the Kurdistan Region (Iraq), a de facto state in which ecological well-being is under serious strain. Social mobilizations in the Middle East have been depicted as confrontational and opposing the authorities. Studies of environmental activism in the region have also highlighted conflictual relations between social actors and the holders of power. In this article, we stress the need to expand the research scope to closely examine other forms of actions and strategies in relation to ecological threats and climate change. Drawing upon field research and interviews in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, we analyze the (geo)politics, economic systems and social change which together affect nature, natural resources, landscapes and climate, as well as the patterns of Kurdish contestation in these areas. We term the typical practices of the new phenomenon of Kurdish environmental activism as 'dutiful' form of dissent, which can be explained by contextualizing activism. It is grounded in political ecology and activists' efforts are directed at state building and policymaking in a post-conflict state.

This Perspective sheds light on the major barriers behind Asian American invisibility in bioethics, such as the inconsistencies in defining a coherent identity in North American society, the systemic mechanisms of invisibility from history to healthcare based on immigration status, and scarcity of bioethics literature about their perspectives. The consequences of Asian American invisibility in bioethics and healthcare practises are also discussed, including a reflection of the interconnected mechanisms between academic bioethical theory and healthcare practises that perpetuate Asian American invisibility. Finally, recommendations are provided to begin a critical reflection of bioethical theory with Asian Americans in mind. This serves as the stepping-stone for future discussions on Asian American bioethics, to highlight a missing perspective in North American race-based activism regarding the equity, diversity, and inclusion of an underrepresented demographic.

This article examines the ways in which people supporting exiled persons mobilise and understand the law in Calais and Briançon, two cities that have become, at different times and in different ways, major centres of migration. The first part looks at the ways in which these people understand the law and become, to different degrees and in different ways, intermediaries of the law. The second part uses the concept of “legal consciousness” developed across the Atlantic in the early 1990s to question the way in which the experience of involvement in these border territories has led to a change in their relationship with the law, both as a written norm and in how it is applied by institutions.

In the novel The Darling, published by Russell Banks in 2004, a young American woman, Hannah Musgrave, decides to rebel against her bourgeois upbringing in the 1960s by embracing the radicalism of the Weather Underground. After being accused of terrorism, she has to live under a fake name and she eventually flees the United States to settle in Liberia. This article aims at studying the ways in which Banks draws on his fictional character’s personal experience to question the impact of revolutionary ideals on American society. The protagonist’s multiple identities, which reflect the political upheavals and the inner conflicts of her country, as well as the constant blurring of the boundaries between reality and fiction enable Banks to offer a complex reflection on the building and the staging of American political history in the second half of the twentieth century.

Cet article se focalise sur le modèle d’action sociale partisane expérimenté à Naples au sein de la Maison du peuple, située dans l’ancien hôpital psychiatrique judiciaire de la ville. Ce complexe de 9000 m2 abandonné depuis plusieurs années fut occupé par un collectif de militant·e·s communistes en 2015 dans le but de donner vie à des pratiques sociales, politiques et culturelles à travers le principe d’autogestion. En 2017, le collectif décida de fonder l’organisation politique de gauche radicale Potere al popolo! (Pouvoir au peuple!). La structure fut alors convertie en Maison du peuple, au sein de laquelle les militant·e·s expérimentent désormais un modèle d’action sociale hybride. Afin d’analyser ce modèle, nous proposons le concept d’« action sociale partisane », définie comme une forme d’action collective impliquant la production de pratiques sociales par une organisation politique. Sur le plan empirique, nous présentons l’histoire de ce projet collaboratif et nous faisons état des pratiques organisées par les participant·e·s au sein de cet espace. Aussi, nous analysons les logiques d’action sur lesquelles se fonde le modèle étudié ainsi que leur évolution depuis la fondation de l’organisation politique Potere al popolo!. Enfin, en nous appuyant sur la théorie actionnaliste développée par Alain Touraine, nous interrogeons les effets de l’action sociale partisane au sein de la Maison du peuple de Naples, en ce qui concerne la redéfinition de leur identité culturelle par les acteurs·rice·s impliqué·e·s. En conclusion, nous discutons le rapport entre citoyenneté culturelle et processus de subjectivation.

Copyright of Revue d'Histoire Moderne & Contemporaine is the property of Societe d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the attitude of philosopher, poet, and aesthetician Aleksandr Gorsky to the personality and legacy of A.M. Gorky. It outlines the main directions of Gorky’s perception and interpretation by Gorsky. The article argues that Gorsky highlights vitality and projectivity of Gorky’s creative thinking, and considers him a consistent immortalist. The focus is on Gorsky’s unpublished work “Overcoming Faust” (1939–1940), a typical example of philosophical criticism that uses philological methods of analysis. Gorsky examines Faustianism through the prism of the rejection of individualism, which is specific for Gorky’s work. Considering the desire for knowledge and action as the defining feature of the Faustian consciousness, Gorsky notes that this desire is constrained and limited by the fact of human mortality and the recognition of the omnipotence of nature. The fact that Faustianism does not aim at overcoming death and eventually comes to terms with with it, allows Gorsky to see Faustianism as a bourgeois type of consciousness. Instead, Gorky, by standing against petty-bourgeois passivity in his work, raises the question about the means to overcome death. Gorky’s early fairy tale “The Girl and Death” is interpreted by Gorsky in the context of the development of life-affirming consciousness that overcomes death by the power of love and devotion to the common cause.

Social media and activist sites have provided an avenue to contest the dominant framing of street harassment as ‘trivial’ and have sought to make street harassment and its harms visible. To date, digital activism has been analysed and conceptualised in relation to its potential as a counter-public forum that enables collective action and resistance, political mobilisation, ‘speaking out’ and consciousness raising, and as a site of informal or innovative justice. I aim to build on this literature by examining the potential for the activist sites Hollaback!, @catcallsofnyc and @dearcatcallers to function as a form of ‘counter-mapping’, contributing towards broader social justice efforts to disrupt and transform dominant productions of space/place. I examine the tensions created by these digital practices, particularly with regards to whether they disrupt the production of space/place or, rather, reinforce urban space as a gendered ‘threatscape’. Algunas redes sociales y sitios web de activistas han constituido una vía de contestación al marco dominante que considera el acoso callejero como algo “trivial”; y han procurado visibilizar el acoso callejero y sus perjuicios. Hasta la fecha, se ha analizado y conceptualizado el activismo digital en relación con su potencial como contraforo público que posibilita la acción y resistencia colectivas, la movilización política, “alzar la voz” y concienciar, y como lugar de justicia informal o innovadora. Me propongo contribuir a esta literatura realizando un análisis del potencial de los sitios web activistas Hollaback!, @catcallsofnyc y @dearcatcallers para funcionar como “contraperfilado geográfico”, contribuyendo a ampliar la justicia social y perturbar y transformar producciones dominantes de espacio/lugar. Examino las tensiones creadas por dichas prácticas digitales, sobre todo en torno a la cuestión de si perturban la producción de espacio/lugar o si, más bien, refuerzan el espacio urbano como escenario de amenaza de género. Available from: https://doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1144

For a decade, the exploitation of the Vaca Muerta hydrocarbon formation in Argentina has brought its share of political and economic controversies as well as serious environmental damages. These transformations also have consequences on the sensitive experience of the project’s opponents. This article explores how the opponents to the project try to decipher the atmosphere that radiates from an industrial complex that makes it difficult to distinguish between the underground, the surface, and the surrounding air. It is this subterranean atmosphere that penetrates, swathes, and finally disturbs the worlds of everyday life that activists and inhabitants alike describe in their testimonies and practices. The analysis of these forms of ordinary criticism also makes it possible to highlight the importance of atmosphere when it comes to taking collective action against these extractive industries.

Copyright of Recherches en Sciences de Gestion is the property of ISEOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo is the property of Sur le journalisme, About journalism, Sobre jornalismo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Présence Francophone is the property of College of Holy Cross, Department of Modern Languages & Literatures and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Présence Francophone is the property of College of Holy Cross, Department of Modern Languages & Literatures and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESSACHESS is the property of ESSACHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)