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RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The article discusses the interplay between language, cognition and culture from a cognitive diachronic perspective, focusing on the relation between religion and metaphorical thought. It investigates the role of the conceptual metaphor UNDERSTANDING IS LIGHT in religious discourse, using the example of The Revelations of Divine Love, written by Julian of Norwich, a late medieval anchoress. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METODS: The paper draws on the Extended Conceptual Metaphor approach, Zoltán Kövecses’s elaboration of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). The universalist bias of CMT means that the theory tends to ignore the sociocultural context of historical data, prioritising the influence of universal human embodiment on metaphorical thought. Using Kövecses’s approach, the paper shows how the gap in CMT methodology may be bridged to yield more reliable results. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The present study connects Kövecses’s approach to Cognitive Linguistic research into sociocultural situatedness. To exemplify the problem, the analysis examines the cognitive‑cultural underpinnings of Julian’s use of the metaphor UNDERSTAND‑ ING IS LIGHT. RESEARCH RESULTS: The analysis shows that the metaphorical conceptualisation pattern may well derive from Julian’s sociocultural situatedness. The paper indicates that the anchoress’s metaphorical thought should be seen as embedded in the late medieval sociocultural context, rather than being considered solely in terms of universal aspects of embodiment. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND THE APPLICATIVE VALUE OF RESEARCH: The study concludes that the idea of sociocultural situatedness may be pivotal in the analyses of historical texts. It seems important to incorporate this idea into Kövecses’s approach, which may inform the methodology of cognitive diachronic research into metaphorical conceptualisations. Furthermore, the results may be applied to teaching students how to approach historical texts, helping them gain a better understanding of the relation between metaphorical thought and culture.

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem artykułu jest analiza wypowiedzi psychologów i psychiatrów w wywiadach opublikowanych w prasie i/lub portalach internetowych, dotyczących wyzwań, jakie dla równowagi psychicznej stanowi codzienność pandemii COVID‑19 w Polsce. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Artykuł wypełnia lukę w badaniach dyskursu publicznego odnośnie do zdrowia psychicznego podczas epidemii wywołanej przez wirus SARS‑CoV‑2, przyjmując założenia teoretyczne i metodologiczne językoznawstwa kognitywnego, zgodnie z którymi metafora manifestująca się w języku ma w istocie naturę pojęciową. PROCES WYWODU: Przedmiotem badania są metafory pojęciowe używane przez psychologów i psychiatrów w komunikowaniu wiedzy eksperckiej w dyskursie publicznym. Artykuł rozpatruje tę kwestię w kontekście rozwijania kompetencji zdrowotnych społeczeństwa w celu przeciwdziałania zaburzeniom psychicznym wywołanym przez pandemię. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Wyniki analizy wskazują, że trafnie dobrane metafory usprawniają proces wnioskowania na temat relacji przyczynowo‑skutkowych pomiędzy zaistnieniem sytuacji epidemicznej a wystąpieniem zaburzeń psychicznych w różnych grupach wiekowych społeczeństwa polskiego. WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Wyniki bieżącej analizy mogą stanowić podstawę do dalszych badań na temat kognitywnych podstaw skutecznych sposobów popularyzacji wiedzy eksperckiej o zdrowiu psychicznym, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tych obszarów codzienności epidemicznej, które mogą łatwo podlegać dezinformacji.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The paper addresses the role of memory in sustaining the continuity of culture. While culture is seen as an idealised cognitive system, comprising the knowledge, values, and beliefs of members of a community, language is viewed as a cognitive tool that functions an aid to cultural transmission. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: We underscore the fundamental importance of memory as a cornerstone of the correlation between the axiological and pedagogical aspects of the transfer of knowledge across generations of community members. The paper adopts a cognitive‑cultural viewpoint on the phenomenon of memory and its grounding in culture. We employ the cognitive‑linguistic methodology of converging evidence, including selected insights from cognitive psychology. In our study, we investigate this issue by exploring the imagery of religious language, the Bible being the ultimate source of Christian ideas on how to represent abstract notions concerning religious truths. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Specifically, we analyse the use of linguistic imagery in John Paul II’s Roman Triptych. Since the Author’s speculative thought encourages meditation on the human condition in the world and their relationship with God, a substantial amount of imagery is Biblical in nature. RESEARCH RESULTS: We underscore the creativity of Wojtyła’s linguistic choices that reveal a specific conceptualisation of time and space, which derives from the Author’s sociocultural situatedness. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: In conclusion, we account for the role of spatial thought and external representations in shaping the unique space‑time of the Triptych. We suggest that the results of the linguistic‑cultural analysis may foster the dialogue between science and religion by offering our own interpretation of panchrony, which we show to be derivative of human situated cognition, rather than a label applicable to a perspective onto the language‑time relation within the domain of linguistic study (vis‑à‑vis the dichotomy of synchrony and diachrony).

The article deals with the issues of employee safety under the influence of local man-made hazards. The example of the welding process is used to calculate the risk of work in a confined space. The issues of application of protective means for prevention of violations of health of the worker are discussed.The situation of emergency shutdown of ventilation during the work of personnel in difficult conditions was simulated. When calculating the probability of risk occurrence in the simulated situation, toxic effects of nitrogen dioxide on the health were established for the options of absence and presence of protection (mask).

The present study is devoted to the statement of compatibility conditions on propagating wave sur- faces of strong and weak discontinuities in thermoelastic continua with microstructure. The field formalism is used to study the problem. A natural density of thermoelastic action and the corresponding variational least action principle are stated for a varying domain. A special form of the first variation of the action is employed to obtain 4-covariant boundary conditions on the wave surfaces. These are given by jumps of the Piola–Kirchhoff stress 4-tensor and the energy–momentum tensor. Problems of propagation of weak discontinuities in type-II MPTE continua are considered. Geometrical and kinematical compatibility conditions are used to study possi- ble wave surfaces of weak discontinuities. It is shown that the surfaces of weak discontinuities can propagate without weak discontinuities of the temperature displacement.

At present, belt grinding is widely used in the leading branches of the national economy. The rotary belt grinding process has a complex stochastic nature, which leads to a dispersion of product quality parameters and does not allow to use all possibilities of this method, due to the lack of an adequate mathematical description of the process. The article is devoted to the development of the theoretical and probabilistic model of the rotary belt grinding process.