Search

Background: Immuno-allergic dermatoses have been highly increasing for a decade in African settings. They are the first chief complaint of dermatological conditions in Senegal. Our objective was to describe their epidemiological, clinical, and etiological patterns. Methodology: We conducted a looking-forward descriptive study for 1 year ranging from April 2020 to April 2021 in the Dermatology Department of Aristide LeDantec Hospital in Dakar. We recruited both inpatients and outpatients. Results: Among 5633 patients received for consultation, 149 cases were pooled accounting for a prevalence of 2,6%. The mean age was 31,42 years old. Atopic dermatosis was the first immuno-allergic dermatosis representing 66,4%. They were followed by toxidermia in 16,1% of cases, contact dermatitis in 12,75% of cases, and urticaria in 4,69%. For patients with atopic dermatosis, a respiratory prick test was carried out in 14,1% of patients with a positivity in 57,1% of cases. Of the patients with urticaria and/or angioedema, the main triggering factor was drug use in 57,14% of cases. In our study, antibiotics were the first drug-related toxidermia in our patients accounting for 41,7% of cases. They were followed by herbal therapy in 29,2% of cases and paracetamol in 16,7% of cases. Conclusion: To date, immuno-allergic dermatoses constitute the first chief complaint in our structure and are by far dominated by atopic dermatitis. Automedication and herbal therapy are public health concerns. By causing toxidermia, often in their most serious patterns, they can have a vital prone-threat involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory dermatosis, It results from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors that lead to defects in the skin barrier and an inappropriate immunological response. Kaposi varicelliform eruption or eczema herpeticum is a viral infection, caused mainly by reactivation of HSV-1 that affects about 3% of patients with AD. The objective of our study is to identify the characteristics of our atopic patients who developed eczema herpeticum. Material and methods: We conducted a prospective study that collected all cases of Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption in our patients with atopic dermatitis over a period of 2 years. Results: 10 children, with an average age of 26 months and a sex ratio of 0.6. Personal or family history of atopy was reported in 7 patients. As for disease severity, 2 patients had severe AD and the rest had moderate AD. Clinically, an acute presentation of the eruption was found in all our patients with an average of 3 days. A fever was reported in 5 patients associated with irritability. Typical vesicles were found in 8 children, with a herpetiform grouping in 5 children, erosions and crusts were reported in 7 children. All our patients had xerosis, erythematous squamous eczematous plaques were reported in 6 patients. Concerning the location of the lesions, facial involvement was observed in 7 children. Cytodiagnosis of Tzanck was performed in 3 children. We reported the application of a traditional treatment a few days before the onset of the herpetic superinfection in 8 children. We also found associated bacterial superinfection in 6 children. All our patients were hospitalized and received an intravenous treatment. Conclusion: early identification of patients at risk of viral complications would be important to develop effective prevention strategies and to develop new therapeutic options targeting components of the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Based on the analysis of a clinical trial, the authors conduct a short review on the acupuncture treatment of atopic dermatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The role of individual cytokines in the development of various clinical forms of atopic dermatitis (AD) and the effect of cortisol on this process in children have not been sufficiently studied. Objective. To study the nature of cellular and humoral immunity disorders and the content of cytokines and cortisol in children with AD. Methods. The study involved 168 children, aged 1 to 18 years, with AD, in whom their immune status was determined. CD3, CD4, CD8 CD16 CD19 were determined by flow cytofluorometry, the concentration of IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, INF-gamma, and cortisol by the ELISA method. The Excel program, Statistica 6.0 and the on-line SISA calculator were used. Average values are given in the form (M ± m), where M is the average value of the indicator, m is the standard error of the mean; n – the volume of the analyzed group. Results. The total number of leukocytes in children with AD did not exceed the norm, but it was likely to increase in case of a severe course. In all age groups and at varying severity of AD, there was a tendency to lymphocytosis, with severe course of the disease – to neutrophilia (p

Few studies have been devoted to atopic dermatitis in children in sub-Saharan Africa. We therefore make this study in Côte d’Ivoire in order to contribute to a better knowledge of atopic dermatitis in children on black skin. In our study the prevalence was 9.2%. The duration of the disease before the consultation ranged from 3-45 days. Atopic dermatitis occurs more frequently in children from2 to 5 years old. More than half of the patients had a history of atopy and the lesions generally were localized in the folds. 60% of the lesions were dry and were trigged by dust. The pruritus was often insomnia and the scratching leads to hyperpigmentation of the lower eyelid; a characteristic sign on black skin not often reported in the literature.

Copyright of Actualités Pharmaceutiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé En 2002, nous avons décrit une entité clinique nouvelle, le prurigo atopique. Nous en présentons ici trois cas. Ce type de prurigo survient sur terrain atopique. Il touche le corps entier, sauf le visage, sous forme de multiples papulo-vésicules, très prurigineuses et souvent nodulaires. Ces lésions sont groupées principalement dans la zone des ceintures, des poignets et chevilles. Elles peuvent parfois évoluer vers un eczéma nummulaire. Ce prurigo devient souvent chronique, rebelle aux traitements habituels, avec une altération sévère de la qualité de vie. Il est lié à une hypersensibilité de type retardé aux acariens, soit par contact direct, soit par inhalation. Nous utilisons deux types de tests : le patch-test traditionnel et les prick-tests sous occlusion de film transparent, nommés « prick- et patch-tests », plus spécifiques. Lus à 30 minutes, à 48 et 96 heures, ils confirment la prédominance de l’allergie retardée. Une immunothérapie spécifique, basée sur ces critères cliniques et allergologiques, s’est avérée efficace dans les trois cas dès les premiers mois. Nous considérons le prurigo atopique comme une « variante clinique » de dermatite atopique, avec un mécanisme d’hypersensibilité retardée aux acariens. In 2002, we described a new clinical entity: atopic prurigo. We present three cases herein. This type of prurigo is more frequent in atopic subjects. It covers the entire body – though not the face – in the form of multiple vesicular papules that are very itchy and often nodular. These vesicular papules are often grouped in the waist, wrist and ankle regions. The lesions sometimes develop into nummular eczema. The prurigo becomes chronic and resistant to standard treatments, occasionally with severe impairment of patient quality of life. It is related to delayed-type hypersensitivity to house-dust mites, either through direct contact or through inhalation. We used two different types of test: traditional patch-tests and prick-tests under transparent occlusive film, named “prick- and patch-tests” that are more specific. Read at 30 minutes, then 48 and 96 hours respectively, they confirm the presence of a delayed-type allergy. Specific immunotherapy, based on clinical and atopic criteria, proved efficient in all three cases within the first few months. We consider atopic prurigo to be a “clinical form” of atopic dermatitis with delayed hypersensitivity to house-dust mites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La dermatite atopique et le psoriasis possèdent une composante génétique, inflammatoire et prurigineuse. Le stress a un impact négatif sur ces affections. Une approche allopathique est souvent mise en place. Son échec est en général lié à un manque d’observance, une défiance vis-à-vis des dermocorticoïdes, voire une lassitude du patient. Le pharmacien doit apporter des explications concernant les traitements et peut proposer, si besoin, des alternatives. Summary Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis both possess a genetic, inflammatory and pruriginous component. Stress has a negative impact on these conditions. An allopathic approach is often adopted. Its failure is generally linked to a lack of compliance, a distrust of topical steroids, even a certain lassitude on the part of the patient. The pharmacist must explain the treatments provided and can, if necessary, suggest alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Ghana is currently developing its provision of dermatology services. Epidemiologic studies of the skin diseases seen by Ghanaian dermatologists are needed to guide these efforts. We aimed to describe the skin conditions seen by and management practices of Ghanaian dermatologists in a specialized clinic. METHODS: we conducted a chart review of new patients presenting to the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital dermatology clinic during 2014. RESULTS: among the 529 patients studied, 700 discrete diagnoses were made. The most commonly diagnosed skin conditions were infections (24.6%) and dermatitis (24.6%); atopic dermatitis (8.4%), acne vulgaris (5.3%) and scabies (5.1%) were the most common specific diagnoses. Among infants, children, and adolescents, the most common diagnosis was atopic dermatitis (31.7%, 30.0%, and 14.9%, respectively). Acne vulgaris (12.0%) was the most common skin condition diagnosed in young adults. Irritant contact dermatitis (6.9%) was most common among adults. Lichen planus (9.9%) was the most commonly diagnosed skin condition in the senior population. Diagnoses made by dermatologists differed from the referral diagnosis documented by primary care providers for 65.8% of patients. The most frequently recommended treatments were antihistamines (47.8%) and topical steroids (38.4%). Only 18 diagnostic biopsies were performed. CONCLUSION: our study summarizes the skin diseases seen and management practices of Ghanaian dermatologists in a specialized clinic at a large public teaching hospital. The results of this study can help to guide future dermatology education and development efforts in Ghana.

Introduction: Peroxisome proliferators- activated receptors (PPARs) represent a major research target for the understanding and treatment of many skin diseases, such as benign epidermal tumors, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Aim: Estimate and analyze the PPAR gamma expression and its pathological role in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients with atopic dermatitis, fifteen patients with psoriasis and twenty apparently healthy subjects as controls,were included in the current study. We estimate the PPARgamma gene expression in the lesional skin of atopic and psoriatic patients and control, by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Results: Our data showed a significant decreased PPARgamma expression in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients and psoriatic patients (P value

Introduction: Interleukin-1 super family is a group of cytokines that play a role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Interleukin-33 is a member of this family and is known to induce expression of the T helper2 cytokines that are important players in atopic dermatitis. Aim: To evaluate the expression of interleukins-1ß and 33 as T helper2 cytokines inducers in patients with atopic dermatitis. Materials andMethods: This study included 20 atopic patients and 20 apparently healthy individuals serving as controls. Skin biopsies from all participants will be examined for detection of interleukins-1ß and 33 by ELISA technique.Results: Both interleukins were statistically higher (P

Résumé Le trafic des cellules immunitaires au sein de l’organisme est assuré par de petites protéines appelées chimiokines. Les leucocytes expriment à leur surface leurs récepteurs correspondant, qui, une fois liés aux chimiokines permettent la migration des cellules à travers les cellules endothéliales. En conditions basales ainsi que dans de multiples pathologies, la migration des cellules est une étape clé du système immunitaire. L’expression exagérée ou anormale de ces récepteurs de chimiokine dans l’allergie est ainsi un des facteurs essentiels dans le déclenchement de la réponse allergique. Beaucoup d’études se sont penchées sur l’importance des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs dans les maladies allergiques comme l’asthme, les allergies alimentaires ou encore la dermatite atopique. Par ailleurs, le blocage des récepteurs par le biais d’antagoniste a permis de développer de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques, supprimant le recrutement des cellules lors de la réaction allergique. Dans cette revue, nous détaillerons donc les chimiokines et leurs récepteurs les plus importants dans les trois allergies citées et nous préciserons quels sont les antagonistes développés à ce jour contre les récepteurs de chimiokines. Immune cell trafficking is orchestrated by a family of small proteins named chemokines and leucocytes express chemokine receptors on their surface. Once chemokines are attached to these receptors, they trigger transendothelial migration. During basal conditions as well in various diseases, leukocyte migration is a crucial step for the immune system. Excessive or inappropriate expression of chemokine receptors in allergy is thus one of the key factors, which trigger the allergic response. Consequently, many studies have been made on the importance of chemokines and their receptors in allergic diseases such as asthma, food allergy and atopic dermatitis. Moreover, as these receptors can easily be blocked by an antagonist, this has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches aimed at suppressing the recruitment of immune cells during an allergic reaction. In this review, we will detail which chemokines and which chemokine receptors are important in the three main allergic diseases mentioned above and describe the chemokine receptor antagonists, which have been developed to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Les maladies allergiques sont en constante augmentation depuis quelques années. Avec le vieillissement de la population, les dépenses de santé vont s’accroître également. Le coût de la médecine curative, qui a considérablement été développée ces dernières décennies ne pourra plus être supporté demain. Ainsi les traitements de nombreuses maladies chroniques telles que les allergies doivent être reconsidérés. Les thérapies existantes telles que l’immunothérapie ne sont pas efficaces pour tous les types d’allergies et il n’existe aucun moyen validé de prévenir ces maladies. Les nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques des maladies chroniques se focalisent aujourd’hui sur le développement de la médecine personnalisée ou médecine 4P (prédictive, préventive, personnalisée et participative). Ainsi, l’élaboration de vaccins ou encore d’aliment-santé à destination des populations à risque est en cours. Allergic diseases have been increasing constantly over the past few years. With the population aging, the rising cost of healthcare is inevitable. The increasing cost of curative medicine, which has developed considerably during recent decades, will no longer be accepted. Thus, the treatment of many chronic diseases, including allergies, must be reconsidered. Current treatments such as allergen immunotherapy are not effective enough for all the different types of allergies and no valid preventive treatment exists. New strategies for the treatment of chronic diseases are now being focused on the development of personalized medicine and on 4P (preventive, personalized, predictive, and participative) medicine. For instance, vaccines or health food products are currently being developed for populations at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé La dermatite atopique (DA) de l’adulte est une maladie fréquente dont la prévalence a considérablement augmenté ces dernières décennies dans les pays industrialisés. Elle peut s’associer à d’autres manifestations atopiques. Son impact sur la qualité de vie des patients est souvent sous-estimé. Les mécanismes physiopathologiques à l’œuvre dans la DA sont multiples : anomalie fonctionnelle innée de la barrière cutanée liée en partie à des mutations du gène de la filaggrine, protéine structurale majeure de l’épiderme ; anomalie de l’immunité innée et adaptative avec un profil de réponse de type Th2 à la phase aiguë et de type Th1 à la phase chronique ; dysbiose des microbiomes intestinaux et cutanés ; facteurs environnementaux. Le diagnostic de DA est clinique et il n’existe aucun biomarqueur prédictif de la sévérité ou de l’évolution de la maladie. Les principaux diagnostics différentiels à évoquer sont la gale, le psoriasis, une toxidermie, un eczéma de contact, un lymphome cutané T épidermotrope, un déficit immunitaire primitif et un syndrome de Netherton. La prise en charge thérapeutique est difficile et doit intégrer un programme d’éducation thérapeutique. Elle fait appel en première intention aux dermocorticoïdes, en prenant soin de dépister une éventuelle corticophobie. Les indications des immunosuppresseurs systémiques sont rares et relèvent d’équipes spécialisées. Le dupilumab (anti-IL4/IL13) pourrait être la première thérapie ciblée efficace dans la DA. Les thérapies ciblant spécifiquement les mécanismes du prurit représentent une perspective thérapeutique séduisante. Atopic dermatitis (AD) of the adult is a common skin disease. Its prevalence has greatly increased during the past decades. AD is commonly associated with other atopic disorders. Its impact on quality of life is often underestimated. Various immunopathologic mechanisms are involved in AD: innate epidermal barrier dysfunction due to filaggrin gene mutations, innate and adaptative abnormalities of the immune system (an initial Th2 phase precedes a chronic Th1 phase), intestinal and cutaneous microbiomes dysbiosis, and environmental factors. Diagnosis of AD is clinical and there is no predictive biomarker of future severity. The main differential diagnoses are: scabies, psoriasis, cutaneous adverse reaction, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, primary immunodeficiency, and Netherton's syndrome. Therapeutic management is challenging and should integrate a therapeutic education program. Topical corticosteroids are the first line treatment, including a preliminary assessment of possible topical corticosteroids phobia. Systemic treatments are recommended in severe, chronic and resistant AD, after careful evaluation in a reference centre. Dupilumab, an IL4/IL13 inhibitor, might be the first effective targeted therapy in AD, whereas therapies that specifically target the mechanisms of pruritus represent an exciting perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (AD) are diseases of still unknown precisely etiology. Concomitance of psoriasis and AD is relatively very rare, but it is constantly under discussion whether these disorders are etiopathologically connected. We report case of 55-year old patient, with a 25 year history of psoriasis, hospitalized in our Department because of exacerbation of atopic dermatitis diagnosed two years ago. We agree with previous reports that due to rare prevalence of concomitance of psoriasis and AD, those diseases are rather mutually exclusive.

Résumé: La dermatite atopique (DA) et l’urticaire chronique spontanée (UCS) sont deux dermatoses inflammatoires chroniques fréquentes, qui peuvent altérer considérablement la qualité de vie. Il n’est pas rare de se trouver en situation d’échec avec les traitements dits conventionnels, à savoir les dermocorticoïdes pour la DA et les antihistaminiques de seconde génération pour l’UCS. Le recours à des traitements immunosuppresseurs peut alors être envisagé, mais leur mode d’action n’est pas spécifique de l’affection et leur utilisation non dénuée d’effets indésirables. La révolution thérapeutique que nous avons connue avec l’arrivée des biomédicaments dans le psoriasis nous incite à porter notre espoir dans le développement de thérapies davantage ciblées sur la physiopathologie de la DA et de l’UCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: Si l’allergie alimentaire peut être responsable de manifestations d’hypersensibilité immédiate chez l’atopique, sa responsabilité dans l’induction ou l’entretien de l’eczéma atopique est contestable. En effet, les résultats des prick tests et des dosages d’IgE spécifiques d’aliments sont rarement corrélés à la clinique. Les tests cutanés à lecture immédiate paraissent d’ailleurs inadaptés pour explorer des réactions d’eczéma par hypersensibilité retardée. Les atopy patch tests alimentaires, plus appropriés, sont néanmoins exceptionnellement effectués. Par ailleurs, les tests de provocations entraînent des manifestations immédiates et rarement des réactions cutanées retardées. L’évaluation des régimes d’éviction se fait très diversement d’une étude à l’autre et sans prise en compte des autres mesures thérapeutiques utilisées. La prescription de tels régimes peut conduire par ailleurs à des carences nutritionnelles parfois sévères. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aussi largement utilisées par les patients que décriées par les médecins, les thérapeutiques complémentaires sont absentes des recommandations et des conférences de consensus en raison de l’extrême faiblesse de leur niveau de preuve. Pour autant, certaines représentent une alternative crédible en fonction des individus. Elles peuvent participer à la personnalisation du soin des patients, notamment ceux atteints de dermatite atopique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La prise en charge officinale de la dermatite atopique ne repose pas seulement sur la délivrance des traitements médicamenteux. Il s’agit en effet de développer des stratégies de prévention pour les personnes à risque (prévention primaire), mais également pour les individus présentant une atopie nouvellement diagnostiquée (prévention secondaire). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD) is low in North Africa. We describe the epidemiology of this atopic condition among school children in Tunisia. METHODS: We conducted a Cross-sectional survey study of 5 to 6-year-old schoolchildren from 21 primary schools of Sfax. The diagnosis of AD was based on the U.K. Working Party diagnostic criteria. A questionnaire including these criteria and some risk factors of AD was issued to the children. All children were examined by one dermatologist. RESULTS: Among the 1617 examined children, ten had AD giving a one-year prevalence of 0.65%. The overall sex ratio was 2.33. The disease occurred before the age of 2 years in 3 children. Pure AD without concomitant respiratory allergies was noted in 3 cases. One first-degree family member with atopy was at least noted in seven children. The strongest associated factor was the presence of AD in at least one parent and maternal age at the time of the child birth. Nor breast-feeding neither environmental characteristics of the house did correlate with AD. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of AD in Tunisian schoolchildren is low but comparable to those of other developing countries. Family history of atopy and maternal age at the birth time was the most important associated factors.

Résumé: La dermatite atopique (DA) est une maladie de la barrière cutanée, très fréquente chez l’enfant ; dans certaines formes, elle peut être la porte d’entrée dans la maladie allergique. Il est donc justifié de s’interroger sur l’éventualité d’une allergie alimentaire ou respiratoire responsable ou aggravant les lésions de DA. À l’âge du nourrisson, quelques éléments cliniques peuvent orienter vers une allergie alimentaire : une DA sévère, de début précoce et répondant mal au traitement dermocorticoïde, des signes d’allergie immédiate. Même si la sensibilisation à des allergènes alimentaires (prick/patch-tests ou IgE spécifiques positifs) est fréquente, la filiation entre DA et allergie alimentaire est cependant difficile à prouver et il faudra se garder de faire des évictions alimentaires injustifiées en s’aidant de l’expertise d’un allergologue. Chez le plus grand enfant, l’exposition aux pneumallergènes peut être responsable d’exacerbations de la DA. La coexistence d’une allergie respiratoire permettra la mise en place d’une immunothérapie spécifique, qui est un traitement prometteur de la DA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pratiques Psychologiques is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The therapeutic prospects for patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis completely changed in 2017 with the arrival of the first targeted therapy, dupilumab. Achieving important clinical improvement scores are now possible with this monoclonal antibody directed against interleukins 4 and 13. Since that time, other agents such as tralokinumab arrived on the market, but also the small molecules called «JAK inhibitors» (upadacitinib, baricitinib, etc.). This article provides an inventory of the existing or imminent therapeutic options for atopic dermatitis.

Copyright of Pratique Medicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Atopic dermatitis (AD), or atopic eczema, is a pruriginous inflammatory dermatosis with a genetic predisposition evolving in recurrent flare-ups on a background of chronicity, affecting essentially infants and small children. The clinical phenotype of AD results from interactions between genes and susceptibility, a defect in the cutaneous barrier function (abnormalities in filaggrin and the proteins of the epidermic differentiation complex) and dysfunction of the innate and/or adaptive immune response. With its multifactorial origin, it is dependent on the TH2 lymphocyte system, with a tendency to produce immunoglobulin E (IgE) and the risk of asthma, rhinitis, or allergic conjunctivitis define an atopic susceptibility. Staphylococcus aureus colonization plays a vital role in the perpetuation of the inflammatory phenomena. The disease often regresses in older children. Its prevalence is on the rise in industrialized countries. Diagnosis is clinical, facilitated by certain criteria initially proposed by Hanifin and Rajka and then simplified by Williams. The allergological investigation is reserved for cases that are stubborn, severe, or associated with respiratory symptoms. AD is a dermatosis that evolves in erratic and often unpredictable flare-ups. AD flare-up treatment is based on local corticosteroid therapy. Maintenance therapy attempts to correct the cutaneous dryness with hydrating products whose efficacy has now been proven. Optimal management includes the family''s and/or the child''s comprehension of the treatment, explaining to them that the goal to reach is not only to relieve the child, but also to attempt to modify the course of the disease. AD is thus a star disease and a public health problem. The major progress made in the comprehension of the physiopathological mechanisms of AD promise targeted therapies from new biotechnologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common IgE dependent disorder. AR is maybe one of the steps of the allergic march, which starts with atopic dermatitis and food allergy and includes atopic asthma. AR and asthma are frequently associated. AR is frequently under-diagnosed and undertreated although it affects quality of life and school performance. Management of AR depends on its severity and will associate environmental control (best guided by environmental investigation and skin testing of specific IgE antibodies), pharmacotherapy (with antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids as first line drugs). At present allergen immunotherapy is considered in patients with severe AR, insufficiently controlled by pharmacotherapy and who demonstrate specific IgE antibodies to relevant allergens. Sublingual immunotherapy is well tolerated. Only immunotherapy with the right allergens has the potential to alter the natural history of the allergic march, by preventing the development of new allergen sensitizations and reducing the risk for the subsequent development of asthma. This fact might extend the indications of specific allergen immunotherapy. Patients (and parents) education is of utmost importance in the management of allergic disorders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Résumé: La dermatite atopique, ou eczéma atopique, est une dermatose inflammatoire prurigineuse de prédisposition génétique évoluant par poussées récidivantes sur un fond de chronicité atteignant essentiellement le nourrisson et le petit enfant. L’évolution est le plus souvent régressive chez le grand enfant. D’origine multifactorielle, elle est sous la dépendance du système lymphocytaire TH2 avec tendance à la production d’immunoglobulines E et risque d’asthme, de rhinite ou conjonctivite définissant le terrain atopique. Sa prévalence est en augmentation dans les pays industrialisés. Le diagnostic est clinique, facilité par le recours à certains critères proposés initialement par Hanifin et Rajka puis simplifiés par Williams. La conférence de consensus qui a été dirigée par la Société française de dermatologie a vocation d’en simplifier la prise en charge en réservant les enquêtes allergologiques aux cas rebelles, sévères ou associés à des symptômes respiratoires. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pratique Medicale et Chirurgicale de l'Animal de Compagnie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Allergologie is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: A number of scientific reports have been published on patch tests with protein allergens performed on patients with atopic eczema (AE). Evaluation of eczematous skin lesions with an atopy patch test (APT) can be used as a diagnostic tool in characterizing patients with aeroallergen – and food-triggered AE. Indications for testing with APT, choice of allergens (aeroallergens and foods), test materials and technique, including present knowledge on sensitivity and specificity, clinical reports are particularly mentioned in childhood. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]